Download or read book Essays on Corporate Venture Capital written by Julian Ludat and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Venture Capital written by Rajarishi Basantraj Nahata and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Corporate Venture Capital written by Boris Bauke and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Corporate Venture Capital written by Vladimir Ivanov Ivanov and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Empirical Essays on Corporate Innovation written by Sergey Anokhin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Entrepreneurial Finance written by Hyunsung Daniel Kang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation is focused on developing a better understanding of the technology and innovation strategies of corporations and their impacts on firm performance. I am particularly interested in corporate venture capital (CVC), which serves as a strategy for accessing external technology for corporate investors and as an alternative source of financing and complementary assets for start-ups. I have investigated the conditions under which corporate investors and start-ups achieve the strategic goals by establishing CVC ties, and on estimating the technological and financial gains created by the CVC ties. Specifically, I have concentrated on when and where CVC ties are established in order to maximize economic value. The former relates to a timing issue, whereas the latter is a space issue of CVC investments. In the first essay, I examine corporate investors' decisions to establish CVC ties and their subsequent strategic actions. Consistent with the real options perspective on CVC investments, I find that CVC investments can help corporate investors effectively search for and select future acquisition or licensing partners by reducing asymmetric information and uncertainty that may characterize markets for technology. Specifically, CVC investments facilitate the external acquisition of technology by substituting for a corporate investor's absorptive capacity, as reflected by its upstream research capabilities. CVC investments instead complement the portfolio of internally generated new products, since they allow highly productive corporate investors to shift their focus onto exploratory initiatives with the objective of selecting future technology and partners. Finally, CVC investments facilitate exploratory investments in distant technological areas that are subsequently integrated through licensing or acquisitions. These findings contribute to emerging research on the organization and financing patterns of external R & D activities. In the second essay, I investigate the nature of the relationship between technological spillovers and capital gains created by CVC investments for corporate investors. Using a simple equilibrium model and data from the global bio-pharmaceutical industry between 1986 and 2007, I find that these technological spillovers and capital gains are complements. This complementarity is enhanced when CVC investments are made in post-IPO and technologically diversified start-ups. Beyond providing a broad benchmark for heterogeneous returns on CVC investments, this study has important implications for corporate investors and start-ups. In particular, to the extent that capital gain is greatly determined by changes in the market values of start-ups, it implies that CVC investments can create value for start-ups as well as corporate investors. These mutual benefits can be greatly determined by when (e.g., post-IPO start-ups) and where (e.g., technologically diversified start-ups) CVC investments are made. In the third essay, I analyze the contextual factors that impact the probability of start-ups' obtaining financing through independent venture capitalists and corporate investors. The systematic empirical evidence based on a three-stage game theoretic model suggests that start-ups that possess better evaluated technology tend to be financed through independent venture capitalists, rather than corporate investors. In contrast, start-ups tend to be financed through corporate investors, rather than independent venture capitalists, when their intellectual properties are effectively protected and their research pipelines contain multiple products. These findings provide a theoretical basis to explain why several types of investors co-exist in the entrepreneurial financing market. Moreover, the existence of such determinants indicates that, although investors traditionally have been viewed as the powerful partner that dominates the investment decision, start-ups are also active decision makers in investment ties.

