Download or read book Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by Nauman Ilias and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by Isaac M. Mbiti and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Development Economics and Labor Economics written by Jean Nahrae Lee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by Anna Fruttero and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Labor and Rural Poverty written by Pranab K. Bardhan and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook on land economics, rural workers, agricultural credit, production relations and rural area poverty, with reference to India - examines peasant farmer labour supply, labour force participation of woman workers, measurement of unemployment, labour demand of agricultural workers, wages, labour-tying, and bonded labour, sharecropping and tenancy issues, social stratification and children mortality; discusses land ownership as an obstacle to irrigation-based agricultural development. Graphs, references, statistical tables.
Download or read book Three Essays on Development and Labor Economics written by Cheng Ma and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by Niklas Bengtsson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by Taryn Lee Dinkelman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by Jennifer Elizabeth Muz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis uses the tools of applied econometrics to study the impact of economic incentives on household welfare and decision-making and health and risk behaviors in the U.S. and in developing countries.The first chapter studies the impact of increasing access to credit among low-income households in Mexico. Banco Azteca opened 815 branches simultaneously in a popular retail chain store, Grupo Elektra, in October 2002. Although access to credit increased, affected households experience negative or null impacts on consumption expenditures and asset holdings. I argue that this because the bank encourages individual borrowers to use loans for consumption use at Grupo Elektra. This research demonstrates that the package within which the loan is offered is as important as the loan itself.The second chapter focuses on the impact of job loss to dual-earner married couples on household fertility decisions, drawing upon the recent experience of job loss during the Great Recession. I build two datasets, covering the years 2003-2011 that match job losses due to mass layoff events to fertility rates among married couples at the county-year and state-quarter level. I find that job losses have a negative impact on fertility. However, areas with more dual-earner households experience lesser declines in fertility rates in response to job losses, suggesting that dual-earner households are more likely to substitute toward child-rearing in response to job loss compared to single-earner households.The third chapter, joint with Lisa Cameron and Manisha Shah, exploits the criminalization of sex work in a district in East Java, Indonesia, and utilizes a unique dataset comprised of the first panel data on female sex workers and the first data on clients to estimate the impact of criminalizing sex work on health and risk behaviors. Criminalization increased STI rates among female sex workers by 58 percent. The main mechanism driving this increase is decreased access to condoms and increased non-condom use during commercial sex transactions. We rule out other mechanisms, such as increased transactions or clients per sex worker. This research presents new evidence that criminalizing sex work can put an already vulnerable population in a more precarious situation.
Download or read book Economy in Society written by Michael J. Piore and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prominent economists discuss internal labor markets, the dynamics of immigration, labor market regulation, and other key topics in the work of Michael J. Piore. In Economy in Society, five prominent social scientists honor Michael J. Piore in original essays that explore key topics in Piore's work and make significant independent contributions in their own right. Piore is distinctive for his original research that explores the interaction of social, political, and economic considerations in the labor market and in the economic development of nations and regions. The essays in this volume reflect this rigorous interdisciplinary approach to important social and economic questions. M. Diane Burton's essay extends our understanding of internal labor markets by considering the influence of surrounding firms; Natasha Iskander builds on Piore's theory of immigration with a study of Mexican construction workers in two cities; Suzanne Berger highlights insights from Piore's work on technology and industrial development; Andrew Schrank takes up the theme of regulatory discretion; and Charles Sabel discusses theories of public bureaucracy.
