Download or read book Essays on the role of gender and groups in economic decision making written by Jay Alan Schwarz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Gender and Decision Making in Political Economy written by Maliheh Paryavi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays that address supply side, demand side and political factors that influence the attitudes and decisions that shape women's economic and political status. It demonstrates how self-expectations and beliefs about relative ability shaped women's decisions to lean out of competitive environments when representing others; how descriptive norm nudges that favored women and focused on their gains incited male reactance in hiring; and how in the aftermath of the Egyptian Revolution, Egyptian men updated their attitudes towards women's role in society.

Download or read book Gender China and the World Trade Organization written by Günseli Berik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s joining the World Trade Organization at the end of 2001 signifies a milestone in the country’s global integration after two decades of economic reforms that have fundamentally transformed the economic organization of China. This collection seeks to identify the gendered implications within China of the country’s transition from socialism to a market economy and its opening up to international trade and investment. The changes have created greater wealth for some, while at the same time, serious gender, class, ethnic, and regional disparities have also emerged. Drawing from historical, analytical, and policy-oriented work, the essays in this collection explore women’s well-being relative to men’s in rural and urban China by looking at land rights, labor-market status and labor rights, household decision-making, health, the representation of women in advertising and beauty pageants. This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal, Feminist Economics, the official journal of the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE). All contributions have been subjected to the journal's rigorous peer review process and comply with the journal's editorial policies, as overseen by the editor, Diana Strassmann, and the journal's editorial team, including the associate editors, the editorial board, numerous volunteer reviewers, and the journal's in-house editorial staff and freelance style editors. The special issue and book have been made possible by the generous financial support of Rice University and the Ford Foundation-Beijing.

Download or read book Essays on Gender Differences in Economic Decision making written by Jenny Säve-Söderbergh and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Gender and Governance written by Martha Craven Nussbaum and published by MacMillan India. This book was released on 2005 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between gender and governance has too often been neglected in both theoretical and empirical work. Until very recently, most influential political thought has been built around a conceptual distinction between the public realm of politics, military affairs, and administration, and the private realm of family and domestic life. Women s role, in a wide range of traditions and in theoretical work influenced by them, has typically been associated with the private realm, and men s role with the public realm. The public/private distinction has been thoroughly criticized as being in many ways misleading and untenable. Nonetheless, it continues to influence both theoretical and empirical work, with the result that women s efforts to gain a voice in governance have often been ignored. The papers in this volume aim to set the record straight. They advance a theoretical structure, both positive and normative, within which the question of gendered governance may usefully be pursued. They also analyze some current developments that indicate many ways in which women are actively participating in governance, in both government and the institutions of civil society, and the obstacles that remain. The essays in this volume are the outcome of a year long collaborative exploration of the multiple factors that influence the process of engendering governance in complex societies, in particular the changing roles of various actors including women s movements, the state and civil society.

Download or read book Gender and Economics written by Jane Humphries and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents 27 articles dating from 1923 to 1994 on gender differences, female labour supply, male-female wage differences and on the historical significance of women's work.

Download or read book Borderlands of Economics written by Nahid Aslanbeigui and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-23 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there has been increasing discontent with the abstract nature of mainstream economics. The book explores the ways in which economics might be reconnected, both with the real world and with other disciplines.

Download or read book Essays on Conflict Gender and Household Decision making written by Evelina Bonnier and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visibility and Power written by Leela Dube and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1986 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These nineteen articles by an international roster of scholars examine three important issues in the anthropology of women: "Visibility and Invisibility," "Women, Power, and Authority," and "Women and Development."

Download or read book Group Gender Composition and Economic Decision making written by Karine Lamiraud and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth written by Raquel Fernández and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.

