Download or read book Quantification of Fatty Acids Over the Gametogenic Cycle of Striped Bass Morone Saxatilis with Varying Dietary Levels of DHA EPA and AA written by Lisa Ann Dickey and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Refined Understanding of Sulfur Amino Acid Nutrition in Hybrid Striped Bass Morone Chrysops male Symbol X M Saxatilis female Symbol written by Mark C. Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies have indicated the level of total sulfur amino acids (TSAA)(methionine + cystine) is most limiting in practical diet formulations for hybrid striped bass(HSB), especially if animal feedstuffs are replaced with plant feedstuffs. Reduction of costly animal feedstuffs such as fish meal while maintaining adequate dietary levels of TSAA may enhance cost effectiveness of production. Therefore, this study, consisting of four separate feeding trials, investigated three different aspects of sulfur amino acid nutrition of HSB including: (1) the efficacy of crystalline methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) and liquid MHA(Alimet[superscript]TM) relative to L-methionine in meeting the requirement for TSAA; (2) the cystine sparing value for methionine; and, (3) the influence of various sulfur amino acid supplements on ammonia excretion. During the feeding trials, juvenile HSB were fed various diets including a basal diet deficient in TSAA (0.33 or 0.51% of diet), and experimental diets supplemented on an equal sulfurbasis with different levels of either L-methionine, Alimet[superscript]TM or crystalline MHA. Diets containing TSAA at 1% of diet and different ratios of cystine to methionine (60:40, 55:45,50:50, and 45:55) also were fed to re-evaluate sparing effects of cystine on methionine. During the ammonia excretion trial, HSB were fed diets containing either L-methionine, Alimet [superscript]TM or crystalline MHA after which total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion was determined 4 h postprandial. In trial 1, Alimet [superscript]TM was 73% as effective in promoting growth as L-methionine at the same concentration while MHA was 83% as effective. In trial 3, fish fed Alimet [superscript]TM at 1.25% of diet displayed similar growth performance as those fed TSAA at 1.0% of diet while weight gain of fish fed Alimet [superscript]TM at 1% was only 58% of that displayed by fish fed TSAA at 1.0%. No significant differences in weight gain, feed utilization or survival were observed among fish fed diets containing various ratios of cystine to methionine although the diet with 60:40 cystine to methionine supported the lowest responses. Inclusion of MHA or Alimet [superscript]TM did not affect TAN excretion of HSB. These findings will aid in refining diet formulations for HSB to ensure adequate sulfur amino acid nutrition.

Download or read book Evaluation of Various Dietary Supplements and Strategies to Enhance Growth and Disease Management of Hybrid Striped Bass Morone Chrysops X M Saxatilis written by Peng Li and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) industry has been negatively impacted by infectious diseases because there are very few approved drugs and vaccines. Therefore, a series of experiments was conducted to explore the potential use of various dietary supplements including autolyzed brewers yeast, the commercial prebiotic GroBiotic®-A, oligonucleotides and levamisole for improvement of hybrid striped bass growth, immunity and resistance to disease caused by various pathogenic bacteria. In two trials with brewers yeast, fish fed diets supplemented with yeast at 2% generally showed enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency compared with those fed a basal diet. Brewers yeast also positively influenced resistance to S. iniae infection. In addition, results of immune response assays demonstrated that brewers yeast can be administered for relatively long periods without causing immunosuppression. GroBiotic®-A (Grobiotic [superscript]TM AE) also resulted in significantly enhanced weight gain, innate immune responses and resistance of juvenile hybrid striped bass to S. iniae infection. An additional experiment with sub-adult fish showed significantly reduced mortality of fish fed a diet supplemented with GroBiotic®-A at 2% when subjected to an in-situ Mycobacterium marinum challenge. This is the first report of positive effects from dietary prebiotics for fish health management, although many fundamental questions should be pursued further. Dietary supplementation of a commercial oligonucleotide product (Ascogen P®) at 0.5% of the diet was shown to enhance resistance of hybrid striped bass against S. iniae infection and increased their neutrophil oxidative radical production. However, the effect on growth was marginal. Dietary levamisole supplementation at a low level (100 mg/kg) enhanced the growth and feed efficiency of juvenile hybrid striped bass. However, an elevated dosage(1000 mg/kg diet) strongly suppressed growth, feed intake and feed efficiency. Hypothesized beneficial influences, including antibody production and resistance to S.iniae and A. hydrophila were not substantiated. Although dietary levamisole increased fish macrophage respiratory burst, an in vitro study failed to show a direct effect on cultured macrophages. This suite of studies demonstrated the potential use of some dietary supplements to enhance hybrid striped bass production. Thus, immunonutrition represents a valuable strategy to apply in aquaculture.

