Download or read book Essays on Globalization and Occupational Wages written by Farzana Munshi and published by Goteborg University. This book was released on 2008 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Wage Formation and Globalization written by Andreas Hauptmann and published by wbv Media GmbH & Company KG. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warum zahlen manche Firmen nach Tarif, statt die Löhne individuell auszuhandeln? Zahlen Exportfirmen höhere Löhne als Firmen, die nicht exportieren und inwieweit wird dies von institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen bestimmt? Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen zwischen den Lohnstückkosten und der Exportstärke von Unternehmen? Mit diesen und weiteren Fragen befasst sich Andreas Hauptmann im vorliegenden Band. In mehreren Kapiteln legt der Autor dar, dass zwischen Löhnen, Globalisierung und institutionellen Kontextfaktoren vielfältige Wechselwirkungen bestehen.

Download or read book Essays in Value added Trade and U S Labor Market Outcomes written by Han Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays on how value-added trade affect the U.S. labor market outcomes. In the most recent presidential competition, we observed how voter angst against economic globalization had a considerable impact on the election results. This dissertation seeks to shed light on how the changes in exposure to value-added trade affect individual wages, the probability of being unemployed as well as the likelihood of being married with consideration of each worker's occupation, the level of skill, and gender. In the first essay, we link U.S. industry-level value-added trade data with U.S. worker-level data from the Current Population Surveys from 1995 to 2009. We find that U.S. occupational exposure to value-added imports has a negative effect on the wages earned by intermediate-routine workers, which leads to wage polarization among American workers. In particular, the polarization of wages is driven by occupational exposure to value-added imports of final goods from middle-income countries, while exposure to final goods imported from high-income countries has a negative, albeit more fairly distributed, effect across U.S. workers' wages. On the other hand, occupational exposure to value-added imports of intermediate goods from middle-income countries is associated with a positive wage effect for least-routine workers, signaling to the presence of strong complementarities between the group of least-routine workers and imports of intermediate goods from this group of countries. In the second essay, we investigate the contribution of the degree of occupation routineness and the level of a worker's skill in determining the effects of U.S. exposure to value-added trade on U.S. labor market outcomes. We apply three main approaches to examine how the interplay between routineness and skills is essential in explaining the effects of U.S. exposure to value-added trade flows. First, we find that the increase in occupational exposure to value-added imports of final goods from middle-income countries is the primary driver of polarization of wages in the U.S. labor market within each skill group, where the effect on workers in the occupations with moderate levels of routineness is most adversely affected. Comparing the wage effects for workers within each routineness group, we find that skilled workers tend to face smaller pressure on their wages from import competition than the unskilled. Second, we examine the impact of exposure to value-added trade on the probability of being unemployed at the worker level. We show that an increase in exposure to value-added imports will raise the employment-related uncertainty for unskilled workers relative to skilled workers. Third, we estimate the transition costs across workers who have trade-induced occupation switches between two consecutive periods. Results suggest that occupation switch is very costly for all unskilled workers as well as for the skilled workers who are involved with the least-routine occupations. Notice that the effect of trade might not be gender-neutral. In the third paper, we complement the existing literature by providing evidence that increasing import exposure has differential effects on individual outcomes depending on the workers' gender and on the degree of routineness of their occupations. We explore the effects of gender-specific exposure to value-added trade on individual outcomes such as wages, the probability of being unemployed, and the likelihood of being married. Despite that the male-specific exposures to value-added trade are highly comparable to those female-specific measures, we find it is powerful enough to distinguish their differential effects across gender. We find that the effect of trade is symmetric across genders when it comes to wage effects but asymmetric in terms of the probability of being unemployed and in the likelihood of being married. Our findings on wages suggest that an increase in exposure to value-added imports has the most negative effect on intermediate-routine workers for both gender groups, which results in wage polarization for both groups. As for the probability of being unemployed, we find that the greater the male-specific exposure to value-added imports, the greater the chances of being unemployed for male workers in the intermediate-routine occupations, while the effects for other men are insignificant. In the case of female workers, rising import exposure is associated with an increase in the uncertainty related to unemployment for those in least-routine occupations. Finally, for the likelihood of getting married, the effect for female workers is insignificant regardless of the degree of routineness. In the case of men, the likelihood of getting married decreases for males in intermediate-routine occupations when exposure to imported final goods increases, while, on the other hand, males in least-routine occupations are more likely to get married with an increase in exposure to intermediate inputs.

Download or read book Essays on Globalization and Wages in Developing Countries written by Prachi Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Globalisation and Wages in Developing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With reference to India and Mexico; a study.

