Download or read book Essays on Mortgage Portfolio Diversification written by Timothy Patrick Dombrowski and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Mortgage Risk written by Alan J. Neale and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contributes three essays in areas of mortgage risk that are rapidly growing in importance. The first essay develops a fully dynamic optimization model for a borrower's redefault decision on a modified mortgage incorporating real-world frictions relevant for default decisions. Solutions to the model reveal large differences across modification structures and a basic pecking order for redefault performance controlling for resulting mortgage present value. Further, empirical tests utilizing unique and extensive data on modified loans offer broad agreement with the predictions of the model. The second essay provides one of the most complete studies for termination behavior of non-U.S. mortgages to date, jointly estimating the competing risks of prepayment and default in a grouped duration mixed proportional hazard framework applied to Singapore mortgages. The study tests option-theoretic motivations for prepayments and defaults as well as "trigger event" explanations, explores comparative results to U.S. mortgage studies, examines unique institutional characteristics of this market impacting option-theoretic motivations for loan termination, and documents that variation in sources of borrower equity matter for the exercise of default options. The final essay argues that the estimation of tail credit risk in residential mortgage portfolios remains relatively poorly understood, and that many common approaches to the problem have been incomplete or inadequate. In addition to laying out the fundamental components of sound portfolio credit risk assessment, the essay develops competing models for realistic dynamics of underlying risk factors, such as home prices. Particular attention is paid to identifying the properties of these models most consequential for the estimated distribution of losses, and to measures of implied sensitivity to geographic diversification.

Download or read book Credit Risk Diversification of Commercial Mortgage Portfolios written by Brian A. Ciochetti and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Honor of Cheng Hsiao written by Dek Terrell and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including contributions spanning a variety of theoretical and applied topics in econometrics, this volume of Advances in Econometrics is published in honour of Cheng Hsiao.

Download or read book Essays on Banks Resolutions of Problem Mortgage Loans written by Jung-Eun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines banks' resolution of distressed commercial mortgage loans. Following the introduction in the first chapter, the second chapter reviews the literature on banks' resolutions of distressed loans. In chapter 3, I present a model of banks' resolution decisions under information asymmetry. The model shows that banks prefer to renegotiate instead of foreclosing problem loans when there is a cost associated with revealing the quality of their mortgage portfolios. The fourth chapter presents empirical findings that are consistent with the model, i.e., that banks' resolution decisions are affected by their concerns of revealing negative information through large foreclosures. I find that larger loans are more likely to be renegotiated than smaller loans and that banks take a shorter amounts of time to renegotiate rather than to foreclose on problem loans. Secondly, the impact of loan size on the propensity to renegotiate is magnified for banks with superior past performance and for banks with lower local mortgage distress. In addition, I find that banks that raised new equity capital exhibit a stronger tendency to renegotiate larger problem loans in the previous year. In chapter 5, as a falsification test, I compare the bank-held sample with a Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities (CMBS) sample that does not share banks' mimicking motives, because special servicers of problem loans are not the originators of those loans. I find that the results are weaker or not present for CMBS, in contrast to the bank loan sample. In chapter 6, I study banks' resolution of problem loans while considering their problem loan portfolios. I consider two aspects of banks' problem loan portfolios -- their relationships with borrowers and the degree of regional diversification. Empirical results suggest that the sample banks choose to act "tougher", i.e., foreclose more, as they have more loans with a borrower. Finally, the degree of geographical diversification in problem loan portfolios may affect banks' resolution decisions. I find that as banks have geographically concentrated problem loan portfolios, they are more likely to renegotiate larger loans, measured either absolutely or relatively. Chapter 7 concludes.

Download or read book Optimal Mortgage Loan Diversification written by Kourosh Marjani Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homebuyers in several countries may finance the purchase of their properties using different variants of either adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) or fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs). The variety and complexity of these loan products poses a risk management task for mortgage bank advisors to recommend the right mortgage loan strategy for the individual mortgagor; almost all mortgage banks advise their customers to take a single loan product. This argument is often justified by the fact that trade frictions make it unattractive to hold a portfolio of loans as a private home owner. Even with transaction costs, however, we show in this paper that most mortgagors with some degree of risk aversion benefit from holding a mortgage portfolio. To do so we develop a multistage Mean-Conditional Value at Risk (MCVaR) model to consider the risk of the mortgage payment frequency function explicitly using a coherent risk measure. In addition to the diversification benefits we also show that the multistage model produces superior results as compared to single period models and that the solutions are robust with regards to changes in uncertainty parameters in particular for risk averse mortgagors. Finally, we show how the model can be used to calculate fair premia for adjustable rate mortgages with interest rate guarantees (caps) which are becoming increasingly popular as a hybrid product between the existing ARM and FRM mortgages.

