Download or read book Essays on Labor and Migration Economics written by Michael Zibrowius and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Labor Migration written by Maroula Khraiche and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor Markets Migration and Mobility written by William Cochrane and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to three key themes central to studies in regional science: the sub-national labor market, migration, and mobility, and their analysis. The book brings together essays that cover a wide range of topics including the development of uncertainty in national and subnational population projections; the impacts of widening and deepening human capital; the relationship between migration, neighborhood change, and area-based urban policy; the facilitating role played by outmigration and remittances in economic transition; and the contrasting importance of quality of life and quality of business for domestic and international migrants. All of the contributions here are by leading figures in their fields and employ state-of-the art methodologies. Given the variety of topics and themes covered this book, it will appeal to a broad range of readers interested in both regional science and related disciplines such as demography, population economics, and public policy.
Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics written by Suphanit Piyapromdee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter studies the impact of immigration on wages, internal migration and welfare. I estimate an equilibrium model where labor differs by skill level, gender, experience and nativity. Workers are also heterogeneous in city preferences. Cities vary in productivity levels, housing prices and local amenities. The results indicate that an increase in the stock of immigrants has a small impact on the welfare of natives. If workers are constrained to remain in their original locations, the initial wage impacts on previous immigrants are negative and much more severe in the popular destinations for new immigrants. When workers migrate, the negative wage and welfare impacts in most locations are diffused. The model is also used to assess changes in the skill mix of immigrants and a location-specific immigration policy. The second chapter extends a classic on-the-job search model of homogeneous workers and firms by introducing a shirking problem. Workers choose their effort levels and search on the job. Firms elicit effort through wages and monitoring; an inverse relationship between wages and monitoring rates is derived. This gives rise to an equilibrium wage distribution that contrasts with existing literature in several aspects. In particular I show that a unique hump-shaped and positively skewed wage distribution, as observed empirically, can be derived even when firms and workers are respectively identical. The last chapter examines the relationship between separation rates and the speed of firm learning. In the model, there is uncertainty about match productivity; the firm gathers information about the match by monitoring the worker. The speed of the firm's learning process depends on how frequently the firm monitors the worker. The model predicts that separation rates increase with monitoring intensity. The effect is stronger early in the match and attenuates over time as unpromising matches are identified and terminated. Using the NLSY79, I estimate a probit model for worker separations in the first and second years of tenure. The empirical results are consistent with the model's implications that separation rates increase with monitoring intensity and the effect is stronger early in the relationship.
Download or read book Immigration Economics written by George J. Borjas and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people—nearly 3 percent of the world’s population—no longer live in the country where they were born. Every day, migrants enter not only the United States but also developed countries without much of a history of immigration. Some of these nations have switched in a short span of time from being the source of immigrants to being a destination for them. International migration is today a central subject of research in modern labor economics, which seeks to put into perspective and explain this historic demographic transformation. Immigration Economics synthesizes the theories, models, and econometric methods used to identify the causes and consequences of international labor flows. Economist George Borjas lays out with clarity and rigor a full spectrum of topics, including migrant worker selection and assimilation, the impact of immigration on labor markets and worker wages, and the economic benefits and losses that result from immigration. Two important themes emerge: First, immigration has distributional consequences: some people gain, but some people lose. Second, immigrants are rational economic agents who attempt to do the best they can with the resources they have, and the same holds true for native workers of the countries that receive migrants. This straightforward behavioral proposition, Borjas argues, has crucial implications for how economists and policymakers should frame contemporary debates over immigration.