Download or read book Amino Acid Nutrition of Sunshine Bass Morone Chrysops Female X M Saxatilis Male written by Chithra Nalani Keembiyehetty and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dietary Effect on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Contents in Hybrid Striped Bass written by Chun-Hung Chiu and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Compensatory Growth in Hybrid Striped Bass Morone Chrysops X Morone Saxatilis Hormones and Mechanisms written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compensatory growth (CG) is a period of growth acceleration that exceeds normal rates after animals are alleviated of certain growth-stunting conditions. While the endocrine control of growth in fishes and other vertebrates is regulated primarily through the growth hormone (GH) D insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, the hormonal dynamics regulating accelerated (compensatory) phases of growth are poorly understood. We assessed whether CG responses could be induced in hybrid striped bass (HSB; Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis) through feeding and/or temperature manipulation, and then examined whether components of the GH/IGF endocrine growth axis could be contributing to the response. We found that CG responses can be elicited in HSB following periods of 1) partial feed restriction, 2) complete feed restriction and 3) a combination of low water temperatures and complete feed restriction, with full catch-up growth being achieved in the latter. The most dramatic periods of CG were preceded by a catabolic state marked by body weight loss, hepatic steatosis, depressed hepatosomatic index values and an endocrine state of GH resistance. Upon alleviation of the growth-stunting condition, HSB displayed significant elevations in growth rate that exceeded controls by as much as 4 times. This CG response was accompanied by increases in feed intake (hyperphagia), improved feed conversion and a reversal of steatotsis and GH resistance. The onset of CG in feed manipulation studies was marked by significant elevations in total hepatic IGF-I mRNA and plasma IGF-I, indicating that elevated synthesis and secretion of the growth factor may mediate rapid growth responses. Strong correlations between systemic IGF-I and SGR suggest that circulating levels of IGF-I may serve as a biomarker of growth in HSB and perhaps other fishes. The 40kDa IGF binding protein (IGFBP) may also contribute to CG, since plasma levels increased in concordance with IGF-I and growth. Although little is.

Download or read book Omega 6 omega 3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio written by Artemis P. Simopoulos and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on the evolutionary aspects of diet and molecular studies included in this volume indicate that human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the essential fatty acids (EFA). In fact, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 EFA was 1/1 whereas present day diets in both developed and developing countries have a much higher ratio, between 5/1 and 50/1. Additional studies show that a high ratio of omega-6/omega-3 EFA is detrimental to health and may lead to the development of chronic diseases. Improving the dietary ratio by decreasing the omega-6 fatty acids and increasing the omega-3 fatty acids is essential for brain function and for the management of cardiovascular disease, arthritis and cancer. A ratio of 4/1 or less leads to lower dosage and to the reduction of adverse effects of drugs. This volume should be of interest to a large and varied audience of researchers in academia, industry, and government; cardiologists, geneticists, immunologists, neuroscientists, and cancer specialists; as well as nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, agriculturists, economists and regulators.

Download or read book Evaluation of Amino Acid Supplementation of Soybean meal based Diets for Hybrid Striped Bass written by Lea Christine Savolainen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) aquaculture is a major commercial enterprise in the United States and internationally. Efforts to decrease diet costs and limit dependence on fishmeal, have led to the development of plant-based diets as an alternative aquafeed. Due to limiting concentrations of amino acids such as methionine, cystine, and taurine in plant meals such as soybean meal, supplementation of these plant-based diets with methionine or other sulfur amino acid compounds is typically required. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate different amino acid supplements in soybean-meal-based diets for hybrid striped bass for possible refinement of diets and reduction of production costs. One feeding trial evaluated methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) and Mintrex® which is MHA containing chelated zinc relative to L-methionine. The second trial evaluated the effects of supplemental taurine or arginine on fish performance and potential health benefits. In the first feeding trial, a basal soybean-meal-based diet (56% soybean meal and 15% fishmeal) marginally deficient in total sulfur amino acids (TSSA) (1.10% methionine and cystine) was supplemented with either L-methionine, Mintrex® or MHA calcium salt and fed to triplicate groups of juvenile hybrid striped bass for 10 weeks. The different methionine supplements provided similar weight gain, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) values that tended to be greater than observed in fish fed the basal diet. Mintrex® supplementation provided much higher plasma zinc concentrations compared to fish fed the other methionine supplements. In the second feeding trial, soybean-meal based diets which satisfied the requirement for TSAA were supplemented with either taurine or arginine at 1.5% of dry weight. Supplemental taurine or arginine did not provide any improvements in weight gain, FER, PER or survival compared to the basal diet. Thus, taurine or arginine supplementation of soybean-meal-based diets does not appear warranted. However, sulfur amino acid supplementation of plant-based diets is critical, and Mintrex® appears to be an effective supplement to meet the methionine and zinc needs of hybrid striped bass.

