Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Mergers and Acquisitions written by Stefan Ebner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Two Essays on Mergers and Acquisitions written by Shaojie Lai and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than $ 4.74 trillion has been spent on the corporate takeover in 2017. Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) come in waves and their activity is cyclical by nature. For example, the M&A activity fell sharply in the 2008 financial crisis along with lower deal values and difficulties with financing. Given the importance of M&A events on the real economy, this dissertation primary focus on two important aspects of mergers and attempts to reconcile the issues in current studies in a short but precise manner. In the first chapter of my dissertation, I focus on the withdrawn deals. Numerous studies have examined complete M&A activities, but the literature on withdrawn acquisitions is scarce. About 20% of deals were withdrawn during 1981 to 2015. In the first chapter of this dissertation, I apply a comprehensive mergers and acquisitions withdrawal sample and find that target firms close to their 52-week high prices have lower withdrawal probabilities, larger withdrawal returns, longer withdrawal duration and tend to receive higher revisions of offering prices in renegotiation. In addition, the research herein identifies that the reference price ratios of the target firms have asymmetric effects between in-wave and out-wave withdrawn acquisitions. Chapter two of this dissertation examines the underlying motives for public bidders paying higher acquisition premia than private acquirers. A high short interest, proxy for overvaluation, has a significantly negative impact on the acquisition premium, especially among private bidders. Using a multiples-based market-to-book decomposition of Rhodes-Kropf et al. (2005), I find that acquisition premia of public acquirers are mainly affected by the target firm's misvaluation, while premia of private acquirers are not affected by the market-to-book components. In addition, I find that both firm and industry misvaluation have significant effects on the acquisition premia of public acquirers with lower level of institutional ownership, while the long-term growth has a significant effect on the premia paid by public acquirers with higher level of institutional ownership. This dissertation contributes to the literature by illustrating the importance and uniqueness of withdrawn deals and private bidders in the M&A process.
Download or read book Success Factors of International Mergers and Acquisitions written by Eduard Fuchs and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-09 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,7, University of Kent (Kent Business School), language: English, abstract: The history of mankind is marked by the striving of a person to surpass oneself. In the early days growth was mainly achieved by enlarging the own family, and during the times of sedentarisation growth was achieved by claiming more areas of arable land. These two human characteristics have survived to the present day and have been transferred into modern world economy - on the one hand striving for more and on the other hand the increase of own power or influence. Nowadays those men are called entrepreneurs, and they take care of these things in the economic world through Mergers and Acquisitions. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that this kind of enterprise growth has found more and more approval in the course of the last years. It is easy to recognize that development by comparing the impressively increasing transaction volumes. That this trend will obviously continue has been confirmed by one of the most recent surveys conducted by the Boston Consulting Group (Kronimus et al., 2009). According to the survey every fifth company in Europe plans an acquisition in the year 2010 - in spite of the continuing economic crisis. These figures look impressive, but if one gets deeper into the subject, one realises that almost 70% of these mergers do not achieve the intended objectives (Palmer, n.d.), or are even regarded as a complete failure (Habeck et al., 2000). Remarkable is the fact that there are even unsuccessful mergers involving financially sound companies. Therefore, it can be concluded that the success of a merger or a takeover not only depends on the financial evaluation of the involved organisations but rather that there must be other factors which play a significant role. These other factors will be identified in this paper and their importance will be critically discussed.
Download or read book Essays on Horizontal Mergers and Antitrust written by Przemyslaw Jeziorski and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis contributes to understanding the economics of mergers and acquisitions. It provides new empirical techniques to study these processes, based on structural, game theoretical models. In particular, it makes two main contributions. In Chapter 2, I study the issues arising when mergers take place in a two-sided market. In such markets, firms face two interrelated demand curves, which complicates the decision making process and makes standard merger models inapplicable. In Chapter 3, I provide a general framework to identify cost synergies from mergers without using cost data. The estimator is based on a dynamic model with endogenous mergers and product repositioning. Both chapters contain an abstract model that can be tailored to many markets, as well as a specific application to the merger wave in the U.S. radio industry.