Download or read book Three essays on venture capital contracting written by Ibolya Schindele and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Essence of sustainable corporate venture capital performance essays on CVC success written by Daniel Matthias Fischer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Venture Capital written by Laura Lindsey and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Venture Capital Corporate Governance and Earnings Management written by Yael V. Hochberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Entrepreneurial Finance and Venture Capital written by Sungjoung Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first essay, I examine what motivates young startup firms to rely on external intellectual property rights. While startups are better suited to exploration than exploitation, I find that approximately 10% of VC-backed companies acquire external patents while still private. They are neither low-quality firms nor firms with low patent output, lending little support to the hypothesis that patent acquisition is a response to low productivity. Rather, patent litigation risk appears to play an important role. Startup firms are significantly more likely to buy external patents when they are sued for patent infringement or exposed to a high threat of litigation. Using a difference-in-differences design around the Supreme Court decision Alice Corp. vs. CLS Bank, I show that firms whose patent litigation risks are reduced the most become significantly less likely to buy patents. Consistent with these findings and with the litigation risk preventing firms from reaching their full potential, firms buying patents are significantly less likely to go public. The second essay (with Michelle Lowry and Yiming Qian) examines mutual fund investments in private firms. Historically, a key advantage of being a public firm was broader access to capital, from a disperse group of shareholders. In recent years, such capital has increasingly become available to private firms as well. We document a dramatic increase over the past twenty years in the number of mutual funds participating in private markets and in the dollar value of these private firm investments. We evaluate several factors that potentially contribute to this trend: firms seeking extra capital to postpone public listing, mutual funds seeking higher risk-adjusted returns and initial public offering (IPO) allocations, and venture capitalists (VCs) seeking new investors to substantiate higher valuations. Results provide the strongest support for the first two factors. The final essay explores potential conflicts of interest in venture capital investments. VC firms occasionally make investments in startups founded by their own employees. The agency hypothesis predicts that this practice is motivated by conflicts of interest-VCs pursue their private benefits by financing themselves or coworkers. Alternatively, the information hypothesis posits that VCs are utilizing their networks-the connection with founders enable VCs to better evaluate the prospects of the venture. Using historical employment data in Crunchbase, I identify connections between entrepreneurs and VC firms. My findings provide strong support for the information hypothesis. Startups raising financing from connected VCs outperform their peers in the long run. VCs exhibit superior investment performance from connected deals, and these deals generate higher demand from other VCs as well. Finally, VCs making investments in connected startups are better able to raise follow-on funds. In sum, my findings suggest that, in the venture capital industry, private benefits from self-dealing is not sufficient enough to outweigh reputation concerns and/or the potential financial compensation from investing in better companies.

Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Innovation and Shareholder Activism written by Yifei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter studies whether and how corporate venture capital (CVC) spurs changes in firm scope. Using two sets of firm scope metrics, a text-based emerging business measure and Compustat segment measures, I document that CVC investments are strongly associated with subsequent firm scope changes of the CVC corporate parent, including seeding emerging businesses, establishing new divisions, terminating obsolete divisions, and changing the primary industry. Further evidence is consistent with an experimentation view of CVC investments, with more promising ventures having a stronger impact on scope changes of parent firms. Finally, to sharpen the causality, I explore idiosyncratic fund inflow shocks of those connected independent VCs for each CVC program, as well as the US non-stop airline routes.In the second chapter, we investigate the impact of hedge fund activism on corporate transaction markets. We find that activism targets as well as firms exposed to hedge fund threats receive more merger bids, increase divestitures and make fewer acquisitions, with the acquisition effect concentrated among large firms. We document that the majority of activist campaigns are clustered by industry, and estimate that the simultaneous increase in asset sales and decrease in acquisitions in such activism clusters reduce real asset liquidity for asset sellers by about 35%. The liquidity squeeze produces two effects: transaction prices are reduced, and industry outsiders provide liquidity by purchasing more industry assets. Looking at short-term price pressure and long-run performance, we present evidence that transactions by activist targets are less affected by the reduced asset liquidity than those of other firms.The third chapter investigates which kind of targeted firms benefit the most from hedge fund activism campaigns. I first document that ex-ante better governance firms experience larger value and performance improvements after activism campaigns. Moreover, good governance firms operating in relatively competitive industries benefit the most from hedge fund activism campaigns among all targeted firms. Both results are counter-intuitive since ex-ante good governance firms operating in relatively competitive industries should suffer the least from agency costs and have already operated on the industry efficiency frontier. As a result, further value improvements should be minimal. I provide a new explanation for the puzzling results through the success likelihood of activist campaigns and value improvement conditional on campaign success.