Download or read book Use of Alternative Lipids and Finishing Feeds to Improve Nutritional Value and Food Safety of Hybrid Striped Bass written by Curtis C. Crouse and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seafood represents the most important source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in the human diet. However, consuming fish can present risks from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that bioaccumulate in edible tissues following dietary exposure. In farmed fish, POPs accumulate as a result of feeding diets based on fish oil (FO). Fish oil substitution can reduce POP accumulation, but also results in loss of beneficial LC-PUFAs. Fish oil-based finishing diets at the end of production can restore LC-PUFAs, but this strategy also increases POPs. The present study assessed the use of saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich lipids to replace fish oil in grow-out feeds in conjunction with a fish oil-rich finishing diet to determine if this strategy could produce hybrid striped bass with equal production performance, equivalent LC-PUFA levels, and reduced POP concentrations. Triplicate tanks of hybrid striped bass were raised on diets containing fish oil (100% FO), fish oil spiked with additional POPs (100% FO Spike), or blends (50/50 or 25/75) of FO and coconut (CO) or palm (PO) oils (50% CO, 50% PO, 75% CO, 75% PO) with and without an eight week finishing period with the 100% FO diet prior to harvest. Production performance, fillet LC-PUFA, and POP content were assessed. Production performance was not adversely affected by any of the feeding regimens. However, fatty acid profile was altered, with fillets of fish consuming less fish oil having lower LC-PUFA and POP levels. Finishing yielded a modest increase in fillet LC-PUFAs and POPs, but POPs accumulated more readily than LC-PUFAs during finishing. However, harvest fillet POP and LC-PUFA levels in the experimental groups were lower relative to levels in the 100% FO group. Replacing fish oil in aquafeeds can produce fish with reduced LC-PUFAs, and also reduced POPs. Feeding fish oil results in more rapid accumulation of POPs than LC-PUFA. Overall, the 75% fish oil replacement feeds yielded fish with the highest ratio of LC-PUFAs to POPs. Despite lower LC-PUFA content, fillets of fish fed the 75% fish oil replacement feeds could be incorporated into a weekly meal plan with other dietary sources of LC-PUFAs to meet dietary recommendations for these essential nutrients.

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acid Enhancement of Hybrid Striped Bass written by Patricia H. Fair and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Minimum Dietary Fish Oil Requirement to Maintain Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations in the Fillets of Sunshine Bass Fed Diets Containing Little Or No Fish Meal written by Heidi A. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine derived feedstuffs are the primary source of dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in aquafeeds; however, alternative sources are needed to formulate the most efficient production diet. Two feeding trials were conducted using sunshine bass Morone chrysops [female] x M. saxatilis [male] fingerlings to determine the extent to which plant-based sources can replace menhaden meal and oil in the diet without compromising growth and fillet quality. The fatty acid profile of the fillet was highly responsive to dietary changes. Complete replacement of marine feedstuffs in the diet altered lipid metabolism resulting in increased lipid deposition in the viscera. Based on results of my studies, diets containing 40% menhaden oil and 20% menhaden meal can be fed during grow-out without compromising growth. Prior to harvest, feeding an 80% menhaden oil/20% menhaden meal diet may be suitable as a finishing diet to re-establish HUFA levels in the fillet.

Download or read book Examination of Interactions Between Vitamin C and Vitamin E and Effects on Immune Responses and Disease Resistance of Hybrid Striped Bass Morone Chrysops X Morone Saxatilis written by Wendy Michele Sealey and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrition and Feeding of Fish written by Tom Lovell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-11-30 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaculture is now recognized as a viable and profitable enterprise worldwide. As aquaculture technology has evolved, the push toward higher yields and faster growth has involved the enhancement or replacement of natural foods with prepared diets. In many aquaculture operations today, feed accounts for more than one-half the variable operating cost. Therefore, knowledge of nutrition and practical feeding of fish is essential to successful aquaculture. This book is not written exclusively for scientists but also for students, practicing nutritionists, and aquaculturists. It covers the known nutrient requirements and deficiency effects for different fishes, and digestion and metabolism of nutrients and energy. It discusses nutrient sources and preparation of practical and research feeds. It gives directions for conducting fish nutrition and feeding experiments. Feeding practices for salmonids, channel catfish, tilapias, shrimps and hybrid striped bass are presented. Since the first edition of this book was printed, the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences has revised the nutrient requirements for fish. These revisions are in the present edition. Other additions to this revised edition are chapters on nutrition and fish health, and bioavailability of nutrients. Each original chapter has been meticulously revised and updated with new information. Aquaculture is a dynamic area and new technologies are being introduced continuously; therefore, some of the material discussed in this revised edition may become obsolete quickly. Nonetheless, the material presented has been thoughtfully selected and updated to make it of maximum use to persons whose interests range from general aquaculture to animal nutrition to feed manufacture.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism written by Guoyao Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers hot topics in the nutrition and metabolism of terrestrial and aquatic animals, including the interorgan transport and utilization of water, minerals, amino acids, glucose, and fructose; the development of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for animals (e.g., swine and poultry); and metabolic disorders (or diseases) resulting from nutrient deficiencies. It enables readers to understand the crucial roles of nutrients in the nutrition, growth, development, and health of animals. Such knowledge has important implications for humans. Readers will also learn from well-written chapters about the use of new genome-editing biotechnologies to generate animals (e.g., cows and swine) as bioreactors that can produce large amounts of pharmaceutical proteins and other molecules to improve the health and well-being of humans and other animals, as well as the growth and productivity of farm animals. Furthermore, the book provides useful information on the use of animals (e.g., cattle, swine, sheep, chickens, and fish) as models in biomedical research to prevent and treat human diseases, develop infant formulas, and improve the cardiovascular and metabolic health of offspring with prenatal growth restriction. Editor of this book is an internationally recognized expert in nutrition and metabolisms. He has about 40 years of experience with research and teaching at world-class universities in the subject matters. He has published more than 660 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 90 chapters in books, and authored two text/reference books, with a very high H-index of 127 and more than 66,000 citations in Google Scholar. This publication is a useful reference for nutrition and biomedical professionals, as well as undergraduate and graduate students in animal science, aquaculture, zoology, wildlife, veterinary medicine, biology, biochemistry, food science, nutrition, pharmacology, physiology, toxicology, and other related disciplines. In addition, all chapters provide general and specific references to nutrition and metabolism for researchers and practitioners in animal agriculture (including aquaculture), dietitians, animal and human medicines, and for government policy makers.

Download or read book Guidelines for the Promotion of Environmental Management of Coastal Aquaculture Development written by Uwe C. Barg and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1992 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is directed to aquaculture development specialists, coastal resource use planners and government officials involved and interested in the planning and management of coastal aquaculture development within the wider context of resource use in coastal areas. It is intended to serve in the promotion of environmental management of coastal aquaculture. Guidelines are given for improved environmental management of coastal aquaculture based on an overview of selected published experiences and concepts. Potential adverse environmental effects of and on coastal aquaculture practices are addressed with consideration of main socio-economic and bio-physical factors. Methodologies are presented for the assessment and monitoring of environmental hazards and impacts of coastal aquaculture. Selected environmental management options are described for application both at policy-level and farm-level.

Download or read book Food Intake in Fish written by Dominic Houlihan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intake of food by fishes is an area of study that is of great importance to the applied sciences of fisheries and aquaculture for a number of reasons. For example a thorough knowledge of factors influencing the ingestion of feed can lead to successful manipulation of the rearing environment of cultured fishes, thereby ensuring improved growth performance and feed utilisation, and decreasing the amount of waste (and consequent pollution) per unit of fish produced. This important book, which has arisen out of a European Union COST programme, illustrates how insights into the biological and environmental factors that underlie the feeding responses of fish may be used to address practical issues of feed management. Food Intake in Fish contains carefully edited contributions from internationally recognised scientists, providing a book that is an invaluable tool and reference to all those involved in aquaculture, especially those working in the aquaculture feed industry and scientific personnel in commercial and research aquaculture facilities. This book should also find a place on the shelves of fish biologists and physiologists and as a reference in libraries of universities, research establishments and aquaculture equipment companies.

Download or read book Trichier written by Alessandra Ceretto and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: