Download or read book Essays on Female Labour Supply and Fertility written by Bruno André Rodrigues Coelho and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the labour supply and fertility decisions of women in France. In Chapter 2, I estimate a hierarchical model using French and German micro-data. The aim is to see how the French and German regions differ, once you control for individual variables. Chapter 3 examines the impact of first, second and third births on the labour supply and wages of women and men. The question here is to see to what extent these births have a negative impact, and perhaps even a positive one in the case of men. Chapter 4 examines how long a mother spends out of work after the birth of her first child, and how she decides to return to work. A competing risks model is used for this. Chapter 5 presents version control software. This type of software greatly simplifies scientific production.

Download or read book Essays on Female Labor Supply and Fertility written by Minhee Kim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interdependencies Between Fertility and Women s Labour Supply written by Anna Matysiak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explores interlinkages between women’s employment and fertility at both a macro- and a micro-level in EU member states, Norway and Switzerland. Similarly as many other studies on the topic, it refers to the cross-country variation in the macro-context for explaining cross-country differences in women’s labour supply and fertility levels. However, in contrast to other studies, which mainly focus on Western Europe, it extends the discussion to Central and Eastern European countries. Furthermore, it looks at the macro-context from a multi-dimensional perspective, indicating its four dimensions as relevant for fertility and women’s employment choices: economic (living standards), institutional (family policies), structural (labour market structures), and cultural (social norms). A unique feature of the study is the development of indices that measure the intensity of institutional, structural, and cultural incompatibilities between women’s employment and fertility. These indices are used for ranking European countries from the perspective of the country-specific conditions for work and family reconciliation. A country where these conditions are the worst, but where women are additionally perceived as important income providers, is picked up for an in-depth empirical study of the interrelationship between fertility and women’s employment choices. Finally, against the review of theoretical concepts predominantly used for studying interdependencies between fertility and women’s labour supply the book assesses the micro-level empirical studies available on the topic and proposes an analytical approach for modelling the two variables. Thereby, it also contributes to methodological developments in the field.

Download or read book Female Labour Market Behaviour and Fertility written by Jacques J. Siegers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1987, the investigation of the relationship between female labour market behaviour and fertility, which forms part of the research programme of the Economic Institute / Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Labour Market and Distribution Issues (CIAV) of Utrecht University, also became a part of the research programme of the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI). Since then, I have been entrusted with research on this topic. In this context, I acted on a suggestion made by Frans Willekens to organize an international workshop, with the help of other members of the NIDI staff and with the administrative and organizational support of the NIDI. This resulted in the workshop "Female Labour Market Behaviour and Fertility: Preferences, Restrictions, Behaviour," held at the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute in The Hague, April 20-22, 1989, under the auspices of the European Association for Population Studies (EAPS). In this workshop, demographers, econometricians, economists, psychologists and socio logists discussed the paths to a truly interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between female labour market behaviour and fertility. Such an interdisciplinary approach requires a common theoretical framework. The rational-choice framework was considered to be best suited to this purpose. As a consequence, the workshop was not only structured by what was studied, but also by how it was studied. This volume consists of the papers presented at the above-mentioned workshop, as revised by the authors in collaboration with the editors.

Download or read book Essays on Female Labor Supply and Fertility Responses to Marital Dissolution written by Tsu-Yu Tsao and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Female Labor Supply and Marriage in Developing Countries written by Neha Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents three chapters on female labor supply and marital stability in developing countries. The first two chapters focus on female labor supply in India. In the first chapter, I study the relationship between husband's earning and female labor supply of married women in India. Despite economic growth, fertility reductions, and improvement in education, female labor force participation in India declined from 35% to 27% between 1999 and 2012. This chapter examines the degree to which the decline can be attributed to an increase in the earnings of married males. Using two datasets and three sources of variation in married male earnings, I find a robust and negative elasticity of married female labor supply with respect to married male earnings. Subgroup and robustness analyses indicate the presence of a household-level income effect. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that this relationship can account for over 40% of the above decline in married female labor supply. Continuing with this investigation in the second chapter, I study the role of other spatial and individual characteristics behind the changes in female labor supply in India during the same period. Based on the decomposition analysis of changes in labor supply for paid versus unpaid work in rural areas, I find that geographical characteristics, such as the capital intensity of agriculture, are important drivers of changes in married female labor force participation in paid jobs but not in unpaid jobs. Individual-level variables, such as age, education, caste, and religion, are significant determinants of both paid and unpaid labor jobs of married women in rural India. In the third chapter, we study the effect of fertility challenges faced by couples on divorce in developing countries. Using the Demographic and Health Surveys from 66 countries over 23 years, we find that, infertility, the first-born child being a daughter, and death of the first-born child significantly increase the likelihood of divorce in a marriage. These findings lend support for the implications of theoretical analysis by Becker (1977), which says that unanticipated shocks increase marital instability by generating greater differences between the expected and actual utility from a union.