Download or read book Essays in Homeownership and Mortgage Finance written by Nirupama Kulkarni and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of two chapters on mortgage finance and homeownership. Federal policy often institutes uniform pricing across regions in the name of fairness. I study the unintended consequences of such uniform pricing in the context of the residential mortgage market, which is heavily influenced by the securitization policies of the government sponsored enterprises (GSEs). I show that the regional uniformity of GSE-conforming mortgage rates leads to credit rationing. I develop three results by exploiting differences in the strength of lender rights -- state laws that limit a lender's recourse and ability to foreclose on property -- as a source of regional variation. First, controlling for borrower characteristics, I find that GSE-securitized mortgage rates do not vary across lender rights whereas those of privately securitized mortgages do vary. Second, the lack of regional variation in mortgage rates leads to the credit rationing of marginal borrowers in regions with borrower-friendly laws, whereas, regression discontinuity and bunching estimates show that the GSEs "cherry-pick" the better risks leading to greater credit access in lender-friendly areas. Finally, I find that the GSEs' cost of funds advantage distorts the pool of borrowers available to the private market and that only some of the GSE-rationed borrowers can access privately securitized mortgages. Overall, the results demonstrate how uniform regional pricing and cost of funds advantages of the GSEs distorts the competitive landscape of the US mortgage market. The second chapter studies the impact of homeownership on intergenerational mobility. The benefits of homeownership feature prominently in the academic and policy discussions alike. Increasing homeownership has been a major policy goal for decades, especially in low-income areas. We show that the positive relationship between homeownership and intergenerational mobility is highly place-dependent. First, we link commuting zone-level homeownership rates to intergenerational mobility, and find a strong positive relationship. The relationship persists after instrumenting for ownership using housing supply and price shocks. Second, we show that the positive relation between of homeownership and upward mobility is significantly diminished or disappears in areas with high sprawl or segregation, whether we use income segregation, racial segregation, or a new measure of homeowner segregation. These results, as well as additional findings on the formation of social capital and on school quality, suggest that homeownership may not benefit, or may even disadvantage children in segregated, poor areas, possibly through reduced residential mobility.

Download or read book Essays on Mortgage Finance and Housing Markets written by Gonzalo Eduardo Maturana and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I first study the effects of additional loan modifications on loan losses during the recent financial crisis. Despite loan modification being widely discussed as an alternative to foreclosure, little research has focused on quantifying its effect on loan performance. By exploiting plausible exogenous variation in the incentives to modify securitized non-agency loans, I find that an additional modification reduces loan losses by 34.5% relative to the average loss. Consistent with theory, modifications are especially beneficial when borrowers are less likely to return to a current status without help and when foreclosure losses are higher. Modification types that grant greater concessions to borrowers are the most effective for minimizing losses. Overall, additional modifications prevent borrower foreclosure while simultaneously benefiting investors. I then study the relation between originators that misreported mortgages and house price movements. ZIP codes with high concentrations of misreporting originators experienced a 75% larger relative increase in house prices from 2003 to 2006 and a 90% larger relative decrease from 2007 to 2012 compared to other ZIPs. Six causality related tests suggest that high fractions of bad originators in a ZIP result in larger price swings. In areas of elastic land supply, ZIPs with bad originators are associated with a building boom and a subsequent price bust that is much more severe than in similar ZIPs without bad originators. Originators with high misreporting seemed to have both given credit to borrowers of a higher stated risk and further understated the borrowers' true risk. Overall, the findings suggest that there are settings where questionable business practices can lead to large distortionary effects.

