Download or read book Essays on the Children In Developing Countries written by Dhanushka Thamarapani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Welfare of Children in Developing Countries written by Emanuela Galasso and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Child Development in Developing Countries written by Sarah Davidson Humpage and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Children s Services in the Developing World written by Najat M'Jid and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children’s services in The Developing World brings together evidence relating to the health and development of children in the global South. It is essential reading for students, scientists, policy makers and practitioners in economically developing countries. The book deals with the effects of catastrophe, disease, war and poverty on children's development. There is strong coverage of the ways in which children cope with even the most inauspicious of circumstances. Evidence is provided on the incidence of impairment to health and development. As well as establishing the risks to child well-being in the economic South, the book shows how to intervene to address those risks. Examples of good practice rigorously evaluated will be of interest to everyone seeking to improve the lives of children, whether that be in economically developed or developing nations.

Download or read book The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child written by James R. Himes and published by Incumbent. This book was released on 1993 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing international consensus exists that societies have an obligation to promote and protect children's rights to survival, protection, participation, and development. These three essays consider UNICEF's role in implementing the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. "The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: More Than a New Utopia?" discusses obstacles to the effective implementation of the Convention, urging UNICEF and other organizations to take up the challenge of meeting the goals of the Convention. Three ways the Convention can be used to good effect are discussed, and four practical steps from the field of development or social planning for implementation of the Convention are identified. "Reflections on Indicators Concerning the Rights of the Child" discusses indicators that measure human rights performance relating to children in developing countries. Two initiatives of UNICEF's International Child Development Centre in Florence, Italy, are described, and types of indicators and reporting and monitoring processes are considered. "Children's Rights: Opportunities, Dilemmas and Pitfalls Facing UNICEF and Its Partners" suggests that UNICEF must strengthen its capacity to play a more active role in implementing the Convention. How this role is likely to involve UNICEF in controversial and politically sensitive issues is discussed, as are the negotiating, political, technical, and hands-on skills UNICEF must acquire to meet this challenge. (TM).

Download or read book Essays on Education Gender and Child Health in Developing Countries written by Marian Meller and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Education and Child Labor in Developing Countries written by Noha Abdelfattah and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child labor can affect human capital investment of children, as the daily available time is limited and an increase in time devoted to child labor reduces the available time for investment in human capital. The tradeoff between child labor and human capital investment is important, as the accumulation of human capital is a crucial factor in curtailing poverty and accelerating development plans undertaken by developing countries. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasizes the importance of education and urges nations not to engage children in work that may interfere with their education. This research is comprised of four chapters that study the relationship between human capital investment and child labor. In the first chapter, I examine the available theoretical and empirical literature to determine the main factors that affect the tradeoff between child labor and human capital investment. The literature identifies income, access to credit, returns to education, and parental preferences as the main factors. In chapter 2, I investigate and analyze the Egyptian's SYPE dataset that I use in chapter 3 and chapter 4. The SYPE is the most recent household survey dataset that provides data on education and child labor of Egyptian young people.

Download or read book Factfulness written by Hans Rosling and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “One of the most important books I’ve ever read—an indispensable guide to thinking clearly about the world.” – Bill Gates “Hans Rosling tells the story of ‘the secret silent miracle of human progress’ as only he can. But Factfulness does much more than that. It also explains why progress is so often secret and silent and teaches readers how to see it clearly.” —Melinda Gates "Factfulness by Hans Rosling, an outstanding international public health expert, is a hopeful book about the potential for human progress when we work off facts rather than our inherent biases." - Former U.S. President Barack Obama Factfulness: The stress-reducing habit of only carrying opinions for which you have strong supporting facts. When asked simple questions about global trends—what percentage of the world’s population live in poverty; why the world’s population is increasing; how many girls finish school—we systematically get the answers wrong. So wrong that a chimpanzee choosing answers at random will consistently outguess teachers, journalists, Nobel laureates, and investment bankers. In Factfulness, Professor of International Health and global TED phenomenon Hans Rosling, together with his two long-time collaborators, Anna and Ola, offers a radical new explanation of why this happens. They reveal the ten instincts that distort our perspective—from our tendency to divide the world into two camps (usually some version of us and them) to the way we consume media (where fear rules) to how we perceive progress (believing that most things are getting worse). Our problem is that we don’t know what we don’t know, and even our guesses are informed by unconscious and predictable biases. It turns out that the world, for all its imperfections, is in a much better state than we might think. That doesn’t mean there aren’t real concerns. But when we worry about everything all the time instead of embracing a worldview based on facts, we can lose our ability to focus on the things that threaten us most. Inspiring and revelatory, filled with lively anecdotes and moving stories, Factfulness is an urgent and essential book that will change the way you see the world and empower you to respond to the crises and opportunities of the future. --- “This book is my last battle in my life-long mission to fight devastating ignorance...Previously I armed myself with huge data sets, eye-opening software, an energetic learning style and a Swedish bayonet for sword-swallowing. It wasn’t enough. But I hope this book will be.” Hans Rosling, February 2017.