Download or read book Empirical Essays on Women in the Labour Force Fertility and Education written by Hiau Joo Kee and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Fertility and Women in the Labor Market written by Selim Choi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examineswomen's fertility choices and their experiences in the labor market. In particular, I provide insights on how fertility choices of important women's labor market behavior and outcomes in this thesis. In Chapter 2, I investigate the response of women's fertility choices to financial incentives. I estimate the impact of, a cash-transfer type of pro-natalist policy on the probability and timing of births by evaluating the case of South Korean 'baby bonus' policy called 'birth encouragement grants. I use the sample of married women taken from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Studies (KLIPS) and rely on the regional and over-time variation of the grant amounts for identification. There is the concern of endogeneity since the shared fertility patterns in the same county can affect the grant setting decision of county governments. I address thist by controlling for county fixed effects and the trend of pre-policy determinants of birth encouragement grants. Through this analysis, I find that the birth encouragement grants do not influence the fertility choices of women in Korea. Further, the results of the analysis imply that the work status and the earnings of women may be more significant factor of their fertility choices. In Chapter 3, I estimate the magnitude of the career cost of motherhood for working women in Korea, as the conclusion of Chapter 2 implies that the women's fertility choices may be more closely related with their labor market outcome than the direct financial cost of having children. Using the Korea Labor and Income Panel Studies (KLIPS) data, I estimate the family gap in pay and job change frequency of Korean women. Unlike previous studies that only address the sample selection problem from low labor force participation of mothers, I further acknowledge that the prospect of pay and job change after childbirth can affect the fertility choices and address it by using instrumental variables. I find that motherhood induces about one job change and a 37% wage discount in South Korea; these findings are significantly different from the estimates derived from the type of specification frequently used in other studies, the fixed effect model with the Heckman selection correction. The Heckman model indicates only a 7~9% wage discount. That is, the presence of children reduces the mothers pay from their earning potentials by 7~9%. I also find that the family gap in pay can be partially explained by the information on job retention during childbirth and childrearing period. In Chapter 4, I evaluate the presence of sex discrimination in the job placement in labor market. Theoretically, uncertainty about the career breaks for children associated with female workers may drive firms to set higher bars for women for employment. Using the Youth Panel 2007 of South Korea and its rich information about college students' educational backgrounds and future plans, I restrict the sample to the college seniors who indicated planning to seek large corporation jobs through their annual open recruitments, which are supposed to be fair and merit-based. Then, using a variation of the classical Oaxaca-Blinder method (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder, 1973), I decompose the male-female difference in the probability of being placed in the large corporation jobs after college into the parts that can be explained by the average differences in the characteristics by sex and the part that cannot be explained by the characteristics. I focus on the labor market outcome of the first job of the college graduates to minimize the impact of unobservable factors of the gender gap in the labor market outcome other than the discrimination such as women sorting out for easier jobs once they form a family. The result supports the presence of sex discrimination in the large corporation open recruitments in Korea and confirms that female college students must make more human capital investments or 'pass higher bars' to have the same chance of employment by large corporations.

Download or read book A Dynamic Structured Analysis of Female Labour Supply and Fertility written by Marco Francesconi and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Demographic Dividend written by David Bloom and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-02-13 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.

Download or read book Essays on Motherhood and Female Labour Supply written by Marianne Simonsen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Ambition Decisions written by Hana Schank and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "These are the 'know your value' conversations that we need to have. These women--their challenges, choices, and successes--are all of us." --Mika Brzezinski Over the last sixty years, women's lives have transformed radically from generation to generation. Without a template to follow--a way to peek into the future to catch a glimpse of what leaving this job or marrying that person might mean to us decades from now--women make important decisions blindly, groping for a way forward, winging it, and hoping it all works out. As they faced unexpectedly fraught decisions about their own lives, journalists Hana Schank and Elizabeth Wallace found themselves wondering about the women they'd graduated alongside. What happened to these women who seemed set to reap the rewards of second-wave feminism, on the brink of taking over the world? Where did their ambition lead them? So they tracked down their classmates and, over several hundred hours of interviews, gathered and mapped data about real women's lives that has been missing from our conversations about women and the workplace. Whether you're deciding if you should pass up a promotion in favor of more flex time, planning when to get pregnant, or wondering what the ramifications are of being the only person in your house who ever unloads the dishwasher, The Ambition Decisions is a guide to the changes that may seem arbitrary but are life defining, by women who've been there. Organized by theme, each chapter draws on real women's stories of facing down crisis, transition, and decision-making to illustrate broader trends Schank and Wallace observed. Each chapter wraps up with a useful bulleted list of questions to consider and tips to integrate that will guide women of all ages along the way to finding purpose and passion in work and life.

Download or read book Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.

Download or read book Women in Labour Markets written by Sara Elder and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an analysis of 12 indicators from the ILO Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. The aim is to look for progress or lack of progress towards the goal of gender equality in the world of work and identify where and why blockages to labour market equity continue to exist. Focuses on the relationship of women to labour markets and compares employment outcomes for men and women to the best degree possible given the available labour market indicators.

Download or read book Fertility Class and Gender in Britain 1860 1940 written by Simon Szreter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-25 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an original interpretation of the history of falling fertilities in Britain between 1860 and 1940. It integrates the approaches of the social sciences and of demographic, feminist, and labour history with intellectual, social, and political history. It exposes the conceptual and statistical inadequacies of the orthodox picture of a national, unitary class-differential fertility decline, and presents an entirely new analysis of the famous 1911 fertility census of England and Wales. Surprising and important findings emerge concerning the principal methods of birth control: births were spaced from early on in marriage; and sexual abstinence by married couples was a far more significant practice than previously imagined. The author presents a new general approach to the study of fertility change, raising central issues concerning the relationship between history and social science.

Download or read book Handbook of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.