Download or read book Mergers and Economic Efficiency Proceedings of a workshop and supplementary papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Mergers and Acquisitions written by Nabil El Meslmani and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three essays. In the first essay, we examine the behavior of the implied volatility of both target and acquirer firms around merger and acquisition announcements. We find that option implied volatility is related to the bidder firm’s announcement cumulative abnormal return (CAR-Bidder), the choice of the method of payment as well as the probability that the deal will be concluded successfully. Specifically, we show that target implied volatility not only drops at the announcement day but moves towards the acquirer implied volatility post acquisition announcement for stock or mixed deals. Moreover, we find that the method of payment is related to the post announcement target implied volatility, and we document that target implied volatilities are lower in cash deals. The probability of deal success is significantly negatively affected by the spread between the actual target’s implied volatility two days after the announcement and its theoretical value. The greater the difference between the target’s implied volatility and its theoretical value, the lower the probability of successful deal completion. Next, we rely on the average of the implied volatility as a proxy for expected risk and the volatility of the implied volatility as a proxy for uncertainty about expected risk. We show that the CAR-Bidder decreases with an increase in both the expected risk and the uncertainty about expected risk of the bidder firm for stock or mixed deals. We also illustrate that the probability of a cash offer is decreasing in the expected risk and the uncertainty about expected risk of both bidder and target firms. We also find that the probability of deal success is decreasing in bidder’s expected risk. Our measures related to risk and uncertainty about risk contain information additional to common proxies for asymmetric information and uncertainty used in the literature such as the standard deviation of analysts’ forecasts and idiosyncratic volatility. The second essay examines whether the puzzling negative relationship between idiosyncratic volatility and next month performance is affected by the intensity of merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in the market. Our results show that the idiosyncratic volatility puzzle is stronger in periods of high M&A activity than in periods of low M&A activity. Further analysis shows that the negative relationship between idiosyncratic volatility and next month performance is the strongest in the high M&A activity sub-period spanning from 1982-1989. In contrast, M&A activity does not explain the negative relationship between the common factor in idiosyncratic volatility (CIV) and the next month’s performance. M&A activity can in part explain the idiosyncratic volatility puzzle, but it does not subsume the negative relationship between CIV exposure and firm returns.The third essay investigates how investor sentiment affects mergers and acquisitions. Our results show that periods of higher market sentiment are associated with a lower likelihood of observing a Cash-Only offer. We also find that for stock and mixed offers, periods of higher market sentiment are associated with lower bidder announcement returns, higher target bargaining power, and lower synergy. Our findings are consistent with Barker and Wu’s (2012) argument that associates periods of higher market sentiment with greater overpricing. These results are consistent with the argument that higher overpricing results in bidder firms opting for stock or mixed deals. However, this will also lead bidder investors to react more negatively to these non-cash offer announcements, target investors to bargain more if they are to be paid in stock (fully or partially), and the market to anticipate lower total synergy as the deal may be driven by the stock overpricing rather than the maximization of synergy. Next, we find that target firm runups are, on average, higher in periods of higher market sentiment. This relationship is not observed in the premium, which is unrelated to investor sentiment. The differing results of the runup and the premium is interesting as we expected to find a relationship between runup and premium similar to the markup pricing hypothesis of Schwert (1996). It appears that in periods of higher investor sentiment there is a higher runup potentially associated with the overreaction of optimistic investors. However, bidder firms’ management realize that this excessive runup is not an increase in the stand-alone value of the target firm and they price the deal accordingly.
Download or read book Mergers and Productivity written by Steven N. Kaplan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mergers and Productivity offers probing analyses of high-profile mergers in a variety of industries. Focusing on specific acquisitions, it illustrates the remarkable range of contingencies involved in any merger attempt. The authors clearly establish each merger's presumed objectives and the potential costs and benefits of the acquisition, and place it within the context of the broader industry. Striking conclusions that emerge from these case studies are that merger and acquisition activities were associated with technological or regulatory shocks, and that a merger's success or failure was dependent upon the acquirer's thorough understanding of the target, its corporate culture, and its workforce and wage structures prior to acquisition. Sifting through a wealth of carefully gathered evidence, these papers capture the richness, the complexity, and the economic intangibles inherent in contemporary merger activity in a way that large-scale studies of mergers cannot.
Download or read book Mergers and Acquisitions Perspectives written by Simon Peck and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2002 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set includes articles from the four main fields which have influenced the study of Mergers and Acquisitions: Economics, Finance, Strategic Management and Human Resource Management. Featuring the key papers by individuals who shaped the field, the collection presents these formative pieces in thematically grouped sections, including coverage of: * Perspectives on the modern business corporation and the role of mergers and acquisitions: historical, financial, strategic and management * Causes of mergers and acquisitions activity * Performance impact of mergers and acquisitions activity * Public policy and the corporation The set features a comprehensive index and original introductory material.