Download or read book Essays on International Venture Capital written by Arash Soleimani Dahaj and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Venture Capital firms (VCs), compared with other sources of financing, are known to be a value-adding source of finance for high-growth entrepreneurial firms. Venture capital has transitioned from a local to an international subject in recent years. In this thesis , I address three important aspects of the international venture capital research area. In the first essay, I answer these questions: do venture capital firms decide to invest in a cross-border company based solely on their own international experience, or do they also decide based on other venture capital firms' behaviour in investing in that country? I address these questions by investigating vicarious and experiential learning in the venture capital context, focusing on US cross-border venture capital investment data from 2000 to 2013. The analysis indicates that, on average, venture capital firms use both experiential and vicarious learning strategies in making their cross-border investment decisions. Moreover, the effect of experiential learning is greater than that of vicarious learning, and a venture capital firm's size moderates this effect. In the second essay, I answer this question: do government venture capital funds crowd-in or crowd-out international private venture capital investment? The crowding-in effect arises when international private venture capital benefits from government subsidies through the enhancement of an entrepreneurial ecosystem and investment syndication. The crowding-out effect arises when government venture capital competes with private venture capital, bidding up deal prices and lowering returns, thereby spurring local private venture capitalists to invest internationally. I examine data from 26 countries from 1998 to 2013. The analysis indicates that, on average, more mixed-structured government venture capital investments than pure-structured government investments in a country crowds-in domestic and foreign private venture capitalists internationally. Moreover, the effect of both structures is greater on domestic private venture capitalists than on foreign ones. In the third essay, I investigate whether government venture capital practices in Canada promote a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem, by analyzing the effect of these practices on domestic and cross-border venture capital investments by private venture capital firms separately. I research the following two questions in parallel: a) Does Canadian government venture capital investment attract private venture capital firms to invest in the domestic market? b) Does Canadian government venture capital investment lead to, or prevent, domestic private venture capital firms from investing in other countries? I find that Canadian government venture capital investment has no measurable impact on private venture capital firms' decisions to invest in the domestic market. I also find that certain of the Canadian government's venture capital programs have displaced private venture capital, although with negligible impact, towards cross-border VC markets, primarily to the United States.

Download or read book Essays in Corporate Finance written by Nomalia Manna and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate strategies have always been an important part of the Finance literature. Firms and corporations constantly update their strategies and adopt new ways to combat the ever-changing market dynamics and reap benefits from various corporate activities. My thesis includes three essays that span over different strategies adopted by corporations and corporate boards to mitigate issues resulting from corporate deals, competition, and regulations. In the first essay, I examine if targets of serial acquirers retain or hire a specific type of financial advisors. Using pairwise matching between target firms and potential financial advisors, I find that 41% of firms targeted by serial acquirers use the financial advisor of a previous target of the same acquirer. After controlling for prior relations and reputation, I find that targets hire these advisors with a significantly higher likelihood than others. These targets earn higher returns and can complete deals sooner. On the other hand, serial acquirers suffer from lower returns. The results suggest that targets adopting this strategy of hiring "repeated advisors" gain an information advantage. The "repeated advisors" collect knowledge about the acquirers from prior deal negotiations and can transfer this information to the later targets. The results also provide a potential explanation for why serial acquirers perform poorly in their later deals. The second essay (with Sungjoung Kwon) studies the choices of corporate venturing by public corporations. While existing literature on corporate venture capital (CVC) primarily focuses on investments through CVC units, corporations frequently make investments in startups directly. We document that between 2000 and 2019, approximately 42% of deals made by U.S. public firms were through direct investments, and 90% of public firms with CVC units also made direct investments in startups. The agency hypothesis predicts that managers use direct investments to entrench themselves. In contrast, the organizational friction hypothesis posits that firms rely on direct investments to address immediate strategic goals. Our findings provide strong support for the organization friction hypothesis. Firms directly invest in startups whose operations are highly correlated with theirs and which are less likely to be potential investment targets of their CVC units. Using a difference-in-differences design around the introduction of Amazon Elastic Computer Cloud, we find that firms increase direct investments (but not investments through their CVC units) when the entry of startups increases. Overall, our findings shed light on choices of corporate venturing under different firm strategies. The final essay investigates the effects of merger objection lawsuits on acquirers and deal outcomes. In recent years these lawsuits have significantly increased in numbers, and a majority of them usually settle with the addition of more information to the proxy statements and substantive attorney fees. Since these settlements do not benefit the shareholders, most merger litigations are deemed as frivolous lawsuits in recent years. In response to this, in January 2016, Delaware Chancery Court introduced In re Trulia ruling, which states that the court will dismiss all lawsuits leading to "disclosure-only" settlements. This phenomenon lowered the massive volume of merger lawsuits faced by firms. Using this quasi-natural shock to the settlements of litigations, I find that acquirers incorporated in the states that adopted this ruling perform more acquisitions post-2016 and complete deals faster. I also find that such deals do not result in negative acquirer returns or higher offer premiums. Overall, the results indicate that this ruling provided some relief for the acquirers from the nuisance of the frivolous lawsuits.

Download or read book VC written by Tom Nicholas and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From nineteenth-century whaling to a multitude of firms pursuing entrepreneurial finance today, venture finance reflects a deep-seated tradition in the deployment of risk capital in the United States. Tom Nicholas’s history of the venture capital industry offers a roller coaster ride through America’s ongoing pursuit of financial gain.

Download or read book Essays on Corporate Investment Dynamics written by Ryan Heath Peters and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains two paper. The first, "Volatility and Venture Capital," demonstrates that the performance of venture capital (VC) investments load positively on shocks to aggregate return volatility. I document this novel source of risk at the asset-class, fund, and portfolio-company levels. The positive relation between VC performance and volatility is driven by the option-like structure of VC investments, especially by VCs' contractual option to reinvest. At the asset-class level, shocks to aggregate volatility explain a substantial fraction of VC returns. At the fund level, consistent with the reinvestment channel, this exposure is concentrated in years two through four of fund life and in early-stage VC funds, which have more embedded reinvestment options. For VC-backed portfolio companies, volatility shocks correlate with faster and more frequent reinvestment. The level of volatility at the time of investment has no relation with future performance, consistent with competitive markets. Overall, my results imply that the option-like features of VC investments are first-order determinants of risk in VC.The second paper, "Intangible Capital and the Investment-q Relation," shows that the neoclassical theory of investment, which has mainly been tested with physical investment, also helps explain intangible investment. At the firm level, Tobin's q explains physical and intangible investment roughly equally well, and it explains total investment even better. Compared with physical capital, intangible capital adjusts more slowly to changes in investment opportunities. The classic q theory performs better in firms and years with more intangible capital: Total and even physical investment are better explained by Tobin's q and are less sensitive to cash flow. At the macro level, Tobin's q explains intangible investment many times better than physical investment. We propose a simple, new Tobin's q proxy that accounts for intangible capital, and we show that it is a superior proxy for both physical and intangible investment opportunities.

Download or read book Essays in Venture Capital Entrepreneurship and Managerial Success written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter of my dissertation examines the preferences of venture capitalists for syndication partners. Heterogeneity among syndication partners may cause efficiency loss and increase transaction costs but offer syndication partners valuable learning opportunities in the long run, suggesting a tradeoff between the short-term costs versus long-term benefits. Using data on U.S. venture capital investments, I find that venture capital firms are less likely to syndicate with partners who are different from them. The preferences for syndication partners, however, have different implications for the portfolio companies and the venture capital firms. Companies funded by heterogeneous syndicates are less likely to go public or get acquired by other companies. However, venture capital firms that co-invest with more heterogeneous partners are more likely to survive. This paper develops a new method for empirically examining the formation of syndication among multiple firms. It also addresses issues of endogeneity. In the second chapter, we develop an economic framework which articulates the impact of the quality of legal protection offered to investors on the incentives of start-up founders to recruit partners or opt for sole ownership. The theoretical analysis predicts that a positive relationship is likely to exist between the quality of the legal system and ownership concentration of start-ups. This prediction is supported by the data obtained from the Adult Population Survey of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project between 2001 and 2004. The third chapter finds that the number of CEOs born in summer is disproportionately small, and firms with summer born CEOs have higher market valuation. Our evidence is consistent with the "relative-age effect" due to school admissions grouping together children with age differences up to one year, with summer-born children disadvantaged throughout life by being younger than non-summer-born classmates. Those younger children.