Download or read book Essays in Public and Labor Economics written by Hee-Seung Yang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three empirical papers exploring policy-relevant questions in Public Finance and Labor Economics. In particular, it inquires into social insurance programs, the purpose of which is to protect individuals against adverse events. More generous benefits, however, often lead to unintended behavioral responses even as they provide greater protection. This dissertation focuses on identifying and quantifying the distortionary effects of social insurance, providing an input to optimal design. The first chapter investigates the effect of Social Security dependent benefit provisions on the labor force participation of married women aged 25-54. Many provisions of the Social Security program may distort an individual's work incentive. In particular, the availability of dependent benefits may reduce the net return to work since secondary earners, who are likely to claim benefits based on their spouses' earnings records, pay the full payroll tax without receiving marginal benefits for additional earnings. I rely on differences in Social Security coverage among husbands by state and sector to identify the impact on the labor supply of their wives. The results show that married women tend to reduce their labor supply when dependent benefits are available, suggesting that changes in the Social Security system that strengthen the relationship between earnings and benefits would have a positive effect on the labor supply of married women. The second chapter analyzes how Social Security dependent benefit provisions affect women's divorce behavior. Under the current Social Security system, a divorced woman is eligible to receive dependent benefits based on her ex-spouse's earnings record if her marriage lasted at least 10 years and she remains unmarried after divorce. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate a discrete time duration model of the probability of divorce. The results suggest that married women are likely to delay divorce to preserve the option of receiving dependent benefits if their marriages are near 10 years duration. This effect is stronger for women whose earnings are much lower than their husbands' or whose predicted remarriage probabilities are low, so are those most likely to value the option. The final chapter examines the effect of extended parental coverage on young adults' labor market choices. Young adults aged 19-29 are significantly less likely to have health insurance since most family insurance policies cut off dependents when they turn 19 or finish college. In recent years, several states have expanded eligibility to allow young adults as old as 30 to remain covered under their parents' employer-provided health insurance. For those who qualify for these benefits, the expansion of parental coverage partially reduces the value of being employed by a firm that provides health insurance since adult children can now get health insurance through another channel. We employ quasi-experimental variation in the timing and generosity of states' eligibility rules to identify the effect of the policy change on young adults' labor market choices. Our results suggest that the expansion of parental coverage increases the group coverage rate and reduces labor supply among young adults, particularly in full-time employment.
Download or read book Essays in Public and Labor Economics written by Margaret Elizabeth Brehm and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Public and Labor Economics written by Teodora Tsankova and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Public and Labor Economics written by Rene Armando Crespin and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays, each using extensive data and rigorous empirical methods to investigate key questions within the fields of public and labor economics with a focus on socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequality. In Chapter 1, I study how the social, learning, and working conditions (school climate) experienced by students, families, and teachers is valued by stakeholders. To study this question, I investigate how publicizing school climate information is capitalized into the housing market and how it affects the sorting of homebuyers from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Using a plausibly exogenous shock of school climate information in Chicago, I employ event studies and a difference-in-differences framework. I find that providing this information publicly leads to an increase in sales price for homes assigned to schools with better climate ratings. Additionally, I find that the information shock also attracts higher income homebuyers into neighborhoods with better climate schools. These initial effects dissipate over time, as information becomes less salient. The effects are consistent across different types of schools and neighborhoods. I find evidence that homebuyers value this dimension of school quality that has been understudied in the revealed preferences literature. In Chapter 2, I investigate how changing the odds of admissions to elite K-12 exam schools affects families' residential decisions. To do this, I leverage a natural experiment created by Chicago's place-based affirmative action policy, where neighborhoods across the city can experience exam school admissions benefits from year to year. I conduct difference-in-differences and event study analyses to compare changes in the outcomes of neighborhoods with varying odds of admissions shocks, before and after these shocks are revealed and implemented each application year. My findings offer evidence that families are willing to pay and, hence, strategize the place-based affirmative action admissions policy in Chicago. Therefore, under this current system, families are able to pay for better odds of admissions to elite exam schools. Furthermore, higher income and white families react more to these admissions benefits, which is the opposite of race- and place-based admissions policies' intentions to prioritize non-white and low-income students, respectively. In Chapter 3, I explore how local immigration enforcement policies can have demographic and economic impacts on local communities through effects on potential homebuyers' willingness to purchase homes. Using an event study and triple-difference framework, I find evidence that implementing local 287(g) partnerships led to large and statistically significant declines in the number of home loan applications by Latino applicants compared to non-Latino applicants. I find that the most intrusive enforcement model (Task Force) had the strongest detrimental effects of all the 287(g) models. Additionally, I demonstrate that studies that use the sample of counties that apply for and are rejected or accepted by ICE into 287(g) partnerships must be cautious and account for strong differences in trends between these counties.
Download or read book Essays in Public Economics and Labor Economics written by Sebastian Seitz and published by . This book was released on 2022* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Public and Labor Economics written by Max Löffler and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Public and Labor Economics written by Clara M. Zverina and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation comprises three chapters. The first chapter estimates the crowd-out effect of Social Security on private retirement saving. In a quasi-experimental research design, I analyze the effect of the 1990 federal mandate of Social Security coverage for all state and local government employees who were not covered by an equivalent state pension. Using a sample of more than 12 million employer-employee observations on earnings and contributions to retirement plans, I find that Social Security coverage induces approximately 16% of those affected who had previously saved in private retirement plans to stop contributing. For those who continue contributing, Social Security coverage crowds out about 23% of pre-reform contributions.
