Download or read book Essays on the Determinants of Self employment written by Edvard Johansson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Self employment of Young Workers written by Taehyun Ahn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Academic interest in self-employment has grown rapidly in recent decades. However, relatively little is known about the longitudinal patterns of young self-employed workers. In the first essay, I examine the patterns of self-employment that appear in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79). I find that most of self-employed workers hold wage jobs before entering self-employment and come back to wage sector after experiencing one or two self-employment spells. Self-employment jobs differ in terms of industry distribution, for both men and women and they are - female self-employment jobs, in particular - likely to entail changes in industry. Additionally, I find that female self-employment spells are more likely to be followed by a large percent of time nonemployed and a small percent of time in the same industry compared to the wage employment while the opposite are true for the male self-employment spells. Risk tolerance and liquidity constraints are widely believed to be key determinants of self-employment, but their independent effects have proved difficult to identify. In the second essay, I specify a theoretical model that illustrates how individual risk tolerance and liquidity constraints affect the decision to become self-employed. I then tackle the empirical identification problem by constructing a measure of risk tolerance that is corrected for reporting error, varies with age and assets, and allows for the endogeneity of assets. In contrast to previous studies that use regional variation in housing prices as an instrument for assets, I address the fact that housing appreciation affects homeowners and nonowners differently. I find that risk tolerant workers are more likely to be self-employed than are their less risk tolerant counterparts. However, net asset levels have an insignificant effect on self-employment entry once absolute risk tolerance is properly taken into account. The absence of successful businesses owned by minorities, and by blacks in particular, is a concern for policy makers. In the third essay, I exploit detailed work history data in the NLSY79 to provide new evidence on the reasons behind the race gap in self-employment. My analysis of an "age uniform" sample of men, all of whom are observed from age 22 to age 40, reveals that racial differences in cross-sectional self-employment rates are largely due to the fact that minority workers' self-employment spells are relatively short-lived. Moreover, I find that minority workers' relatively high exit rates from self-employment are caused primarily by transitions to nonemployment. Estimates from a multinomial logit model of self-employment exits suggest that minority workers' weak attachment to the labor market prior to entering self-employment is an important determinant of their self-employment to nonemployment transitions, while lack of prior industry and self-employment experience contributes to minorities' transitions to nonself-employment.

Download or read book Essays on Business Ownership and Self employment written by Robert Munk and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three chapters on self-employment and business ownership. In the first chapter, I re-examine the earnings differential between self- and wage-employed men. Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I find that the timing and (voluntary or involuntary) nature of men’s transitions into self-employment are important determinants of whether they receive wage-gains. I find that when a man transitions from wage-employment to self-employment voluntarily and early in his career, his wage is predicted to increase contemporaneously by 31%. The magnitude of this increase is 2.6 times larger than the predicted wage change associated with a voluntary, early-career transition to a new wage job. Conversely, I find that when a man transitions from wage-employment to self-employment involuntarily and late in his career, his predicted wage decreases contemporaneously by 18%. The magnitude of this decrease is larger than the predicted 13% wage decrease associated with an involuntary, late career transition to a new wage job. In the second chapter, motivated by the finding that partnered men and women are more likely to become business owners than are their single counterparts, I ask whether the observed marriage and cohabitation effects are a result of partner income. Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I first show that when partner income is included as a control, the marriage and cohabitation effects decrease substantially for women, while the effects persist for men. Second, I show that the marriage and cohabitation effects vary with partner income for women but not men. For example, a woman whose husband’s income is in the fifth quintile is 1.9 times more likely to transition to business ownership than a woman whose husband’s income is in the second quintile for men. On the other hand, a married man with a high-income wife is no more or less likely to transition to business ownership than a married man with a low-income wife. In the third chapter, re-examine Lazear’s (2005) jack-of-all-trades theory. Using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I ask, what are the wage gains associated with a self-employed worker’s prior occupational experience? Overall, I find results consistent with Lazear’s theory, which suggests that the returns to occupational specialization are substantially larger for wage workers than the self-employed. I predict that self-employed workers with ten years of prior occupational experience earn a wage that is only 3.2% greater than do self-employed workers with two years of prior occupational experience. However, for wage workers I predict that the wage gains associated with a ten year increase in prior occupational experience (zero to ten years) is 2.1 times larger than the wage gains associated with a two year increase (zero to two years) in prior occupational experience.