Download or read book Essays on Mergers Acquisitions and Innovation written by Yu Yu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While innovation and growth can be promoted internally through focus on research and development (R&D), many firms find acquisition from external sources to be a speedy and attractive alternative. Despite the numerous theories of merger and acquisition (M&A) in the literature, no empirical study has tackled the problem of target selection in an acquisition. The existing studies on M&A outcomes also fail to control for the endogenous matching between the acquirer and the target. Essay 1 of this dissertation is the first to study the target selection criteria in an empirical setting. It quantifies the elusive concept of synergy by developing new measures of similarity and complementarily between the acquirer and the target that are more comprehensive than the existing measures in the literature. Using an innovative application of the discrete choice model, I find that firms use acquisition to promote growth and innovation in areas of strategic interest. Specifically, acquirers choose target firms whose product markets match their own R&D projects, and target firms whose R&D projects match their own product markets. Essay 2 enriches the modeling approach for merger partner selection in essay 1. I use a game-theoretic matching model and study the impact of matching on merger performance. With a Bayesian estimation method, I apply the model to 1895 mergers in five high-tech industries that occurred between 1992 and 2008. I find that the unobserved strategic fit between the two merging partners has a significant effect on the post-merger innovation abilities of the combined firm. Managers wisely choose merger partners that deepen their technical knowledge, but under-estimate the challenges in integrating foreign partners and partners with similar technology. I also find evidence of estimation bias due to matching induced endogeneity. Essay 3 of the dissertation is a comprehensive review of the M&A related research published in top marketing journals. This review will provide marketing scholars with a research background on M&A, both in terms of theories and marketing applications of those theories. This review will help readers to appreciate the contribution made by marketing researchers to M&A knowledge, and hopefully inspire more marketing scholars to incorporate M&A topic in their research.
Download or read book Essays on the Law of Mergers and Acquisitions written by Fernan Restrepo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Success factors of international Mergers Acquisitions written by Eduard Fuchs and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-09-03 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,7, University of Kent (Kent Business School), language: English, abstract: The history of mankind is marked by the striving of a person to surpass oneself. In the early days growth was mainly achieved by enlarging the own family, and during the times of sedentarisation growth was achieved by claiming more areas of arable land. These two human characteristics have survived to the present day and have been transferred into modern world economy – on the one hand striving for more and on the other hand the increase of own power or influence. Nowadays those men are called entrepreneurs, and they take care of these things in the economic world through Mergers and Acquisitions. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that this kind of enterprise growth has found more and more approval in the course of the last years. It is easy to recognize that development by comparing the impressively increasing transaction volumes. That this trend will obviously continue has been confirmed by one of the most recent surveys conducted by the Boston Consulting Group (Kronimus et al., 2009). According to the survey every fifth company in Europe plans an acquisition in the year 2010 – in spite of the continuing economic crisis. These figures look impressive, but if one gets deeper into the subject, one realises that almost 70% of these mergers do not achieve the intended objectives (Palmer, n.d.), or are even regarded as a complete failure (Habeck et al., 2000). Remarkable is the fact that there are even unsuccessful mergers involving financially sound companies. Therefore, it can be concluded that the success of a merger or a takeover not only depends on the financial evaluation of the involved organisations but rather that there must be other factors which play a significant role. These other factors will be identified in this paper and their importance will be critically discussed.
Download or read book Selected Essays in Empirical Asset Pricing written by Christian Funke and published by Springer DE. This book was released on 2008-06-26 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian Funke aims at developing a better understanding of a central asset pricing issue: the stock price discovery process in capital markets. Using U.S. capital market data, he investigates the importance of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) for stock prices and examines economic links between customer and supplier firms. The empirical investigations document return predictability and show that capital markets are not perfectly efficient.
Download or read book Mergers and Acquisitions written by Jonathan Galloway and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the competition concerns arising out of mergers and acquisitions, the reasons for merger control and the fundamental options that face all jurisdictions intent on implementing an effective merger control regime. The chosen articles mainly, but not exclusively, focus on the US and EU, and several adopt a cross-disciplinary approach encompassing law, political science and economics. The volume acts as a guide through the development of merger control law, policy and scholarly thought and includes commentary on each of the key stages of any effective merger control regime.
Download or read book Essays on Merger and Innovation written by Gusang Kang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mergers Sell Offs and Economic Efficiency written by David J. Ravenscraft and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the consolidation and merger of corporations and corporate divestiture in the United States.
Download or read book Towards a Rediscovery of Organizational Politics written by Eero Vaara and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mergers and Acquisitions Motivaton written by Simon Peck and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2002 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set includes articles from the four main fields which have influenced the study of Mergers and Acquisitions: Economics, Finance, Strategic Management and Human Resource Management. Featuring the key papers by individuals who shaped the field, the collection presents these formative pieces in thematically grouped sections, including coverage of: * Perspectives on the modern business corporation and the role of mergers and acquisitions: historical, financial, strategic and management * Causes of mergers and acquisitions activity * Performance impact of mergers and acquisitions activity * Public policy and the corporation The set features a comprehensive index and original introductory material.