Download or read book Essays on Health Economics and Agricultural Labor Migration written by Maoyong Fan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics written by Mark Yau Colas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 analyzes the dynamic effects of immigration on worker outcomes by estimating an equilibrium model of local labor markets in the United States. The model includes firms in multiple cities and multiple industries which combine capital, skilled and unskilled labor in production, and forward-looking workers who choose their optimal industry and location each period as a dynamic discrete choice. Immigrant inflows change wages by changing factor ratios, but worker sector and migration choices can mitigate the effect of immigration on wages over time. I estimate the model via simulated method of moments by leveraging differences in wages and labor supply quantities across local labor markets to identify how wages and worker choices respond to immigrant inflows. Counterfactual simulations yield the following main results: (1) a sudden unskilled immigration inflow leads to an initial wage drop for unskilled workers which decreases by over half over 20 years; (2) both workers' sector-switching and migration across local labor markets play important roles in mitigating the effects of immigration on wages; (3) a gradual immigration inflow leads to significantly smaller effects on native wages than a sudden inflow. Chapter 2 is joint work with Kevin Hutchinson. Progressive income taxes provide a disincentive for workers to live in high productivity local labor markets, potentially leading to a spatial misallocation of labor. We study the extent to which large reductions in the progressivity of the federal tax code caused the reallocation of workers across cities, thus altering aggregate output, deadweight loss, and the spatial distribution of populations, wages and rents. Further, we also evaluate the extent to which these changes affected the relative welfare of high and low-skill workers. To quantify these effects, we augment an empirical spatial equilibrium model (Diamond, 2016) to incorporate federal income taxes and estimate it using Census data. In chapter 3, I use a dynamic model to analyze how changes in major-specific tuition levels would affect college and major choice. In my model, students face borrowing constraints; therefore, relatively small changes in tuition can potentially affect college and major choice despite large differences in lifetime earnings across majors.
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics written by Keshar Ghimire and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, in the standard three-essay format, studies three distinct but closely related aspects of the United States labor markets. Chapter 1 attempts to identify the main drivers of potential migration to the United States by using administrative data from the United States Diversity Visa Lottery. Estimating fixed effects panel data models that control for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity in source-country level determinants of potential migration, I find that income levels in source countries and educational attainment of the source-country population play important role in determining migration intentions. Specifically, a one percent increase in per capita Gross Domestic Product of a source country decreases the potential migration rate from that country to the US by 1.36%. Similarly, a one percent increase in the educational attainment of source population (measured as the percentage of population with at least secondary education) decreases potential migration rate by 1.16%. The results obtained in this chapter improve our understanding of the composition of US labor markets by identifying the most important socio-economic variables that drive migration to the US. Chapter 2 estimates the causal impact of a change in supply of immigrant entrepreneurs on entrepreneurial propensities of natives. I draw data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey and use withinstate variation in supply of immigrant entrepreneurs for identification. To address concerns of endogeneity in the supply of immigrant entrepreneurs, I take advantage of a quasi-experiment provided by the State Children's Health Insurance Program. I find that, on average, immigrants self-employed in unincorporated businesses have no discernible impact on self-employment propensities of natives. However, immigrants self-employed in incorporated businesses crowd in natives into incorporated self-employment. Specifically, a 1% increase in incorporated immigrant entrepreneurs increases the supply of incorporated native entrepreneurs by 0.11%. Furthermore, various sub-sample analyses demonstrate substantial heterogeneity in the impact of immigrant entrepreneurs on entrepreneurial propensities of natives. The results obtained in this chapter have important implications for policies related to immigration and entrepreneurship development. Finally, Chapter 3 exploits the State Children's Health Insurance Program to investigate the impact of publicly funded health insurance coverage for children on labor supply of adults. Using data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey and triple difference identification strategy, the analysis demonstrates that public health insurance for children decreases labor supply of women, both at the extensive and the intensive margin, but increases that of men at the extensive margin. The estimates obtained in this chapter highlight the labor supply distortions associated with welfare benefits.