Download or read book The Education of a British Protected Child written by Chinua Achebe and published by Penguin Group. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From one of the greatest writers of the modern era, an intimate and essential collection of personal essays on home, identity, and colonialism Chinua Achebe’s characteristically eloquent and nuanced voice is everywhere present in these seventeen beautifully written pieces. From a vivid portrait of growing up in colonial Nigeria to considerations on the African-American Diaspora, from a glimpse into his extraordinary family life and his thoughts on the potent symbolism of President Obama’s elections—this charmingly personal, intellectually disciplined, and steadfastly wise collection is an indispensable addition to the remarkable Achebe oeuvre.

Download or read book Essays on Child Development and Skills Formation written by Alan Nilton Sanchez Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Child Health in Developing Countries written by Samantha Benvinda Rawlings and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis comprises four empirical essays on the economics of child health in developing countries. Chapter 1 investigates intergenerational persistence in health, its spatial variation, and trends, using micro-data on 2.24 million children born of 0.6 million mothers in 38 developing countries between 1970-2000. A standard deviation decrease in mother's height or BM! raises the risk of poor child health by between 5 and 10 percent. Disaggregra- tion shows significant continent variation; the relationship was strongest in Africa, where it strengthened over time. Chapter 2 investigates whether in- come, women's education or public health (infant immunization rates) affect intergenerational persistence. Improvements in these in the foetal and birth year weaken the relationship, and these gradients are steeper for shorter women. Chapter 3 studies the impact of exposure to a serious, unusual, and unforeseen malaria epidemic in Brazil in 1938-1940 on subsequent human capital attainment, exploiting cohort- and regional-heterogeneity in expo- sure to identify effects. I argue disease related mortality is likely to differ by gender and migrant status, and allow for differential effects for these groups. A model of (mortality) selection and scarring is used to frame results. Selec- tion dominates for non-migrants whilst migrants are less selected or scarred. Scarring effects are particularly evident for female migrants. Chapter 4 investigates whether child health determines work and schooling. Unob- served heterogeneity and simultaneity concerns are addressed by exploiting panel data from the Philippines, with a first-difference instrumental vari- ables estimator used. The change in health between age 11/12 and 14/15 is instrumented for by health and breastfeeding duration in the first two years of life. A change in boys height-for-age of one standard deviation raises the probability of work by 36 percentage points, weekly hours of work by 11 hours, and lowers probability of school attendance by 30 percentage points. Estimates for girls are statistically weaker and may be affected by lack of data on domestic work.

Download or read book Three Essays in the Microeconomics of Development written by Yemele Kana Legrand and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book What to Look for in a Classroom written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Better Never to Have Been written by David Benatar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people believe that they were either benefited or at least not harmed by being brought into existence. David Benatar presents a startling challenge to these assumptions. He argues that people systematically overestimate the quality of their life, and suffer quite serious harms by coming into existence.

Download or read book Essays on Child Development written by Samuel Arenberg and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation, consisting of three chapters, considers the role of the childhood circumstances on adulthood measures of economic wellbeing. The first two chapters analyze a large expansion of public health insurance to children from low-income families in the United States. The third and final chapter analyzes the impact of childhood exposure to lead (Pb) in India. In Chapter 1, I examine one of the largest ever expansions of Medicaid, health insurance provided by the state at very low-cost to low-income Americans. In 1990, Congress passed a bill that extended Medicaid eligibility for children living below the poverty line from age 6 to age 18. This expansion, however, applied only to individuals born on or after October 1, 1983. Using a research design that exploits this sudden change in eligibility with respect to date of birth (a regression discontinuity design), I estimate the impact that the policy had on Medicaid enrollment rates. I find that enrollment rose specifically among Black children, and I offer potential explanations for why children of other races do not enroll despite becoming eligible. This finding contributes to a large literature on the puzzlingly low usage of social programs. In Chapter 2, I continue investigating this large expansion of youth Medicaid, but I shift focus to adulthood outcomes for individuals born around the October 1, 1983 cutoff. Namely, I study incarceration. I show that Black children born just after the cutoff are 5 percent less likely to be incarcerated by age 28, driven primarily by a decrease in incarcerations connected to financially motivated offenses. Children of other races, who (as discussed in Chapter 2) experienced almost no gain in Medicaid coverage as a result of the policy, demonstrate no such decline. I find that reduced incarceration in adulthood substantially offsets the initial costs of expanding eligibility. This result provides a clear demonstration for a commonly held view that investments in children and in public health systems can produce substantial social benefits, in addition to private ones. In Chapter 3, I turn attention to a developing-country context, specifically India, where environmental factors play an outsized role in child development. I study a large reduction in ambient exposure to lead, a neurotoxic substance that is particularly harmful to infants and children. Specifically, I analyze the impact that the phase-out of leaded gasoline had on the educational trajectories of children in India. I estimate this effect by leveraging the city-by-city implementation of the phase-out in the late 1990s and early 2000s. I find that lead exposure had significantly suppressed educational attainment in India. This finding adds to the evidence that environmental factors in early life can strongly affect markers wellbeing in later life