Download or read book Investing in Mortgage Backed and Asset Backed Securities written by Glenn M. Schultz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to investing in and managing a portfolio of mortgage- and asset-backed securities Mortgage- and asset-backed securities are not as complex as they might seem. In fact, all of the information, financial models, and software needed to successfully invest in and manage a portfolio of these securities are available to the investment professional through open source software. Investing in Mortgage and Asset-Backed Securities + Website shows you how to achieve this goal. The book draws entirely on publicly available data and open source software to construct a complete analytic framework for investing in these securities. The analytic models used throughout the book either exist in the quantlib library, as an R package, or are programmed in R and incorporated into the analytic framework used. Examines the valuation of fixed-income securities—metrics, valuation framework, and return analysis Covers residential mortgage-backed securities—security cash flow, mortgage dollar roll, adjustable rate mortgages, and private label MBS Discusses prepayment modeling and the valuation of mortgage credit Presents mortgage-backed securities valuation techniques—pass-through valuation and interest rate models Engaging and informative, this book skillfully shows you how to build, rather than buy, models and proprietary analytical platforms that will allow you to invest in mortgage- and asset-backed securities.

Download or read book Diversification and Strategy written by Robin Elizabeth Wells and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Financial Institutions and Real Estate written by Robert Deacle and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines several aspects of U.S. financial institutions' real estate-related activity. The first two essays examine the impact of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) membership and funding on bank and thrift holding company (BHC and THC) risk and returns. The first essay uses risk measures derived from BHC and THC stock prices, while the second essay uses risk measures based upon BHC and THC bond prices. The third essay studies the impact of BHC investment in real estate on risk and returns using measures based on stock prices. In the first essay, BHC and THC stock portfolios are formed along several dimensions. Bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models are estimated to produce measures of total risk, market risk, and interest rate risk for the time period from the beginning of 2001 through 2009. Two sets of results related to FHLB activity are obtained. First, FHLB membership is found to be associated with lower total risk and market risk while having no association with interest rate risk. Second, and similarly, greater reliance on FHLB advances is associated with lower total risk and market risk but is not associated with interest rate risk. These results are consistent with the view that the risks created by government backing of the FHLB system and some of the system's policies are mitigated by FHLB policies and products that reduce risk. In addition, THC stocks are found to have lower total and market risk than the portfolio of BHC stocks. The second essay investigates the relationship of both FHLB membership and funding with BHC and THC risk by using the cost of uninsured debt as a measure of risk. These relationships are analyzed in a simultaneous equation regression framework using data from the start of the third quarter of 2002 through the end of the first quarter of 2009. The cost of uninsured debt is proxied by yield spreads calculated from trading data on holding company (HC) bonds. Several interesting results are obtained. Reliance on advances is found to have a negative effect on the cost of debt throughout the sample period (the third quarter of 2002 through the first quarter of 2009). Cost of debt has a significant effect on the level of advances only during the recent financial crisis (the third quarter of 2007 through the first quarter of 2009), when the effect is negative. The negative association between cost of debt and the level of advances suggests that BHCs and THCs, on the whole, do not use FHLB advances to make unusually risky loans and supports the argument that FHLB policies and services have some risk-reducing effects. FHLB membership, independent of advances, is found to have no influence on HC cost of debt. Additional analysis indicates that THC status is associated with higher cost of debt than BHC status. The third essay examines the influence of real estate investment by BHCs from the third quarter of 1990 through the fourth quarter of 2010 on their risks and returns. Portfolios are formed of BHC stocks according to BHCs' ratio of real estate investment to total assets and according to the type of regulation - lenient or strict - under which they invest in real estate. Tests of differences in median portfolio returns between these portfolios are performed. In addition, the effects of real estate investment on risk and return are estimated using univariate GARCH models of portfolio returns. The main results are as follows: 1) BHCs that invest in real estate have greater total risk and lower risk-adjusted returns than those that do not; 2) greater real estate investment is associated with lower returns and greater market risk for some types of BHCs while it is not associated with significant differences in total risk or risk-adjusted returns; and 3) BHCs that invest in real estate under relatively lenient rules have lower returns, greater total risk, and lower risk-adjusted returns than those that invest in real estate under relatively strict rules. The results indicate that benefits from real estate investment by banks - such as diversification of cash flows, economies of scale and scope, and increased charter value - are outweighed by greater variability of returns and lower returns due to BHCs' lack of expertise in the field. The findings also provide evidence that rules granting banks greater freedom to invest in real estate result in increased risk but not increased returns.

