Download or read book Essays in Health Economics and Health Policy written by Eun Young Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is a compilation of three essays. The first essay critiques a recent paper by Wilper et al. (2009) for its inappropriate model calibration in analyzing the association of health insurance and mortality. Using the individual-level data from a nationwide survey with more recent mortality follow-up information, it shows that the privately-insured do not significantly fare better in mortality risk compared to the uninsured. Moreover, hazard ratio estimate for the Medicaid suggests that public provision of insurance increases mortality. The second essay addresses the role of income in explaining the differential public health outcomes across developed countries. Noting that the growing arguments for socioeconomic gradient in health are based mostly on cross-sectional studies, panel analyses of five different public health outcomes are conducted. Results demonstrate that economic development remains critical in explaining health improvements at the aggregate level. The third essay analyzes the association of income and health care spending at the aggregate level. Using a large panel data from 24 industrialized nations for more than three decades, the close relationship between income and health care spending is established. In contrast to earlier cross-sectional studies, the panel analysis suggests that health expenditure growth is not as rapid as income growth in almost all nations.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Health Policy written by Mengdi Shi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second paper, "Regulated Revenues and Hospital Behavior: Evidence from a Medicare Overhaul'' (with Tal Gross, Adam Sacarny, and David Silver), considers how healthcare providers respond to changes in regulated prices. In it, we study a major reform that increased Medicare prices for some hospitals but decreased them for others, and consider how hospitals responded to these payment changes. Finally the third paper, "The Costs and Benefits of Monitoring Providers: Evidence from Medicare Audits,'' studies the efficacy of policies aimed at monitoring healthcare providers for wasteful expenditure. It studies a large monitoring program run by Medicare, and estimates the costs and benefits of this monitoring for the government, providers, and patients.

Download or read book Essays on Health Economics and Development Policies written by Henrique Veras De Paiva Fonseca and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Health Policies written by Yves Arrighi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation aims at improving our understanding of the links between health and wealth, and between health programs and macroeconomic outcomes. Because the former might be bi-directional, it seemed sensible to tackle this issue for each direction of the causality. In the 1st paper, I examine using microsimulation the financial solvability of alternative policies against HIV. Health improvements at the individual level generate productivity gains which translate into an economic surplus that outweighs programs' costs. In the 4th paper, I examine the relationship between child health and social background using an international survey. Analysis reveals a substantial gradient in health: across the globe, poorer children have worse health. Yet, the effect of wealth is moderated by country-level income and health-supply variables. The two other papers focus on rather methodological issues raised by the fact that curative programs save lives but increase the prevalence of the disease. One study highlights that average income could fall if treatments cannot guarantee a sufficient level of productivity among sick workers. Despite this adverse effect, the microsimulation model demonstrates that treatment policies can raise per capita income in the context of HIV. The 3rd paper of the thesis extends this message to welfare measurement. By restricting attention to the living population, standard indicators of welfare ignore the fact that individuals who would otherwise be dead can be kept alive through treatment, but with a lower than average welfare. Cross-country comparisons based on indicators that are made invariant to the population size may therefore be biased.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics and Health Policy written by Salama S. Freed and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics and Public Policy written by Olga V. Milliken and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Medicine and Social Justice written by Rosamond Rhodes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and comprehensive second edition of an important volume presents writing from renowned authors about achieving social justice in medicine. Each of the 42 chapters addresses continuing and emerging policy challenges facing medicine. They deepen our understanding of theoretical and practical aspects of issues in the contemporary debate.