Download or read book Determinants of Self employment written by Gerrit de Wit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of five years of research that I carried out as a research fellow at the Faculty of Economics and Econometrics of the University of Amsterdam. The project was initiated in 1986 by Frans van Winden and Roy Thurik. Frans van Winden became interested in self employment through his work concerning government behavior. In the models that he employs, the government is influenced by various social groups, the political strength of which is related to their size. As one of these is the group of self-employed individuals, he became interested in determinants of the size of this group. Roy Thurik was professionally interested in the subject because of his work at the Research Institute for Small and Medium-sized Business in the Netherlands (EIM), an institute that does much research in this area. Together, they wrote a proposal for a research project, for which they received funding from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs . These funds were supplemented by the University of Amsterdam and at a later stage by the Organization for the Advancement of Research in the Economic Discipline (ECOZOEK), that is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). This support is gratefully acknowiedged. The commercial edition of this book was partIy financed by the Centre for Energy Conservation and Environmental Technology (CE), the Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decisionmaking (CREED), and the University of Amsterdam.

Download or read book Determinants of Self employment written by Gerrit de Wit and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of five years of research that I carried out as a research fellow at the Faculty of Economics and Econometrics of the University of Amsterdam. The project was initiated in 1986 by Frans van Winden and Roy Thurik. Frans van Winden became interested in self employment through his work concerning government behavior. In the models that he employs, the government is influenced by various social groups, the political strength of which is related to their size. As one of these is the group of self-employed individuals, he became interested in determinants of the size of this group. Roy Thurik was professionally interested in the subject because of his work at the Research Institute for Small and Medium-sized Business in the Netherlands (EIM), an institute that does much research in this area. Together, they wrote a proposal for a research project, for which they received funding from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs . These funds were supplemented by the University of Amsterdam and at a later stage by the Organization for the Advancement of Research in the Economic Discipline (ECOZOEK), that is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). This support is gratefully acknowiedged. The commercial edition of this book was partIy financed by the Centre for Energy Conservation and Environmental Technology (CE), the Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decisionmaking (CREED), and the University of Amsterdam.

Download or read book Essays on Self employment written by Moira K. Daly and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Self employment and Entrepreneurship written by Alejandro Gabriel Rasteletti and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ageing Organisations and Management written by Iiris Aaltio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores critical perspectives on ageing in organisations and offers both managerial and workplace practices for dealing with this prominent issue. The collection provides cross-disciplinary research on the discursive and mythological aspects of ageing at work as well as recent studies of the relationship between age and innovation, talent, careers, and workplace transitions. The book brings together authors from Europe, North America and Australia. By addressing current societal challenges and offering insights on ageing at work, this book will be of interest to those involved in human resource management, workplace organisation and the sociology of work.

Download or read book Self Employment Small Firms and Enterprise written by Peter Urwin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph considers issues that are central to our understanding of self-employment in the UK. The author begins with a review on the evidence of the role of self employment and entrepreneurship in employment creation. The discussion ten moves on to consider self-employment as a route for advancement of many groups in society that face disadvantage in the labour market. The author concludes by considering the role of government in this relationship.