Download or read book Lienlord written by Eric Scharaga and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimize your investment portfolio using the same strategies banks do! Real estate may be a popular investment, but most investors want to avoid the stress and financial risks of landlording. The strategy behind Lienlord is simple: Individual investors can purchase residential mortgage loans secured by a lien on the borrower's home. Investing as a lienlord is a low-risk way to create reliable monthly income without worrying about stock market uncertainties, meager bond yields, or the constant headaches that come with real estate ownership. Inside this book, you'll discover: How mortgage loans compare to traditional investments The simple calculation used to lock in yield Strategies for diversification How to outsource to industry experts The due diligence, bidding, and buying process How mortgage loans and an IRA can create a perfect synergy Questions to ask before investing in a mortgage loan fund How to safely get started And more! Eric Scharaga is an expert in creating passive income through investment in residential mortgage loans. After thirteen years spent dealing with the hassles and unpredictability of landlording, he realized he would never achieve his goal of financial freedom through rental real estate. In his book, Lienlord, Eric shares his story of achieving financial independence and gives an introduction to the power of investing like a bank in owner-occupied mortgage loans.

Download or read book Private Mortgage Investment written by Ralph Abbott and published by . This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private Mortgage Investment Senior lending officer Ralph Abbott pens new book on achieving financial freedom. Thomas J. Stanley, Ph.D., wrote in his book Stop Acting Rich And Start Living Like A Real Millionaire, Real safety is not in a diversified stock portfolio. One of the reasons that real millionaires are economically successful is that they think differently. Many a millionaire has told me that true diversity has much to do with controlling one s investments; no one can control the stock market. But you can for example, control your own business, private investments, and money to lend to private parties. It was this quote that inspired author and senior lending officer Ralph Abbott to help others worried about their 401k and retirement nest eggs, penning his new book Private Mortgage Investment. My reason for writing a book about private mortgage investing is not to promote another get-rich-quick scheme or investment fad, explains Abbott. It s about showing you an alternative investment concept one that is old and respected. In this straightforward and practical book, Ralph Abbott gets you quickly acquainted with simple strategies using mortgage investments to enhance your bottom line. Private Mortgage Investment cuts to the heart of successful mortgage investment, providing readers with a complete understanding of private mortgage investing fundamentals. It shows how to use direct investments, mortgage pool and investment clubs to get into the private mortgage investment business. As we move into the second decade of the 21st century, an increasing number of people just like you are discovering private mortgage investing. It s a basic, fundamental function of real estate finance that, with a focused effort and basic knowledge, has been demonstrated to be a safe and profitable industry for a growing number of investors who are either approaching or in retirement. And do you know what? If you have ever owned a bank CD, or have a savings account or checking account, you have already been investing but you have not received the benefits.