Download or read book Essays on Public Policy and Labor Economics written by Yun Zhou (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of insured Americans obtain health insurance coverage through employment as a non-portable fringe benefit. The link between health insurance coverage and employment could have potential important implica- tions on workers’ labor market decisions. My dissertation consists of three chapters that contribute to the understanding of the interaction between health insurance and workers’ job mobility. My first chapter studies the effect of the state dependent coverage man- dates on the job mobility of young adults. Prior to the Affordable Care Act, many states had already implemented insurance mandates that extended the age that young adults could gain access to parental health insurance, an alternative insurance source which is not contingent on employment. If young workers with employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) are locked into less preferred jobs for fear of losing health benefits, expanded dependent coverage is expected to reduce the job lock and increase mobility. Expanded eligibility could also decrease mobility among those who are pushed out of a better matched but uninsured job in search of access to ESI (job push). Using Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) 2000-2010 data, the impact of the state mandates on job mobility is identified by a triple-difference framework that exploits the state level dependent coverage variations in eligibility criteria, mandate implementation states, and mandate implementation time. Results show that expanded dependent coverage led to a 5% decrease in the mobility of workers with no ESI (job push). I find no evidence of reduced job lock. The second chapter of my dissertation extends the analysis of my first chapter to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Dependent Coverage Mandate. The ACA Dependent Coverage Mandate was passed on March 23rd, 2010, and became effective on September 23, 2010. The mandate requires that health insurance plans that provide dependent coverage must cover dependents until the age of 26. Using SIPP 2008-2013 data, and both difference-in-difference framework and regression discontinuity design, I find consistent evidence of reduced job push and no evidence of reduced job lock. The estimated reduced job push is larger than the state analysis. The third chapter studies the impact of the ACA Medicaid expansion on childless adults’ job mobility. The ACA Medicaid expansion raised the Medi- caid income eligibility threshold to 138% of the Federal Poverty Line (FPL) for everyone including childless adults who were not the traditional beneficiaries of the Medicaid. 32 states adopted the expansion while 19 states opted out. The reform could potentially increase childless adults’ job mobility if they are “locked” in their jobs for fear of losing employer-sponsored health insurance. Using the 2011-2016 basic monthly Current Population Survey (CPS), this paper tests this hypothesis by comparing the job mobility of childless adults in expansion states to those residing in non-expansion states, before and after the expansion. Results show the existence of “job lock” effect: the ACA Medicaid expansion increased the childless adults’ job mobility by 7% - 9%, and the increase comes entirely from job-to-job transitions. I find no evidence of the “employment lock”: the availability of Medicaid did not cause childless adults to be more likely to become unemployed or leave the labor force.
Download or read book Essays in Public Finance and Labor Economics written by Sebastian Findeisen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Economics and Public Policy written by Paul A. Torelli and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Public and Labor Economics written by Frédéric Panier and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is composed of three empirical papers in the field of labor and public economics. The first paper uses historical data from the New-York Stock Exchange to investigate the importance of ethnic discrimination, ethnic networks and ethnic homophily in the field of finance. The second paper studies the role of parental insurance on the job search behavior of new entrants in the labor market. It also uses parental shocks around the time of the child's entry into the labor force as an instrument to test for the existence of persistent effects from a temporary increase in job search effort at the beginning of a worker's career. The third paper takes advantage of an important tax reform that took place in Belgium in 2006 to answer a longstanding question in the field of public economics and corporate finance: what is the role of corporate taxes in determining the observed levels of leverage among incorporated firms.
Download or read book Three Essays on Public Policy and Labor Economics written by Max Matthew Schanzenbach and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics and Public Finance written by Jacqueline Eve Berger and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor Markets in Action written by Richard Barry Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Public and Labor Economics written by Nobuhiko Nakazawa and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates how individuals, municipalities, and firms respond to incentives created by public policies and provides empirical evidence on their efficacy. Chapter 1 investigates the effects of increasing the eligibility age for public pension on workers' retirement decisions, focusing on recent Japanese public pension reforms. In Japan, the pensionable age for Employees' Pension Insurance benefits gradually increased from 60 to 65 for males over the course of a decade. Using individual-level restricted-use data and a regression discontinuity design, I find that raising the pensionable age for flat-rate benefits by one year increases male employment at the critical ages by about 7-8 percentage points. Individual labor supply responses at the critical ages are heterogeneous across closeness to the implementation date due to anticipatory responses. Chapter 2 studies the effect of allocating central administrators on local government units. During the 2000s, Japanese central administrators were actively transferred from the central government to mentor and monitor local governments. Exploiting the timing of hosting transfers and rich administrative data, I find that municipalities with transferred central administrators in fact persistently improved fiscal discipline by shrinking expenditure and lowering debt. Voters seem to reward the incumbent mayor in the local election for better administration and fiscal conditions. Heterogeneity analyses reveal, though, that transferred administrators temporarily increase local expenditure and categorical grants in fields closely related to their respective departments. Chapter 3 investigates the effect of raising the mandatory retirement age and introducing a continued reemployment system on older workers and young job-seekers. In 2006, Japanese companies were required to raise the mandatory retirement age from age 60 to at least age 63 or to introduce a continued employment system that creates flexible positions for older workers to continue at the same company. Relying on quasi-experimental variation in exposure to the policy change according to pre-reform norms by industry, geography, and firm size, I find that the reform was effective in terms of decreasing the job separation rate of older workers. It also decreased the job finding rate of young people for firms that were more affected by the policy change.
Download or read book Three Essays in Public Finance and Labor Economics written by Michael Frederick Lovenheim and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