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of International Labor Migration written by Kakoli Roy and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Migration Education and Income written by Isaac Charles Rischall and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics written by Gábor Kézdi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Migration and Labour written by Giulia Montresor and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Two Essays in Labor Economics written by Siyi Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first essay studies the long term trend of internal migration in the United States. Over the last forty years, there has only been a modest change in the overall interstate migration rate in the United States. However, different demographic groups have seen very different patterns of changes. The migration rate for families with two college graduate spouses dropped from 5.66% in 1965-1970 to 2.82% in 2000-2005. As for the families with college-graduate husband, it dropped from 4.05% to 2.15% during the same time frame. Interstate migration rates for other types of families or singles have seen little change. This paper extends Mincer's family migration model into a search framework and directly estimates the effects of female labor force participation, spousal earnings ratio, correlation of earnings from job offers, and home ownership on the migration propensity by using the Current Population Survey (CPS) data in the period of 1982-2005. Endogeniety issues of these variables are appropriately addressed. According to the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis, we find that the increasing female labor force participation rate and earnings ratio of wife to husband are the primary determinants for the decline in the interstate migration rate of families with two college-graduate spouses and families with a college-graduate husband in the 1980s-1990s. The rising home ownership accounts for a large portion of the decrease in the migration rate of highly educated families, in the 1990s-2000s. The second essay studies the impact of changing youth cohort size on the unemployment rate. Although an increase in youth cohort size is often found to exert an upward pressure on the aggregate unemployment rate, it has been provided some empirical evidences and a theoretical model to the contrary. We find that the estimated elasticity of unemployment rate is quite sensitive in a fixed effect model, with the inclusion of year dummies, when there is a strong temporal correlation between the youth cohort size and the unemployment rate. Both the sign and magnitude of the estimates vary significantly when using data from different time periods. We propose an alternative way to control for the fixed effects and obtain consistent estimates across the time periods in the United States. Our results support the conventional wisdom of positive correlation between youth cohort size and aggregate unemployment rate. This positive effect of the youth cohort size is strongest for the youngest workers and gradually diminishes for older workers, which implies that the young and the prime age workers are not perfect substitutes to the employers. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148267
Download or read book Labor Versus Empire written by Gilbert G. Gonzalez and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this collection address issues significant to labor within regional, national and international contexts. Themes of the chapters will focus on managed labor migration; organizing in multi-ethnic and multi-national contexts; global economics and labor; global economics and inequality; gender and labor; racism and globalization; regional trade agreements and labor.
Download or read book Essays on Migration and Labor Economics written by Salwan Saif and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Empirical Labor Economics written by Mehtap Akgüç and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is composed of three chapters in empirical labor economics with emphasis on education and migration. The first chapter is on the link between various levels of education and aggregate income across countries. The two remaining chapters focus on the educational attainment and labor market outcomes of immigrants in France based on a recent survey. In Chapter 1, I conduct an empirical study of the impact of education on the growth and productivity of countries depending on their level of development and the quality of schooling. Specifically, my paper provides cross-country panel estimations of the returns to the stages (primary, secondary, and tertiary) of education using an aggregate production function approach. My estimates from various panel data methods point to heterogeneous impacts of schooling by levels across countries. In particular, tertiary schooling seems to have a more important effect in countries with a higher level of development and schooling quality, while primary and/or secondary schooling seems to play a more important role in relatively less developed countries with lower schooling quality. My results are ultimately related to development policies in education and human capital investment to boost productivity and growth. In Chapter 2, which is a joint work with Ana Ferrer (University of Waterloo), we provide a detailed analysis of the educational attainment and labor market performance of various sub-populations in France using a recent survey. Our results indicate that immigrants in France are less educated than the native-born population and that these differences can be tracked down to differences in socioeconomic backgrounds for most groups of immigrants. Similarly, there is a significant wage gap between immigrant and native-born workers, but this is reduced and sometimes disappears after correcting for selection into employment. In most cases the remaining differences in education and labor market outcomes seem related to the area of origin of the immigrant as well as where the education of the immigrant is obtained. In Chapter 3, using the same data, I look at the relationship between the labor market outcomes and the entry visa types of immigrants. To this end, I analyze the socioeconomic characteristics of four groups of immigrants based on their visa categories at entry: family migrants, work migrants, refugees, and students. In particular, my paper provides evidence from information on visa categories to gain further insights into the labor market analysis of immigrants. The estimation results suggest that work migrants are more likely to participate in the labor force and be employed than family migrants. However, these gaps disappear after netting out the differences in observable characteristics (except for women). In terms of wages, migrants who came to France as workers or as students earn significantly more than the family migrants. Finally, the paper finds that refugee migrants are not less successful than the family migrants in the labor markets.
Download or read book Essays in Labor Migration written by Gabriel E. González König and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
