Download or read book Three Essays on Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Developing Countries written by Nitesh Saha and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on foreign direct investment in developing countries written by Manop Udomkerdmongkol and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries written by Hea-jung Hyun and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book North South Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment written by Jakob Schwab and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jakob Schwab analyzes central mechanisms in the systematic economic interaction between rich and poor countries. He focuses on the drivers and effects of investment in developing countries and shows that predictions of standard economic analysis may turn around when accounting for peculiarities of North-South globalization. The author shows how endowments with educational skill levels may lead to complementarity between trade and capital inflows, how inflows of direct investment capital may hinder income growth in poor countries, and how the distributional effects of the presence of multinational enterprises are perceived differently in countries of different development structures.

Download or read book Essays on Foreign Direct Investment in Three Resource rich Developing Countries written by Haifa Alhamdani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Foreign Direct Investment Financial Development and Economic Institutions written by Heather Mirsaidi Wickramarachi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation seeks to highlight the relationship between foreign investment, financial development, and economic institutions in developing countries. The determinants and impact of foreign investment has been of particular scholarly interest over the past two decades, with only recent focus on developing countries. The first two chapters focus on the institutional determinants (domestic and international) of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. The third chapter accesses the domestic distributional consequences of foreign investment in developing countries.The first chapter focuses on the domestic institutional determinants of foreign direct investment and financial deepening. Specifically, I create an institutional quality index that addresses investors desire to know more about the institutional environment within developing countries. Building upon and expanding previous theoretical frameworks for determinants of foreign and domestic capital flows, I utilize cross-sectional empirical analysis to assess the role that institutions play in promoting financial development and foreign direct investment. I find that institutional quality has a positive and significant on both foreign direct investment and financial deepening.This second chapter examines the significance of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in promoting FDI between developing (South-South) countries. Drawing on intra-regional investment data from MENA countries, this paper initiates the examination of South-South BITs, their impact on FDI, and the theoretical channels through which changes in FDI occur. The results of my time-series cross-sectional analysis suggest that the signing of South-South BITs have a positive impact on FDI flows, but under different circumstances than North-South agreements.The final chapter considers the distributional consequences of foreign direct investment in developing countries. Specifically, I access the impact of foreign investment on the level of democracy and the level of income inequality. Additionally, I estimate the intervening impact of domestic financial development and how this interacts with FDI and the dependent variables. I find that in a sample of developing countries, FDI increases levels of democracy, as well income inequality, and that domestic financial development has an interactive effect.

Download or read book Three Essays on Developing Countries and Foreign Direct Investment written by Youngchae Lee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "My dissertation is motivated by the question, "In an era of ever-increasing global economic integration, why do some developing countries continually struggle to attract foreign direct investment (FDI)?" I explain this phenomenon by highlighting the interaction between international law and domestic institutions, and illustrating how this dynamic affects FDI in developing countries. My methods involve large-N quantitative analyses of developing countries, supported by case studies. The first chapter, "The Effects of Federalism and decentralization on the Business Environment for Foreign Direct Investment," shows that while developing countries often sign bilateral investment treaties (BITs) to commit to a stable policy environment, the effectiveness of these treaties in improving policy stability is reduced by federalism and decentralization. According to international law, national governments are legally responsible for any BIT violations that occur within their territories, even when the violation was committed by a subnational-level government. One implication of this is that when foreign investors initiate international arbitration claims over alleged BIT violations, the respondents are always national governments. This gives subnational governments weaker incentives than national governments to comply with BITs, which decreases the effectiveness of BITs in promoting policy stability in countries where subnational governments are relatively powerful. The second chapter, "Can Rational Choice Explain Bilateral Investment Treaties? How Lack of Legal Capacity Affects BIT Signing," argues that a country's legal capacity affects its ability to fully evaluate the consequences of BITs. I show that countries with federal and decentralized governments are more likely to be embroiled in international investment disputes over alleged violations of BITs, but that only countries with higher legal capacity are likely to adjust for this increased risk by signing fewer BITs. This demonstrates that a country's ability to behave in a "rational" manner when signing international treaties is dependent on its level of legal expertise. The third chapter, "The Effects of Judicial Independence on Foreign Direct Investment and International Arbitration Laws," studies how developing countries with institutional disadvantages use international alternatives to promote FDI, and how this differs by regime type. I show that in democratic countries, a decrease in judicial independence is associated with lower FDI inflows. Countries facing this problem respond by being more likely to adopt laws that provide investors with the option of international arbitration. These patterns are, however, not observed in autocratic countries. This is because in autocratic countries, the government can provide foreign investors with opportunities to collude with the government and extract rents at the expense of the public, making them less dependent on judicial independence to attract FDI"--Pages vii-ix.