Download or read book Globalization and Poverty written by Ann Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.

Download or read book Essays on the Impact of Globalization on Relative Wages written by Indro Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Globalization on Wages in the Advanced Economies written by Mr.Phillip Swagel and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-04-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of globalization on labor markets in the advanced economies, focusing particularly on the claim that increased economic integration has widened the gap between the wages of more skilled and less skilled workers. The broad consensus of research is that globalization, both in terms of increased trade as well as increased capital mobility and foreign direct investment, has had only a modest effect on wages. Instead, changes in technology have led to a pervasive shift in demand for labor that has favored skilled workers to the detriment of less skilled workers.

Download or read book Essays on International Trade and Labor Market Outcomes written by Tommaso Tempesti and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Beyond Survival written by Cyrus Bina and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1996 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleven essays addressing a concern for depressed and exploited labor in a global economy and seeking alternatives to the traditional capitalist models. The contributing economic and political scholars analyze global competition and the labor movement, deregulation, privatization, mass production, the office of the future, management resistance, legal challenges, community property rights, and case studies from Sweden and the US Coal industry. Paper edition (unseen) $24.95. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Labor and Global Justice written by Mary C. Rawlinson and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor and Global Justice: Essays on the Ethics of Labor Practices under Globalization combines conceptual and theoretical perspectives across a multiplicity of relevant differences, both geographical and disciplinary, to develop a transnational perspective on labor and justice. Through its multidisciplinary, transnational approach and its engagement with public policy, the contributors advance urgent contemporary debates around work and clearly demonstrate the necessity of articulating the rights of labor to any global ethics or to any concept of global justice. Together, the chapters make evident why justice requires, both theoretically and practically, a rethinking and rearticulation of the relation between labor and capital. Framing the theoretical and practical question of justice in a new way, the editors have gathered addresses scholars across multiple disciplines, including philosophy, international relations, and the social sciences. As the volume emphasizes the connection between the concept of justice and real public policy, it also appeals to human rights workers and labor organizers, as well as those who make the public policies that establish the relation between labor and capital, just or unjust, and that determine the well-being of workers, for good or ill.

Download or read book Globalisation Industrial Restructuring and Labour Standards written by Debdas Banerjee and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2005-07-13 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the current conditions of work in the Indian factory sector, and provides a critical analysis of the wage, profit and productivity behaviour in India’s organised manufacturing sector over the last two decades. Examining the specificities of the conditions of industrial workers, it addresses three major questions:/-//-/- What has happened to the relative shares of profits and wages;/-/- How do we explain the levels and changes and;/-/- Are better labour standards antithetical to the project of industrial restructuring?/-//-/The author also examines the problem of industrial restructuring in India within the broader context of power and inequality in the workplace. He argues that even though the existing laws mandate decent labour conditions, India has been unable to implement them because of the minimalist position taken by successive governments./-//-/Providing new and fascinating insights into industrial growth, labour standards and development in the framework of globalisation, this book will interest students and scholars of economics, economic history, political science and sociology, as well as students of management and labour relations.

Download or read book Essays on the Economic Implications of Globalization written by Kensuke Suzuki and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The broad objective of this dissertation is to understand the economic implications of globalization, with a particular focus on two key aspects: international migration and trade liberalization. The dissertation is comprised of three chapters. In Chapter 1, my coauthor and I examine the impacts of Japan's immigration policy reforms on labor market outcomes and sectoral production across regions. In Chapters 2 and 3, I analyze the effects of China's trade liberalization, specifically its WTO accession in 2001, with a special emphasis on firms' input trade. Chapter 1 examines the impact of immigrant workers on the regional economies of the host country. We focus on Japan, which has expanded the foreign employment in the total workforce over the last three decades in response to the shrinking domestic workforce. We develop a quantitative spatial model to evaluate the gains of foreign employment, i.e., the consequences of an inflow of foreign workers on aggregate welfare, local wages, employment, and production. Our model features three crucial aspects--occupation, region, and sector--that interact with each other to shape the local labor market and production responses to immigration shocks. We quantify the model using the newly available micro-level data on foreign workers and conduct counterfactual exercises to evaluate the past and future immigration policy reforms. We find that in regions where foreign workers tend to gravitate, there was a substantial negative impact on the wages of low-education domestic workers. At a nationwide level, there is a minimal gain of social welfare. We argue that these results suggest that the Japanese labor market is segmented spatially, particularly for low-education workers. We also highlight the importance of the sectoral dimension in understanding the impact of foreign workers. Specifically, the skewed occupational distribution of foreign workers has pronounced implications on sectors that are intensive in occupations with a larger proportion of foreign workers and sectoral input-output linkage plays a key role in determining the regional impacts. Chapter 2 investigates the decision of firms to import intermediate inputs and their impact on firm performance. Previous research in development economics and international trade has highlighted the benefits of imported inputs for firms, including lower marginal cost of production and positive productivity implications from, e.g., interaction with foreign suppliers. Using Chinese firm-level data from the early 2000s, when trade liberalization occurred, I develop a dynamic structural model of a firm's importing decision that captures both static and dynamic benefits of using imported inputs. I estimate the firm's production function while controlling for unobserved productivity and confirms that the marginal cost of production decreases when using imported inputs (i.e., Ethier's love-of-variety effect), and their use has positive impacts on future productivity. By using the estimated model, I show that subsidizing the fixed cost of importing is more effective in increasing the overall import participation rate than subsidizing the startup sunk cost of importing. Chapter 3 examines the impact of trade liberalization on a firm's intermediate imports and aggregate outcomes, with a focus on heterogeneous impacts across locations within a country. I use Chinese firm-level data covering the period of China's trade reforms following its WTO accession in 2001 and finds that coastal firms, despite their geographic advantage in international trade, are less likely to import, use fewer imports, and spend less on imported inputs than inland firms on average. I also find evidence that coastal firms are less likely to import because domestic inputs are more available than in the inland region. To explain these findings, I develop a spatial general equilibrium model of a firm's input trade, which features multiple regions in a country, endogenous market size, and firm selection. I find that a reduction in international trade costs increases market size and the number of active firms in the coastal region, making the domestic input bundle relatively cheaper. As a result, the model replicates the empirical regularities that coastal firms are less likely to import and use fewer imports than inland firms.

Download or read book Labor Statistics Measurement Issues written by John Haltiwanger and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapidly changing technology, the globalization of markets, and the declining role of unions are just some of the factors that have led to dramatic changes in working conditions in the United States. Little attention has been paid to the difficult measurement problems underlying analysis of the labor market. Labor Statistics Measurement Issues helps to fill this gap by exploring key theoretical and practical issues in the measurement of employment, wages, and workplace practices. Some of the chapters in this volume explore the conceptual issues of what is needed, what is known, or what can be learned from existing data, and what needs have not been met by available data sources. Others make innovative uses of existing data to analyze these topics. Also included are papers examining how answers to important questions are affected by alternative measures used and how these can be reconciled. This important and useful book will find a large audience among labor economists and consumers of labor statistics.

Download or read book Globalization and Labor Markets written by E. Kwan Choi and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2001-03-30 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions between the globalization process and labor market adjustment have been the focus of a major research programme in recent years. This volume contains papers by leading trade analysts on all aspects of these interactions embracing theory, empirical evidence and policy dimensions. Contributors include Alan Deardorff, Ronald Jones, Rod Falvey, John Whalley, Doug Nelson and Lars Lundberg.

Download or read book Essays on Globalization Unemployment and Economic Geography written by John Francis and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Globalization Wages and the Quality of Jobs written by Raymond Robertson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-07-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1990s, most developing economies have become more integrated with the world s economy. Trade and foreign investment barriers have been progressively lifted and international trade agreements signed. These reforms have led to important changes in the structures of these economies. The labor markets have adjusted to these major changes, and workers were required to adapt to them in one way or another. In 2006, the Social Protection Unit of the World Bank launched an important research program to understand the impact that these profound structural changes have had on workers in developing countries. 'Globalization, Wages, and the Quality of Jobs: Five Country Studies' presents the findings and insights of this important research program. In particular, the authors present the similar experiences of low-income countries with globalization and suggest that low-income countries working conditions have improved in the sectors exposed to globalization. However, 'Globalization, Wages, and the Quality of Jobs' also highlights concerns about the sustainability of these improvements and that the positive demonstration effects on the rest of the economy are unclear. The empirical literature that exists, although vast, does not lead to a consensus view on globalization s eventual impact on labor markets. Understanding the effects of globalization is crucial for governments concerned about employment, working conditions, and ultimately, poverty reduction. Beyond job creation, improving the quality of those jobs is an essential condition for achieving poverty reduction. 'Globalization, Wages, and the Quality of Jobs' adds to the existing literature in two ways. First, the authors provide a comprehensive literature review on the current wisdom on globalization and present a micro-based framework for analyzing globalization and working conditions in developing countries. Second, the authors apply this framework to five developing countries: Cambodia, El Salvador, Honduras, Indonesia, and Madagascar. This volume will be of interest to government policy makers, trade officials, and others working to expand the benefits of globalization to developing countries.