Download or read book Health Economic Development and Household Poverty written by Sara Bennett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-09-12 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible and edited by authors based at a top institution, this book provides readers with an excellent summary in an easy-to-read style of this burgeoning field of research. In this volume Bennett, Gilson and Mills have gathered together essays written by academics and experts in the fields of health policy and economic development, each underscoring the need for political commitment to meet the needs of the poor and the development of strategies to build this commitment, covering: evidence regarding the links between health, economic development and household poverty evidence on the extent to which health care systems address the needs of the poor and the near poor innovative measures to make health care interventions widely available to the poor. Current and topical, this book is of great relevance to policy makers and practitioners in the field of international health and development and researchers engaged with global health and poverty as well as being ideal reading for students of international health and development.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Information Sharing in Healthcare written by Yeongin Kim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the passage of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act to reform the U.S. healthcare system, health information technology (IT) has attracted much attention from researchers, care practitioners, patients, and policy makers. Among various aspects of IT use in healthcare, information sharing has been considered as a key component in improving U.S. healthcare. In spite of numerous efforts to meaningfully use IT for information sharing, inefficiency issues still remain. This dissertation studies the economics of information sharing in healthcare and provides insights to formulate the right mechanisms to achieve the goal of IT-driven healthcare reform. The first essay examines the contract issues between a policy maker and care providers that can cooperate by implementing health information exchanges (HIEs). Using a gametheoretical model, we show that neither the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) payment model nor the pay-for-performance (P4P) models induce socially optimal outcomes, while an episodebased payment (EBP) model we identified induces the socially desirable effort levels and HIEs adoption. We further show that the value of an HIE is the highest under the FFS model and the lowest under the P4P models. Our findings imply that as payment models evolve over time, there is a real need to reevaluate the value of information sharing though HIE and the government policies that induce providers to adopt an HIE. The second essay studies the role of information sharing in formulation of policy instruments under the new risks of providers’ medical ligation owing to health IT. Specifically, we examine the role of information sharing in formulation of policies on healthcare operations in the presence of physicians’ liability concerns by using a game-theoretic model. We find when litigation is a concern, an underprovisioning policy may become optimal under the litigation risk, depending on the benefit and cost of the health service. We further show that strategically controlling the sharing of risk information restores the optimality of a standard policy (non-underprovisioning). The results of this study imply that the widespread practice of information sharing may induce underutilization of care resources to mitigate the medico-legal risks due to health IT. In the last essay, we study the impact of patient portals on treatment outcomes in the context of kidney allocation for transplant. Using a longitudinal data set of kidney transplant cases, we empirically show that with the implementation of patient portals for information sharing, patients are more likely to use care resources (donated kidneys) that are underutilized without access to a patient portal. However, the impact could be heterogeneous on sub-populations. This indicates that the efforts to bridge the digital divide may benefit some groups of patients at the expense of other groups, leading to further service disparities in the care service.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics and Public Policy written by Colin D. Cannonier and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Being Reasonable about the Economics of Health written by Alan Williams and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers together, for the first time, a selection of the most important works of one of the world's most distinguished health economists - Alan Williams. It covers an extensive range of subjects in which Alan Williams has been decisively influential, and combines a moral approach to health economics with theoretical clarity and careful empirical application. The topics examined represent Alan Williams's humane principles as applied within practical contexts. At times these principles go against the current thinking in health economics and the financing of health care services. Despite this, his innovative contribution to health care economics has resulted in his work becoming an essential part of the subject. His pioneering research includes the meaning and measurement of health and need, cost-benefit analysis in health care, priority setting, quality adjusted life years (their invention, measurement and valuation), technology assessment and decision analysis. In each of these areas Alan Williams was a pioneer, and conventional practice in each case embodies methods and techniques devised or developed by him. This unique book offers insights into the vast experience of Alan Williams in both academia and policy making, and collects together papers which have not been widely disseminated. As such it will be of special interest to health economists, policymakers, health services managers, political scientists, health administrators and academics in social policy and social administration.

Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Health written by Achintya Ray and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays in health economics related issues. In the first chapter, I estimated health insurance expansion's effects on young adults' employment using MEPS. In 2010 young adults were allowed to stay on their parent's health insurance plan until the age of 26 by a policy change under the ACA. I used a difference-in-differences model to estimate labor supply effects of this policy on young adults. 23-25-year-olds are in the treatment group, and 26-30-year-olds are in the control group. Additionally, I estimated heterogeneity of the policy's labor supply effect by socio-economic groups. I found that extensive and intensive labor supply decreased among males. The effect is greater among men in higher socio-economic group. In the second chapter, I analyzed whether internet use has an effect on patients' mental health using BRFSS data. Over the last decade internet use has become universal. It provides various health related tools and information sources which may affect patients' distress levels in several ways, and health related distress can have large impacts on quality of life. I used variation across states' "right of way" policies during the broadband boom period of 2001-2005. Using rights of way rules' easiness as a proxy for broadband penetration rates, I investigated whether patients' mental health levels changed differently in states with more lenient rights of way rules. I found that among men internet use improves patients' mental health. In the third chapter, I studied labor market effects of the early Medicaid expansions under the ACA in 2010 using data from Current Population Survey. The ACA extends public insurance coverage to low income childless adults, yet we know very little about the effect of a public health insurance extension on childless adults' labor supply. The ACA allowed states to extend Medicaid and a number of states opted in early and extended Medicaid in 2010. I utilized this variation among states to evaluate whether the policy had any effect on childless adults' employment. I found that the policy had no effect on labor supply of the overall population. I found evidence that the policy mainly affected near-retirement-aged childless.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by Hui Ding and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores various topics in health economics, specifically the use of different types of health care (i.e., mental health, durable medical equipment, and chronic disease management in primary care settings) and how public insurance policies affect the price and utilization of health care products and services. In Chapter 1, I explore the geographic variation in mental health care use among the Medicare population. Using administrative data from Medicare, I isolates the patient- and place-specific drivers of the geographic variation in mental health care use among elderly adults. Specifically, I use an event-study framework with individual fixed effects to study changes in mental health care utilization for patients who move across areas with differing rates of average utilization. My results show that 60 percent of the geographic variation is attributed to place-specific factors. I then explore components of the "place effect", finding that mental health care provider capacity explains only one tenth of it. Beyond that, local attitudes toward mental health play an important role, as shown by asymmetric responses for people who move from low-to-high and high-to-low care utilization areas, especially among those who were never diagnosed with any mental illness before moving. Lastly, I find a strong negative correlation between area-level mental health care utilization and suicide rates, and evidence that moving to high utilization areas is associated with a lower risk of self-harm-related Emergency Department visits. These findings suggest that promoting mental health care could benefit the elderly population, and that there is substantial scope for achieving this goal with interventions targeting place-specific factors. In Chapter 2, along with co-authors Mark Duggan and Amanda Starc, I study Medicare's competitive bidding program (CBP) for durable medical equipment (DME). We use Medicare claims data to examine the effect on prices and utilization, focusing on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices for sleep apnea. We find that spending falls by 47.2% percent after a highly imperfect bidding mechanism is introduced. This is almost entirely driven by a 44.8% price reduction, though quantities also fall by 4.3\%. To disentangle supply and demand, we leverage differential cost sharing across Medicare recipients. We measure a demand elasticity of -0.272 and find that quantity reductions are concentrated among less clinically appropriate groups. In Chapter 3, along with co-authors Yiwei Chen, Min Yu, Jieming Zhong, Ruying Hu, Xiangyu Chen, Chunmei Wang, Kaixu Xie and Karen Eggleston, I investigate the effect of chronic disease management provided in primary health care (PHC) setting in rural China. Health systems globally face increasing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, yet many - especially in low- and middle-income countries - lack strong chronic disease management and PHC system. We provide evidence on China's efforts to promote PHC management using unique five-year panel data in a rural county, including health care utilization from medical claims and health outcomes from biomarkers. Utilizing plausibly exogenous variation in management intensity generated by administrative and geographic boundaries, we compare hypertension/diabetes patients in villages within two kilometers distance but managed by different townships. Results show that, compared to patients in townships with median management intensity, patients in high-intensity townships have 4.8% more PHC visits, 5.2% fewer specialist visits, 11.7% fewer inpatient admissions, and 3.6% lower medical spending. They also tend to have better medication adherence and better control of blood pressure. The resource savings from avoided inpatient admissions substantially outweigh the costs of the program.