Download or read book Essays in Mortgage Finance and Securitization written by Sanket Ashok Korgaonkar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Great Recession renewed focus on various stages of a mortgage's life--how they are originated, why borrowers default on them, and how default is ultimately resolved. More specifically, the chapters of this dissertation shed light on the factors determining the success of mortgage renegotiation, and on the rise in the origination of complex mortgage instruments. Features of the securitized mortgage market are either explicitly studied, or provide the foundation for the empirical methodologies I develop. During the housing crisis regulators faced impediments in their unprecedented intervention to promote large-scale mortgage renegotiation. What hampered renegotiation in the wake of the crisis? To answer this question, in Chapter 1, The Limited Benefits of Mortgage Renegotiation, I study the expected gains from renegotiation for both sides of a mortgage contract: investors and borrowers. To overcome selection bias, I use plausibly exogenous variation in the propensity of intermediaries to renegotiate mortgages. I find that loan modification helped investors recover 3.5% more of the principal balance outstanding at the time of delinquency relative to foreclosing upon the borrower. However, there was substantial variation around this mean--a 12.5% (3.6 times the mean) standard deviation--which highlights the high degree of uncertainty about the realization of these gains. Thus, despite expected gains to borrowers--higher credit scores and a $115 increase in monthly consumption--regulators' attempts to promote mortgage renegotiation have proven to be ineffective, exacerbating debt overhang and its consequences. The setting of Residential Mortgage Backed Securitization (RMBS) provides an ideal testing ground for theories of debt-structure, agency problems and their effect on debt renegotiation. Via the tranching of cash flows from underlying mortgages, an RMBS transaction creates multiple securities with claims to the underlying collateral. Moreover, tax law mandates the hiring of an agent, the Servicer, to manage the underlying collateral. In Chapter 2, Multiple Tranches, Information Asymettry and the Impediments to Mortgage Renegotiation, I first develop a simple conceptual framework to outline the channels via which multiple claim-holders induce fewer than optimal loan modification by worsening the agency problem between mortgage Servicers and RMBS Sponsors. Then, using within deal variation in the number and structure of tranches, I find that loans in pools collateralizing fewer tranches are more likely to be modified conditional upon being seriously delinquent. I also find that modified loans in such loan pools were likely to receive more aggressive loan modifications. The results provide evidence for one channel via which the securitization of mortgages inhibited the renegotiation of delinquent mortgages in the wake of the housing crisis, and complement the results of Chapter 1. In Chapter 3, Partial Deregulation and Competition: Evidence from Risky Mortgage Origination, co-authored with Amir Kermani (University of California, Berkeley) and Marco Di Maggio (Harvard University), we exploit the OCC's preemption of national banks from state laws against predatory lending as a quasi-experiment to study the effect of deregulation and its interaction with competition on the supply of complex mortgages. Following the preemption ruling, national banks significantly increased their origination of loans with prepayment penalties by comparison with national banks in states without predatory-lending laws. We highlight a competition channel: in counties where OCC-regulated lenders had larger market shares, non-OCC lenders responded by increasing their use of riskier contract features, such as deferred amortization, adjustable rates and interest-only payments, which were not restricted by the state predatory-lending laws.

Download or read book Essays in Honor of Cheng Hsiao written by Dek Terrell and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including contributions spanning a variety of theoretical and applied topics in econometrics, this volume of Advances in Econometrics is published in honour of Cheng Hsiao.

Download or read book Mortgage and Mortgage backed Securities Markets written by Frank J. Fabozzi and published by Harvard Business Review Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. mortgage market, estimated at roughly $3.7 trillion, easily exceeds the values of the U.S. government bond market. Daily trading alone runs in the billions of dollars, and the value of mortgage-backed securities now outstanding is more than $1 trillion. The vastness of this market has inspired a variety of financial innovations, both in the design of mortgages and in the securities that derive from them. These innovations--adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) and mortgage-backed securities (MBSs), which include passthroughs, collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), stripped MBSs, and so forth--have been a great success, created a large and growing industry, and demonstrated how financial engineering can redirect cash flows from a pool of assets to more closely satisfy the asset/liability needs of different classes of institutional investors. MBSs have proven to be a useful model for other forms of asset securitizations such as securities based on auto loans and credit card receivables. Mortgage-backed securities provide many useful benefits to both issuers and investors, but they are among the most complex of securities and appear in many interesting puzzling forms. Success in issuing, trading, and investing in MBSs requires a thorough understanding of their pricing and management of prepayment risks, and Professors Fabozzi and Modigliani have made an important contribution to that understanding in this important new book, . In this state-of-the-art treatment, Frank Fabozzi and Franco Modigliani offer the first book to systematically address the complex subject of mortgages and mortgage-backed securities without being unduly mathematical. Beginning with the basic mortgage, theauthors explain the development of the secondary mortgage market. They show how the market has been transformed from total dependence on local deposits to a market with a broad base of investors in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The business of mortgage origination, servicing, insurance, mortgage pooling, and the historical origins of securitization are fully described. The authors take the reader through the procedure for pricing traditional bonds to the complex process of valuing a variety of mortgage-backed securities. Because the borrower/homeowner has an option to prepay part or all of the mortgage at any time, yields and prices on these instruments can vary dramatically. The conventions used in this market for estimating prepayments are discussed and critically evaluated, as are the factors that affect prepayments. Fabozzi and Modigliani provide a review of the fundamental principles used in valuing fixed-income securities, then extend them to the various frames of analysis used in determining values for MBSs. This book fills an important need for mortgage bankers, institutional investors, and other financial professionals who need to understand the mortgage market and its complex instruments.

Download or read book Essays in Mortgage Finance written by Harvey Hugh Stephenson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: