Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Family Health Behavior and Child Health written by David Simon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parental behavior has potentially large implications for child health and child economic outcomes. In three essays, I explore two topics: how the health behavior of parents impacts their children's health and wellbeing, and the degree to which policy can alter parental behavior such that child health improves. The first essay examines how cash transfers to pregnant single mothers via the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) improve child birth weight. The second essay shows that cigarette taxes reduce maternal smoking and improve childhood health outcomes. The final essay documents the correlation between parental and teen smoking using the Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement. As a whole, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of how health transmits from parent to child, an important mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of inequality.
Download or read book Essays on Child Health and Family Economics written by Ana Costa Ramón and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Health and Family Economics written by Jorge I. Ugaz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three empirical essays that explore the effects of natural disasters and family transitions on long-term child outcomes and short-term parental behavior. The first essay ("Impact of Shocks in Utero and in Early Life on Stunting: the Case of Philippines' Typhoons") assesses the long-term effects of natural disasters early in life on health outcomes, mainly stunting, and explores some of the possible channels causing those long term effects. The second essay ("Effects of Natural Disasters on Fertility Behavior: Evidence of Treatment Heterogeneity") assesses the effects of natural disasters also, typhoons in particular, on fertility behavior, and explores the existence of treatment heterogeneity. Finally, the third essay ("Parents' shared and solo time with children: Composition and correlates") studies different correlates of the composition of parental time investments under the perspective of a child, and explores how that composition changes when parents adapt to the birth of a new child.
Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics on Child Health and Well being written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Family Economics written by Hui Mai and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data, my dissertation investigates several key issues in family economics. The first chapter studies the role of family relocation on children's schooling and youth behavior problems. By exploiting the variation in sibling's age at the time of family relocation, we find no detectable negative effects of family relocation on various children's outcomes. We extend our discussion to the context of school mobility and child outcomes. In the second chapter, we use individual school change history from the NLSY 97 and control for sibling fixed effects to estimate how the variation in children's age at school change would affect a set of outcome variables. We find school change made at age 16-18 would significantly reduce children's education achievement by age 20 and increase their possibility for repeating grade in school. In the third chapter, we examine the impact of family size on maternal health outcomes by exploiting the exogenous change in family size using contraceptive failure as instrument variable. This result indicates that mothers' mental health at age 40 is negatively affected by having additional child while their physical health stays intact.
Download or read book Essays on Health Economics written by Eamon Joseph Molloy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays of this dissertation study the effect of alcohol advertising on individual drinking, alcohol firm advertising decisions, and the relationship between education and mortality. The first essay focuses on the possible effects of alcohol advertising on youth drinking. Researchers still disagree about how advertising affects alcohol consumption. This disagreement largely arises because alcohol firms target marketing at people who already drink. Drinkers prefer particular media; firms recognize this and target alcohol advertising at these media. Endogenous targeting of alcohol advertisements presents a challenge for empirically identifying a causal effect of advertising on drinking. In this chapter, I overcome these challenges by leveraging a plausibly exogenous source of variation in advertising exposure, and by utilizing novel data with detailed individual measures of media viewing and alcohol consumption. I adopt three approaches to control for endogeneity bias due to targeting. First, I use average audience characteristics of the media an individual views to capture targeting. Second, I use media fixed effects to directly control for media choice. Third, I exploit variation in advertising exposure due to a 2003 change in an industry-wide rule that governs where firms may advertise. I use the rule change as an instrument for exposure to alcohol advertising. Though the unconditional correlation between advertising and drinking is strong, this relationship is not robust to more rigorous controls for targeting and to the use of an instrumental variables estimator. The results suggest that any effect of alcohol advertising on youth drinking is modest. The second essay studies the effects of the end of the liquor broadcast advertising ban on firm behavior. I study which firms and brands first took advantage of this new medium I study which spirits brands take advantage of the newly available medium of television. I compare the consumer characteristics and market competition of brands that transition to television advertising to those that do not, using two different definitions of television advertising adoption. I model brand-level, yearly television advertising spending and estimate hazard models of the transition to the use of television advertising. I find evidence that competitive pressure correlates with a brand's