Download or read book Essays in Behavioral Political Economy written by Cecilia Hyun Jung Mo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters that underscore the importance of viewing decision makers as boundedly rational (Kahneman 2003; Simon 1955, 1979). Each study highlights the fact that behavioral decision theory and social psychology can help scholars understand choices made by important political and economic actors. My first two studies focus on an important group of political actors -- voters. I find that voters act in an environment where optimal decision theory does not always provide a compelling account of voting behaviors that are observed empirically. Behavioral theories regarding affect and conscious versus unconscious attitudes are drawn upon to reconsider retrospective voting and the consequences of a candidate's ascriptive characteristics (e.g., gender and race) in elections, respectively. The third project focuses on individuals as economic agents, and seeks to apply behavioral decision theory to understand an important public policy problem -- human trafficking vulnerability. Motivated to understand why some individuals are more vulnerable to being exploited than others, I draw upon an aspiration-based framework and empirically test my predictions with original field data collected in Nepal, a country heavily affected by human trafficking. My first chapter reconsiders models of rational behavior that posit that people behave in a careful and reasoned manner, basing their voting decisions on relevant data such as evaluations of incumbent performance or reasoned consideration of candidate stances on policy issues. We ask the following: does information and events irrelevant to government performance, yet still consequential to an individual's sense of well-being, af- fect the decisions that voters make in the polling booth? Does information irrelevant to government performance affect voting behavior? If so, how does this help us understand the mecha- nisms underlying voters' retrospective assessments of candidates' performance in office? To precisely test for the effects of irrelevant information, we explore the electoral impact of local college football games just before an election, irrelevant events that government has nothing to do with and for which no government response would be expected. We find that a win in the 10 days before Election Day causes the incumbent to receive an additional 1.61 percentage points of the vote in Senate, gubernatorial, and presidential elections, with the effect being larger for teams with stronger fan support. In addition to conducting placebo tests based on post-election games, we demonstrate these effects by using the betting market's estimate of a team's probability of winning the game before it occurs to isolate the surprise component of game outcomes. We corroborate these aggregate-level results with a survey that we conducted during the 2009 NCAA men's college basketball tournament, where we find that surprising wins and losses affect presidential approval. An experiment embedded within the survey also indicates that personal well-being may influence voting decisions on a subconscious level. We find that making people more aware of the reasons for their current state of mind reduces the effect that irrelevant events have on their opinions. These findings underscore the subtle power of irrelevant events in shaping important real-world decisions and suggest ways in which decision making can be improved. My second chapter builds on work of researchers in cognitive psychology, who have proposed that there are two distinct cognitive systems underlying reasoning. Dual process theories of the mind find that both automatic and unconscious type 1 processing that results in "implicit" attitudes, and controlled and effortful type 2 processing that results in "explicit" attitudes can be active concurrently, and the two cognitive operations compete for the control of overt responses. In this project, I ask what are the consequences of "two minds" in the judgment of voters? Dual process theories of the mind suggest that ignoring implicit attitudes in the study of vote choice largely underestimates the relationship between attitudes on ascriptive characteristics and the judgment of voters, and overlooks the possibility that socially undesirable forms of prejudice can be overridden in certain contexts. Empirical tests of the consequence of dual cognitive processes on voting behavior are conducted by analyzing the relationship between explicit and implicit measures of gender attitudes on vote choice using an original survey experiment (study 1). The implications of a "two minds" hypothesis are tested in a second domain of prejudice by studying the effects of explicit and implicit racial attitudes on the 2008 Presidential election between Barack Obama and John McCain using a nationally representative sample (study 2). In both cases, the predictions of dual process theories of the mind hold. Both explicit and implicit attitudes of ascriptive characteristics (e.g., gender and race) are non-redundant consequential predictors of vote choice. Further, when an individual is motivated and capable of overriding implicit attitudes, the effects of implicit attitudes on vote choice are largely overridden by the effortful and reflective explicit attitude. The two studies jointly point to the significance of a dual process account of reasoning in understanding the manifestation of voter prejudice in the ballot box. My third chapter studies vulnerability to being trafficked, which often stems from a willingness to acquiesce to dangerous economic opportunities (e.g., having one's child migrate far away from home without his/her family for work). In this research project, my claim is the following: an increased salience in relative deprivation can lead individuals to be more risk-seeking, putting themselves and their children at risk for modern forms of slavery. I hypothesize that the mechanism by which this occurs is as follows. Drawing on prospect theory and the theory of reference groups, I posit that information regarding others' relative wealth partitions the space of outcomes into a positive and negative region. When relative wealth is made salient, one's reference point is no longer their status quo endowment. Rather their aspiration or reference point is the higher or lower endowment held by others within their cognitive window -- those in their socio-economic and spatial neighborhood. It is then possible for expected utility from economic opportunities to be below one's reference point. One's perceived relative deprivation can then place a person in the domain of bad (below-aspirations) payoffs, and according to the prospect theory value function, this individual would be more likely to exhibit risk-seeking behavior as a result. Using a controlled survey experiment conducted in trafficking-prone areas of Nepal with a subject pool representing the target population, I find that perceived relative deprivation, a sense that one's wealth falls below some salient point of reference, induces more risk-seeking behavior with regards to economic opportunities. Additionally, using nationally-representative district-level data from Nepal on relative deprivation and trafficking incidence, I find macro-level evidence that is consistent with my micro-level evidence of perceived relative poverty explaining variation in vulnerability.