Download or read book Essays on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries written by Mumtaz Hussain Shah and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter assesses the relative importance of WTO accession in general and that of its three major components, that is, TRIMS, TRIPS and liberalisation in particular in increasing a developing country's attractiveness for overseas investors. Using annual data for a panel of 90 developing countries over the years 1980-2007, I found that trade and investment liberalization, removal of market distortions through TRIMS, strengthening and worldwide harmonisation of IPR standards through TRIPS adds to a developing country's ability to host additional FDI. Consistent with the prediction of the market size hypothesis, population is found to have a significant positive effect on inward FDI. WTO membership, agglomeration and sound macroeconomic management have plausible significant effects on FDI inflows. Traditional FDI factors such as infrastructure availability, financial development and education, though regarded as important location determinants, are not robust with respect to alternative proxies and specification of the estimating model. Language and geographic location dummies confirm that foreign firms prefer Anglophones, and are reluctant to invest in South Asia and Francophone countries. In the second chapter, I investigate the effects of linkage factors with OECD countries on FDI inflows into leading/emerging developing countries. I use the standard gravity model approach, utilising annual data for 12 developing host and 16 OECD source countries from 1990 to 2007, to demonstrate that the increased association between a developed and a developing country is associated with large positive foreign direct investment inflows to the developing country. I found that a bilateral investment treaty, trade agreement and adherence to intellectual property rights conventions/treaties, results in increased FDI inflows, and are increasing with market size of the partners and their geographical proximity to each other. Moreover, I have shown that this effect occurs not only in case of bilateral accords but also multilateral and global pacts involving other countries, signalling increased commitment of the host country to potential overseas investors. However, their effect is more profound when the source and host countries are both members of/adhere to the same pact. These findings are found to be robust across different estimation techniques, model specifications and alternate proxies for variables1 Finally, in the third chapter, I explore the effects of corruption and political and economic institutions on foreign direct investment inflows in five South Asian nations, that is, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Owing to the long-term relationship with the host, strong institutions and absence of corruption and bureaucratic intervention are crucial location advantages of host countries, especially for those which lack abundant natural resources to attract foreign investors like the SAARC economies. For a thorough analysis, I exploited not only the aggregate measures of institutional strength from Fraser Institute, Polity IV and Freedom House from 1970-2009 but also the disaggregated clearly focused set of institutional measures from the Political Risk Services, that are, the sub-components of the International Country Risk Guide for 1984-2008. I found that changes in the institutional variables do not have an overall significant positive impact on FDI when aggregate measures of institutional efficiency are employed. However, when these collective measures are disaggregated to a more clearly focused set of factors, their increased effectiveness leads to additional FDI inflows at least for some indicators.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Impacts of Risk and Uncertainty on Foreign Direct Investment FDI and Remittances Flows Into Developing Countries written by Blen Solomon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-essay dissertation focuses on the two most important and most stable sources of finance to developing countries, namely Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and remittances. The first essay examines the roles of exchange rate uncertainty and political risk in determining FDI inflows into African economies. The past few decades have witnessed a surge of FDI inflows to developing regions. However, FDI inflows to Africa still remain relatively small and investor surveys show political risk and macroeconomic uncertainty to be strong deterrents of FDI inflows into Africa. In this essay, I use a sample of 12 African countries and employ Fixed Effect and Arellano-Bond GMM estimators to investigate the impact of exchange rate uncertainty and political risk on FDI inflows into African economies. The results confirm the predictions of the theoretical model presented, showing both macroeconomic uncertainty and political risk to be deterrents of FDI inflows into these African economies. The second essay is concerned with the unbalanced FDI inflow patterns across developing regions.1 In addition to the traditional determinants of FDI, such as infrastructure development, market size, and labor force availability, the question of whether political risk and exchange rate uncertainty play a role in determining these patterns is addressed. This essay employs data on FDI inflows into Africa, Asia, and Latin America to conduct a cross-region comparison on the impacts of risk and uncertainty on FDI inflows. Parametric as well as semiparametric results show that risk affects FDI into Africa more severely than other developing regions. In addition, it is shown that even after controlling important FDI determinants, African countries receive less FDI compared to other developing countries. The third essay focuses on remittances which are becoming an increasingly important and highly stable source of external finance for many developing countries. The stable and counter-cyclical nature of remittances exerts a stabilizing influence and helps insulate vulnerable developing countries from economic shocks. Hence, the third essay analyzes the effects of uncertainty and risk in affecting remittances inflows into these economies. This essay mainly focuses on Latin America since it is now the main remittance recipient region in the world.

Download or read book Essays on Developing Economies written by Michał Kalecki and published by Hassocks, Eng. : Harvester Press ; Atlantic Highlands, N.J. : Humanities Press. This book was released on 1976 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on FDI Growth and Political Instability in Developing Countries written by Kevin Williams and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in development strategies in developing countries. In particular, policy makers in developing countries and development agencies alike believe that FDI is growth enhancing, as suggested by their policy stand (in particular, promoting measures to facilitate and attract FDI). FDI is different from other types of capital flows as it involves not only the capital itself, but also transfers in the form of technology diffusion and skills, managerial expertise and know-how, and the introduction of new processing methods (Rodrik and Subramanian, 2008). These serve to modernize the recipient economy and support productivity gains, which in turn are expected to improve growth performance. The evidence of this thesis suggests that the flow of FDI in developing countries is likely to be affected by high debt, high inflation, and constraints on the executive (XCONST), market size and good infrastructure quality. However, the flow of FDI in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is affected differently: infrastructure is more important (relative to developing countries) for the type of FDI attracted to LAC. The impact of FDI on growth is direct i.e. not conditional on other country characteristics, contrary to Alfaro et al. (2004), Hermes and Lensink (2003), and Borensztein et al. (1998) that argue that the effect of FDI on growth is conditional. However, LAC can boost economic growth by investing in human capital development, as FDI does not induce growth directly in LAC. FDI and growth are endogenously related, and the effect is bidirectional: from FDI to growth and from growth to FDI. Political instability affects growth, but the effect depends on the dimensions of political instability and appears to vary for different regions: instability of the regime and protest affect growth, while violence doesn’t appear to affect either growth or FDI, and the higher incidence of political instability in SSA affects growth differently in SSA relative to developing countries.

Download or read book Essays on Foreign Direct Investment and Growth written by Mousumi Duttaray and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bet nkande med utredning och f rslag ang ende barnmorskev sendet written by and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Relationship Between Policy Uncertainty and Foreign Direct Investment written by Chikezie Kenneth Okoli and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when an entity in one country establishes a significant degree of ownership in an enterprise in another country. FDI is a critical component in ensuring the development of any economy. It often aids with the development of an industry or sector within an economy by bringing in capital, new technologies, manufacturing methodologies, and managing expertise to the receiving country. This dissertation examines the relationship between policy uncertainty and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developed economies. The first essay focuses on U.S. policy uncertainty and its effects on U.S. FDI inflows, while the second essay focuses on the cross-border effect of U.S. policy uncertainty on its neighbours FDI inflows. The third essay focuses on how policy uncertainty affects the investment entry mode choices of multinational enterprises. In the first essay, I add to the discussion surrounding Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and its relationship with policy uncertainty by employing novel measures of policy uncertainty in the United States. Drawing some conclusions from the Real Options investment theory, I examine the relationship between policy uncertainty and FDI inflows using different measures of policy uncertainty. Overall, I find that an increase in the Partisan Conflict (PC) index increases the flow of FDI into the United States. This finding appears at odds with what has previously been found in the literature regarding political uncertainty and FDI. Using other measures of policy uncertainty such as the Economic Policy Uncertainty index (EPU) and the categorical EPU (CPU) index the estimated results show policy uncertainty as measured by the EPU index, decreases FDI into manufacturing sectors and decreases FDI into non-manufacturing sectors. This effect varies depending on the sample period being examined. However, when policy uncertainty is measured by the CPU index, policy uncertainty has no impact on FDI inflows to the United States regardless of the type of industry or capital intensity. The second essay examines how U.S. policy uncertainty spillovers affect its neighbours within the context of FDI inflows. Adopting a common framework employed in the literature, I utilize a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to examine the contemporaneous relationships between the endogenous and exogenous variables. The two spillover transmission methods examined in this paper are Direct Transmission and Indirect Transmission. The empirical analysis conducted showed that the significance of U.S. policy uncertainty spillovers varied by country and the method of transmission. Canadian FDI inflows from the United States and from the rest of the world were shown to be more susceptible to the negative effects of U.S. policy uncertainty spillovers via the direct channel. But the results remained mixed when considering the indirect channel. For Mexico, the results showed that only U.S. FDI inflows to Mexico were susceptible to the negative effects of U.S. policy uncertainty via the indirect channel. Furthermore, when policy uncertainty spillovers were defined between Partisan Conflict (PC) index and the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index, the results showed that only EPU spillovers were significant in affecting FDI across Canada and Mexico. The third essay examines the mode of entry that Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs) adopt in the presence of host market policy uncertainty. Employing a two-stage framework, I examine how Japanese MNEs establish foreign affiliates in 25 countries. In the first stage, the firms decide whether to adopt a direct or an indirect mode of entry in the presence of host market policy uncertainty. A direct entry mode is when the MNE has an ownership share in the affiliate that is greater than 10% while an indirect entry mode is when the MNE has no ownership shares in the affiliate but sets the operational and business goals of the affiliate. The results show that Japanese MNEs preferred an indirect mode of entry when faced with medium levels of policy uncertainty. In the second stage the estimated results show that relatively high levels of policy uncertainty caused Japanese MNEs to prefer minority Joint Ventures over establishing Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. Since 58% of observed investments occur in two countries (China, the United States) it is possible that the results of the analysis are being driven by the concentration of investments in both countries. Therefore, I re-examine the model to focus exclusively on investment activities in China and the United States. These results show that the previously described results were due to the investment activity in these two countries.

Download or read book Trade and Investment in a Globalising World written by H. Peter Gray and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over a career in economics spanning 40 years, Peter Gray has made significant contributions and syntheses in a variety of subfields in international economics. This work presents essays by eminent scholars in the fields of International Trade and Investment written in honour of H Peter Gray. Contributors include John Dunning, and Gabriel Benito.

Download or read book Three Essays on Foreign Investment written by Krishna Srinivasan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The New Global Economy and the Developing Countries written by Gerald K. Helleiner and published by Aldershot, Hants : E. Elgar. This book was released on 1990 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises papers and articles originally published between 1981 and 1989.