adoption of the "new" medium. Firms that are dominant in their market are much more likely to adopt television advertising when their competitors possess a larger share of the market. However, I find little evidence that the demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, income, education, magazine reading, and television viewing) and alcohol consumption of a brand's consumers are related to the adoption of television advertising. The results suggest that television advertising in the spirits market may play larger role dividing market shares than growing market size. The third essay revisits the question of whether people live longer if they get more education or if people who get more education have unobservable traits and habits that cause them to live longer. Like previous studies, we use compulsory schooling laws as instruments for education, However, we use better instruments and Panel Study of Income Dynamics data that include each respondent's date and cause of death. We find our compulsory schooling instruments are stronger predictors of education than those used in previous studies. However, relying on within-state variation greatly reduces the predictive power of our instruments, which only weakly predict educational attainment. We model three different measures of mortality: probit models of mortality over 5- and 10-year age spans and continuous-time survival models of the number of months a person lives past forty years of age. We confirm a strong statistical association between education and mortality in all three model types. However, due to the weakness of our instruments, our results are imprecise and provide little useful insight into whether education reduces mortality. We show the relationship between schooling and mortality is strongest for post-secondary education, though there exists little evidence in the literature concerning whether this link is causal.
Download or read book Three Essays on Health Economics written by Keisha T. Solomon and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation covers three loosely related topics in health and education economics that focus on examining factors that may affect children's and young adults' health capital and human capital accumulation. The first essay examines the effect of state-level full parity mental illness law implementation on mental illness among college-aged individuals and human capital accumulation in college. It is important to consider spill-overs to these educational outcomes, as previous research shows that mental illness impedes college performance. I utilize administrative data on completed suicides and grade point average, and survey data on reported mental illness days and decision to drop-out of college between 1998 and 2008 in differences-in-differences (DD) analysis to uncover causal effects of state-level parity laws. Following the passage of a state-level full parity law, I find that the suicide rate reduces, the propensity to report any poor mental health day reduces, college GPA increases, and the propensity to drop out of college does not change. The second essay investigates the effects of family size on child health. This essay is a joint study with Kabir Dasgupta. In this study, we use matched mother-child data from the National Longitudinal Surveys to study the effects of family size on child health. Focusing on excess body weight indicators as children's health outcome of interest, we examine the effects of exogenous variations in family size generated by twin births and parental preference for mixed sex composition of their children. We find no significant empirical support in favor of the quantity-quality trade-off theory in instrumental variable regression analysis. This result is further substantiated when we make use of the panel aspects of the data to study child health outcomes of arrival of younger siblings at later parities. The third essay estimates the causal effect of being born out of wedlock on a child's health outcome and early academic achievements. Specifically, the study uses rich panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the Children of the NLSY79 (NLSY79-child), coupled with a sibling fixed-effects model to address omitted variable bias attributable to unobserved family characteristics. The study findings suggest that the results from the OLS models have been driven by unobserved family effects, because the significance of the results disappear for the sibling fixed-effects models. Also, due to the large confidence intervals, and the signs changing for some of the regression coefficients, I cannot conclusively state whether being born to a married mother has no significant impact on children's health and education.
Download or read book America s Children written by Institute of Medicine and National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-10-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America's Children is a comprehensive, easy-to-read analysis of the relationship between health insurance and access to care. The book addresses three broad questions: How is children's health care currently financed? Does insurance equal access to care? How should the nation address the health needs of this vulnerable population? America's Children explores the changing role of Medicaid under managed care; state-initiated and private sector children's insurance programs; specific effects of insurance status on the care children receive; and the impact of chronic medical conditions and special health care needs. It also examines the status of "safety net" health providers, including community health centers, children's hospitals, school-based health centers, and others and reviews the changing patterns of coverage and tax policy options to increase coverage of private-sector, employer-based health insurance. In response to growing public concerns about uninsured children, last year Congress voted to provide $24 billion over five years for new state insurance initiatives. This volume will serve as a primer for concerned federal policymakers and regulators, state agency officials, health plan decisionmakers, health care providers, children's health advocates, and researchers.