Download or read book Essays in Health Policy Economics and Evaluation written by Hae-young Hong and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation comprises three essays on health policy economics and evaluation, all of which analyze responses to health policies using South Korean health insurance administrative data. Chapter 1 develops a novel method for estimating the distribution of elasticities of medical expenditures with respect to out-of-pocket costs, using the responses of patients bunching at a notch in South Korea. Using a natural experiment that exploits differences in the out-of-pocket costs for 64- and 65-year-olds within the same calendar year, I develop a strategy to characterize the conditional cumulative distribution of elasticities given medical expenditures as a function of observable variables. I adopt a copula approach to allow for dependence between the elasticities and medical expenditures. Using Korean health insurance administrative data from 2013-2017, I find the upper bound of the elasticities is 0.17 and the mean is 0.1. Counterfactual policy simulations show that introducing a linear coinsurance rate of 21.3% instead of a notch can improve the welfare of patients and clinics without increasing the insurer's spending. Chapter 2 examines the effect of a change in out-of-pocket costs on clinic visits among the elderly in South Korea. By exploiting variation in the timing of the change in the cost-sharing system based on the date of birth, this study estimates average treatment effects in a difference-in-differences setting with staggered adoption. The results show that patients reduce their clinic visits starting nine days before their 65th birthday, with a 5% decrease on the day before their birthday and a sharp 16.5% increase on the day after. Lower-income groups and dependents are more responsive to the change than higher-income groups and employed individuals. Patients with circulatory system and metabolic diseases are more responsive to the change, and follow-up visits contribute more to the overall change than initial visits. Despite the increase in clinic visits, patients' total out-of-pocket spending decreases, while the insurer bears a greater cost due to changes in patients' behavior. Chapter 3 explores the effects of formal care on family labor supply responses to hospitalization. The Comprehensive Nursing Services (CNS) is a formal care system introduced in 2015 in South Korea to alleviate the burden of family care during hospitalization. Using administrative health insurance data, I apply the doubly robust difference-in-difference method to estimate the impact of the CNS on the employment of family members. The results show that the CNS has statistically significant effects on the labor supply of wives, husbands, and daughters by preventing a decrease in their labor supply due to hospitalization. The positive effect of the CNS on labor supply is greater for minor symptoms than severe symptoms, implying that formal care does not fully substitute for informal care in severe cases. The effects on husbands are only statistically significant for the 50s among age groups, suggesting a preventive effect on early retirement in response to hospitalization.

Download or read book Advances in Health Economics written by Anthony Scott and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-12-13 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It would be difficult to overstate the standing of the authors. Many HERU alumni are among the most highly esteemed health economists in the world." —Steve Morgan, University of British Columbia This is a series of essays to mark the 25 anniversary of HERU. Existing and former HERU staff write about their special interests and work records. This book addresses many current policy issues which exist in the Scottish (and English) National Health System. HERU is one of the leading health economic institutes in the UK Contributors are all distinguished members of the health economics community Covers a wide range of issues that are relevant to the application of health economics now and into the future.

Download or read book Five Essays on the Economics of Health and Health Care written by Gregory Gill Lubiani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This doctoral dissertation consists of five essays in applied microeconomics with focus on healthcare economics and health services research. The first three are innovative being the first in the health economics literature to investigate different distinct aspects of modeling the economic contents of U.S. physical therapy production using the generalized flexible translog (GTL) dual cost model and iterative seemingly unrelated regression estimation (ISURE) technique. Using the higher frequency (bi-weekly) panel dataset, pair-wise input factor relationships of three distinct labor types are examined for the fast growing industry, which has up to now lacked current economic investigation due to data paucity. Pair-wise factor relationships (isoquant curvature) were investigated for three competing conceptual measures of the elasticity of substitution (own- and cross-price, Allen-Uzawa, Morishima, and shadow), as well as scale economies at constant output. Second, three Pythagorean means (arithmetic, harmonic and geometric) were investigated for appropriateness as the mean expansion point for the GTL model. Finally, statistical tests were conducted indicating that pediatric and adult clinics operate with distinct underlying technologies. The final two essays incorporate health economics and health services, research in the study of patient care decision, as it relates to Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders, and the impact of the decision on health outcomes. The DNR papers, using Probit and propensity score research methodologies, are the first to utilize a large, comprehensive patient discharge dataset to provide insights into the potential implications for healthcare policy, patient awareness and care, most notably for the rapidly aging baby-boomer population.