Download or read book Three Essays on Trade and Investment in Children in Developing Countries written by Kaveh Majlesi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three chapters on international trade and investment in children's human capital in developing countries. The first chapter examines the effects of changes in labor market opportunities for women on the bargaining power of women within households and, ultimately, on investment in children's human capital. I show that a positive demand shock for female labor in a woman's age category increases her bargaining power, and this raises investment in the health of girls relative to that of boys within the household. To identify this effect, I exploit the geographic heterogeneity in demand for younger versus older female labor within the Mexican export manufacturing sector and its differential changes across municipalities between 2002 and 2005. I find that a 1 percent increase in labor demand for older (mostly married) women, caused by a demand shock to the export manufacturing sector, raises the share of decisions made by the wife in a household by 1.3 percent and the chance of a daughter being in good health by 1.1 percent. Previous research has shown that school enrollment in developing countries responds to a change in the return to education generated by a change in demand in the export sector, that pays higher wages for a given skill level. In the second chapter of my dissertation, using data from Mexico, I show that the negative effects of a lower return to education are not limited to lower rates of school enrollment. Parents also respond to a decrease in the return to education for children, as a result of an increase in labor market opportunities for very young, unskilled labor in the export sector, by reducing spending on children's education even while they are enrolled at school. This suggests that parents respond along the intensive margin as well as on the extensive margin. Firm level studies offer mixed results on the effect of ex-ante liquidity constraints on firms' export status. The third chapter of my dissertation explores the same matter using a new methodology. I predict that, controlling for the firms' productivity level and given that firms were not exporters in the previous period, a larger appreciation of the real exchange rate should have a larger positive effect on the probability of less-liquidity-constrained firms becoming exporters. I test this prediction using a panel of Mexican manufacturing firms and find robust evidence in its support.

Download or read book Three Essays in the Microeconomics of Development written by Setou Mamadou Diarra and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, I investigate factors that undermine children's life chances in developing countries, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries . Three essays comprise this thesis. The first two (Chapters 1 and 2) focus on the life chances of adolescent girls in relation to the issue of child marriage, while the third essay (Chapter 3) focuses on child poverty, in relation to the issue of concordance/discordance between monetary and multidimensional measures of this phenomenon. Child marriage is found in almost all regions of the world, but SSA gets the brunt of it, as it is home to 8 of the 10 countries worldwide reporting the highest prevalence rates of this phenomenon. In 2010, 34% (about 67 million) of young women aged 20-24 globally were married before their eighteenth birthday and about 12% were married by age 15. The United Nation Population Fund (UNFPA) estimates that if present trends continue, 142 million girls will be married before age 18 in the next decade (UNFPA, 2012). Child marriage has been shown to hamper developing countries girls' life chances both directly and indirectly (UNFPA, 2012). Where it exists as a mass phenomenon, it reflects gendered norms that shape adolescent girls' lives through constrained choices and capabilities relative to boys, including a higher care work burden for girls, restricted access to education, limited mobility; limited authority in the family for wives ( particularly over sexuality and fertility decisions). Combating child marriage in SSA and elsewhere may thus yield significant positive spillovers for the achievement of the 2030 United Nation's Agenda for Sustainable Development. The existing child marriage literature highlights the joint role played by supply-side factors - i.e., why parents marry off their underage daughters- and demand-side factors- i.e., why men enter into marital relationships with underage girls- in driving the prevalence rates of child marriage in the developing world. To turn this empirical finding into effective policy action, however, a quantitative assessment of the relative strength of both demandside and supply-side factors in explaining these high prevalence rates is of paramount importance. The first essay of my thesis aims to fill this knowledge gap by measuring the quantitative importance of the intrinsic value Niger's men attach to having child brides. The second essay follows up on the first, by developing a demand-side model of child marriage with empirical application to Nigeria, to explain why a large proportion of men in developing countries marry underage girls. The third essay explores both theoretically and empirically the causes of the observed mismatch between monetary and multidimensional child poverty. Like the first two essays, it is empirically grounded in the experiences of SSA countries, with a practical application to Tanzania. This essay theoretically links child outcomes, such as nutritional status and schooling achievements to parental and household characteristics including household income and parental education. The model used to formalize this link predicts that parental education influences the level of the mismatch between monetary and multidimensional child poverty. Empirical evidence drawn from Tanzania NPS data is consistent with this prediction. In particular, results show that parental education is a negative predictor of the probability that a monetarily non-poor child suffers some basic deprivations, and a positive predictor of the likelihood that a monetarily poor child suffers no basic deprivations. Overall, these three essays contribute to advancing our knowledge of factors that constraint children's life chances in SSA. In particular, my thesis suggests that policy interventions that ignores the extent and causes of local resistance to the implementation of child marriage prevention programs may face uncertain results (Essay 1 and Essay 2). It also highlights another channel through which parental education can play an important role in the improvement of children's life chances in developing countries (Essay 3).