Download or read book Global Women s Work written by Beth English and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume considers how women are shaping the global economic landscape through their labor, activism, and multiple discourses about work. Bringing together an interdisciplinary group of international scholars, the book offers a gendered examination of work in the global economy and analyses the effects of the 2008 downturn on women’s labor force participation and workplace activism. The book addresses three key themes: exploitation versus opportunity; women’s agency within the context of changing economic options; and women’s negotiations and renegotiations of unpaid social reproductive labor. This uniquely interdisciplinary and comparative analysis will be crucial reading for anyone with an interest in gender and the post-crisis world.

Download or read book Essays on Social Networks written by Anja Prummer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the role of social networks in economic decision making. In the first chapter I am interested in optimal targeting in networks. In particular, I analyze what happens when two opposing lobby groups consider the politician not only as an individual, but as part of a network, who influences other politicians. I model the network structure explicitly and allow for heterogeneous politicians, that is politicians can be in favour of one of the lobby groups or neutral. The optimal targeting strategy depends on how much politicians influence each other, the magnitude of their bias, their centrality in the network and what bias the politicians connected to them have. In the second chapter, we build a theory that connects differences in workers' social networks to disparities in their labour market performance. A worker with more friends, that is someone with more network links (higher degree), has better access to information. A worker whose friends are friends among each other (higher clustering coefficient) faces a higher level of peer pressure. Both access to information and peer pressure affect performance on the job. Our model allows us to rank different networks in terms of job performance. We then proceed to show that men's and women's networks differ. Men have a higher degree than women, but women have a higher clustering coefficient. These network disparities translate into differences in performance as well as wages, thereby offering a novel explanation for the gender wage gap. The third chapter offers a novel explanation for differences in the integration experience of immigrant communities in host societies through a model which emphasises the role of group leaders. We present a model of integration with distinct channels for social influence and skills acquisition and with a role for group leaders that benefit from their groups maintaining a distinct identity. In the long run, full integration is achieved only with flexible leaders, which themselves adapt over time. In the presence of rigid leaders that adopt an inflexible position, integration can remain incomplete, with integration levels higher for individuals of higher ability.

Download or read book Women and Trade written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.

Download or read book Women and Gender Equity in Development Theory and Practice written by Jane S. Jaquette and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-27 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seeking to catalyze innovative thinking and practice within the field of women and gender in development, editors Jane S. Jaquette and Gale Summerfield have brought together scholars, policymakers, and development workers to reflect on where the field is today and where it is headed. The contributors draw from their experiences and research in Latin America, Asia, and Africa to illuminate the connections between women’s well-being and globalization, environmental conservation, land rights, access to information technology, employment, and poverty alleviation. Highlighting key institutional issues, contributors analyze the two approaches that dominate the field: women in development (WID) and gender and development (GAD). They assess the results of gender mainstreaming, the difficulties that development agencies have translating gender rhetoric into equity in practice, and the conflicts between gender and the reassertion of indigenous cultural identities. Focusing on resource allocation, contributors explore the gendered effects of land privatization, the need to challenge cultural traditions that impede women’s ability to assert their legal rights, and women’s access to bureaucratic levers of power. Several essays consider women’s mobilizations, including a project to provide Internet access and communications strategies to African NGOs run by women. In the final essay, Irene Tinker, one of the field’s founders, reflects on the interactions between policy innovation and women’s organizing over the three decades since women became a focus of development work. Together the contributors bridge theory and practice to point toward productive new strategies for women and gender in development. Contributors. Maruja Barrig, Sylvia Chant, Louise Fortmann, David Hirschmann, Jane S. Jaquette, Diana Lee-Smith, Audrey Lustgarten, Doe Mayer, Faranak Miraftab, Muadi Mukenge, Barbara Pillsbury, Amara Pongsapich, Elisabeth Prügl, Kirk R. Smith, Kathleen Staudt, Gale Summerfield, Irene Tinker, Catalina Hinchey Trujillo

Download or read book Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development written by Jane L. Parpart and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2000 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development demytsifies the theory of gender and development and shows how it plays an important role in everyday life. It explores the evolution of gender and development theory, introduces competing theoretical frameworks, and examines new and emerging debates. The focus is on the implications of theory for policy and practice, and the need to theorize gender and development to create a more egalitarian society. This book is intended for classroom and workshop use in the fields ofdevelopment studies, development theory, gender and development, and women's studies. Its clear and straightforward prose will be appreciated by undergraduate and seasoned professional, alike. Classroom exercises, study questions, activities, and case studies are included. It is designed for use in both formal and nonformal educational settings.