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Child Health written by Lenisa Vangjel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinics Stoves and Ill behaved Children written by James Gerald Manley and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Interaction Between Children s Health Insurance and Parental Circumstances written by Jamie Rubenstein Taber and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter of this dissertation, I study the effect of child support health insurance mandates on children's health insurance coverage. Children are more likely to lose health insurance when their parents divorce or separate, which is problematic because lack of health insurance is associated with reduced preventive care, diagnosis of diseases at later stages, and higher mortality. In order to increase coverage for children and reduce costs associated with public health insurance, many states have passed child support laws which mandate that a parent provide health insurance for the children if it is available at a reasonable cost. This paper is the first to evaluate the impact of these statutes on the number of children who lose health insurance due to parental divorce or separation. I codify the relevant laws by state and year from 1990 through 2007 in terms of the presence of mandates and the number and type of enforcement mechanisms. These variables are then linked to panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), which provide the remainder of the necessary variables. Three main regressions are estimated. The first measures the overall effect of child support health insurance mandates on children's insurance coverage. The second equation measures the first intermediate step, whether child support health insurance mandates result in an order in the child support agreement to provide health insurance. The third equation measures the second intermediate step, whether an order for the parents to provide health insurance results in insurance coverage for children. I find that child support laws requiring parents to provide health insurance do not significantly impact the presence or type of health insurance coverage for children of divorced or separated parents. Additionally, these laws do not increase the probability that the child support agreement contains an order to provide health insurance, and an order to provide health insurance does not increase the probability of either any coverage or private coverage. In the second paper, we study the relationship between divorce and health insurance. Changing marital status is an important source of health insurance change. However, neither the health nor family economics literatures have examined this phenomenon. Using the SIPP, we document how health insurance status changes over time for men, women, and children as divorce and separation occur, as well as the likely causes of these changes. We find modest changes in overall coverage, but these changes mask large changes in type of coverage as people divorce or separate. In the third paper, we look at the effects of government aid expansions on labor market outcomes. While many studies investigate the magnitude by which public insurance expansions 'crowdout' private coverage, we ask a question new question: are such families able to recoup the benefits of no longer relying on employer provided coverage for children when they move to public coverage? Our findings from the SIPP do not show noticeable improvements, though our findings from the Current Population Survey (CPS) show a positive and significant effect on income and hourly wages.
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Health written by Yleana Pamela Ortiz Arevalo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Families Health Policy and the Determinants of Children s Long Term Outcomes written by Edvin Hertegård and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Health and Family Economics written by Valentina Tonei and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of the Family written by Jorge Patricio Rodriguez Osorio and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1994‒1997) a work-based, anti-poverty intervention, "New Hope," randomly assigned an income subsidy-similar to the EITC-and a child care subsidy to a group of economically disadvantaged families. Randomly chosen applicants had access to these benefits for three years. The experimental evaluation found positive effects of the program on labor supply, income, and child care use. Notably, the program also boosted various measures of child academic achievement. Using New Hope data, this thesis offers two novel contributions to the New Hope literature and to the broader research on income and child care subsidies. First, I find that the effects of New Hope on labor supply, earnings, and child care use vary according to whether the family had a young child (six years old or less) at home or not while they were eligible to the program. Furthermore, compared to children older than six years of age, New Hope boosted child academic performance of younger children by more than double. Second, I disentangle the mechanisms that explain the impact of New Hope on the human capital of children who were young while their families were under New Hope. To this end, I develop and estimate a dynamic-discrete choice model of the household and child academic achievement. Counterfactual analyses based on the structural framework indicate that the bulk of the impact of New Hope on the academic achievement of young children is explained because of the policy-induced increase in center-based child care use. Consistently, the larger share of the impact of New Hope on child human capital is explained by the child care subsidy component of the New Hope policy bundle.
Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Child Mental Health written by A. Bowen Garrett and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Investment in Children s Health written by Tsui-Fang Lin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