Download or read book Determinants of Self employment and Entrepreneurship in Nebraska written by Lu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inter industry Variation in the Determinants of Self employment written by Theresa J. Devine and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Self employment written by Sadaf Sadaf and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Start Ups and SMEs Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 1687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smaller companies are abundant in the business realm and outnumber large companies by a wide margin. To maintain a competitive edge against other businesses, companies must ensure the most effective strategies and procedures are in place. This is particularly critical in smaller business environments that have fewer resources. Start-Ups and SMEs: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a vital reference source that examines the strategies and concepts that will assist small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve competitiveness. It also explores the latest advances and developments for creating a system of shared values and beliefs in small business environments. Highlighting a range of topics such as entrepreneurship, innovative behavior, and organizational sustainability, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for entrepreneurs, business managers, executives, managing directors, academicians, business professionals, researchers, and graduate-level students.

Download or read book Self Employment Activities of Women and Minorities written by Ursula Apitzsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-08 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discussion on new forms of non-privileged self-employment of women and minorities is usually divided into separate discourses on women’s opportunities on the one hand and ethnic business on the other. The focus in the discussion about the special resources of migrant entrepreneurship has been above all on the assumed collective traditions of ethnic business and not on the individual emancipative resources of the self-employed. This book has brought the two discourses together. While women and migrants are most vulnerable to social exclusion on the labour market, at the same time they are subjects of unrecognized resources for self-employment that have to be taken into account under the special conditions of social citizenship policies in the European Union.

Download or read book Essays on Nonstandard Determinants of Labor Supply written by Simon Georges-Kot and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents four independent works examining nonstandard determinants of labor supply. The first two chapters build on the unique features of public holidays and school holidays in France to study workers' demand for joint leisure time. The first chapter focuses on couples and reveals that when some workers are exogenously constrained to take additional paid leave at certain points in time, their spouse also tends to take more time off at these moments, even when this is costly. The second chapter moves beyond the household to show that similar exogenous increases in the amount of leisure time enjoyed by workers living with children at specific moments induce very significant synchronous increases in the demand for leisure of workers living in other households. The last two chapters study the relationship between private wealth and labor supply. In the third chapter, we examine the effect of inheritance on the retirement behavior of older workers. We find that inheritance receipt has very significant effects on instantaneous retirement probabilities, and we provide empirical evidence that risk aversion and liquidity constraints are important channels for this effect. In the last chapter, we study the evolution over time of the effect of inheritance receipt and real-estate price variations on entry into self-employment. We find that the effect of both of these sources of variation of wealth on men's entry into self-employment has decreased over time, suggesting a relaxation of financial constraints on entry into self-employment in recent years.

Download or read book The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money written by John Maynard Keynes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was originally published by Macmillan in 1936. It was voted the top Academic Book that Shaped Modern Britain by Academic Book Week (UK) in 2017, and in 2011 was placed on Time Magazine's top 100 non-fiction books written in English since 1923. Reissued with a fresh Introduction by the Nobel-prize winner Paul Krugman and a new Afterword by Keynes’ biographer Robert Skidelsky, this important work is made available to a new generation. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money transformed economics and changed the face of modern macroeconomics. Keynes’ argument is based on the idea that the level of employment is not determined by the price of labour, but by the spending of money. It gave way to an entirely new approach where employment, inflation and the market economy are concerned. Highly provocative at its time of publication, this book and Keynes’ theories continue to remain the subject of much support and praise, criticism and debate. Economists at any stage in their career will enjoy revisiting this treatise and observing the relevance of Keynes’ work in today’s contemporary climate.

Download or read book Entrepreneurship and New Firm written by David J. Storey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, originally published in 1982, review the resurrection of the small firm, partly by a multi-disciplined examination of the existing literature on small and new firms and partly by reporting the results of a study of firms new (in the early 1980s) to the North East of England. Part 1 deals with the role of small firms as sources of potential or actual competition, and their role in research and innovation. In Part 2 the theoretical foundations for the study of entrepreneurs and their new firms are laid, using concepts from a cross-section of the social sciences. Part 3 tests some of the theories outlined in Part 2 and reviews the problems which the entrepreneurs faced in starting and developing their business and the impact which such businesses had upon the local economy. Part 4 reviews the lessons of the preceding parts in the context of the regional and national economy of the UK.