Download or read book Essays in Empirical Labor Economics written by Shahriar Sadighi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation consists of three essays in empirical labor economics which are self-contained and can be read independently of the others. The first essay, coauthored with Professor Modestino, measures mismatch unemployment in US economy in the post-recession era and explores the heterogeneity among educational groupings. The second essay estimates the changing effects of cognitive ability on wage determination of college bound and non-college bound young adults between 1980s and 2000s. The third essay, coauthored with Professor Dickens, examines the impact of measurement error in survey data on identifying the extent of downward nominal wage rigidity in US economy. Essay I: No Longer Qualified? Changes in the Supply and Demand for Skills within Occupations-- In this study, we extend the framework developed by Sahin et al. (2014) to measure mismatch unemployment since the end of the Great Recession and explore the heterogeneity among educational groupings. Our findings indicate that mismatch across two-digit industries and two- digit occupations explain around 17- 20 percent of the recent recovery in the US unemployment rate since 2010. We also capture movements in employer education requirements over time using a novel database of 87 million online job posting aggregated by Burning Glass Technologies and further show that mismatch is not only greater in magnitude for high-skill occupations but also is more persistent over the course of the recent labor market recovery, possible accounting for the shift rightward that has been observed in the aggregate Beveridge Curve by other researchers. Furthermore, we shed light on at least one of the potential causes of mismatch on the demand side, providing evidence that labor demand shifts among high-skilled occupation groups exhibit a permanent increase in the share of employers requiring a Bachelor's degree as well as other baseline, specialized, and software skills listed on job postings, suggesting a role for structural shifts associated with changes in technology or capital investment. Our results demonstrate that equilibrium models where unemployed workers accumulate specific human capital and, in equilibrium, make explicit mobility decisions across distinct labor markets, can mean that workers are chasing a moving target-at least among high-skilled occupations. Furthermore, our findings inform debates focused on workforce development strategies and related educational policies where decision making could benefit from the use of real-time labor market information on employer demands to provide guidance for both job placement as well as program development. Essay II: The Changing Impacts of Cognitive Ability on Determining Earnings of College Bound and Non-College Bound Young Adults-- Using data on young adults from the 1979 and 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I investigate the changing impact of cognitive ability, as captured by performance on AFQT tests, on wage determination of college bound and non-college bound young adults. My findings indicate that cognitive ability plays a substantially diminished role for the most recent cohort and its impact on wage determination has undergone a drastic change between 1980s and 2000s. My results tend to corroborate the findings of previous studies which emphasize the lifecycle path of technological development from adoption to maturation and trace back the labor market outcomes observed over these periods to pre- and post-2000 patterns in technology investment and its consequent boom-and-bust cycles in the demand for cognitive skills. Essay III: Measurement Error in Survey Data and its Impact on Identifying the Extent of Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity-- In this study, we employ data drawn from the 1996, 2001, 2004 and 2008 panels of the SIPP, which cover the years 1996-2013, to assess the effectiveness of dependent interviewing at reducing bias in the estimates of the extent of downward nominal wage rigidity in the US economy. In the 2004 and 2008 panels of the SIPP, dependent interviewing was used much more extensively than in the past. This questioning method by focusing on changes rather than levels of wages and using responses from prior interviews to query apparent inconsistencies over time reduces the incidence of reporting and measurement errors. Our change-in-wage distributions derived from SIPP 2004 and 2008 panels exhibit remarkably larger zero-spikes and asymmetries vis-℗♭℗ -vis those derived from 1996 and 2001 panels before dependent interviewing was used. These results are consistent with the findings of previous studies that used payroll data or statistical techniques to correct for reporting error. We apply one such technique to the SIPP panels before and after the introduction of dependent interviewing. In the pre-2004 panels the correction is large and results in a distribution that closely resembles the uncorrected distributions of the 2004 panel. When the correction is applied to the 2004 panel no evidence of errors is found.
Download or read book Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by John Michael Ian Salas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first essay tackles the role of subsidized contraception in influencing fertility. It draws on two types of disruptions that affected the public supply of free contraceptives in the Philippines: a sharp reduction induced by the phase out of contraceptive donations to the country from an external donor coupled with a government policy that withdrew public funding to fill the supply shortfall, and substantial fluctuations in the shipment of free contraceptives to the country's provinces that were brought about by supply chain issues. It finds that birth rates were responsive to both broad and transitory changes in public contraceptive supply: provinces which experienced bigger declines in the supply of free contraceptives also had larger increases (or smaller decreases) in birth rates, while temporary supply drops (increases) were followed by rising (falling) birth rates. It also identifies poor, low-educated, and rural women as groups which may have difficulties coping with short-term gaps in public contraceptive supply. The second essay develops a novel approach of framing couple decision making as a deliberative and engaging process that may lead to a spouse prevailing over the other, but not necessarily so, in which case the decision-making authority is shared between spouses. It argues that when joint decision making is observed, it could be interpreted as indicative of cooperative spousal behavior. Using a rich dataset from a homogenous set of communities in the Philippines, it explores the patterns of household consumption spending that accompany the characterized decision-making arrangement. After controlling for total household resources and several factors that influence each spouse's bargaining power, the evidence suggests that children fare more favorably under couple's joint decision making than under sole decision making by either the mother or the father. This result likely stems from couples' ability to coordinate their spending priorities under joint decision making, which mitigates the underprovision of household public goods. The third essay, which is joint work with David Neumark and William Wascher, assesses recent studies claiming that estimates from the panel data approach used in much of the "new minimum wage research" are flawed because this approach fails to account for spatial heterogeneity. These recent studies use research designs intended to control for this heterogeneity, and conclude that minimum wages in the United States have not reduced employment. The essay explores the ability of these research designs to isolate reliable identifying information and tests their untested assumptions about the construction of better control groups. It presents evidence pointing to serious problems with these research designs. Moreover, it shows that new methods which let the data identify the appropriate control groups leads to evidence of disemployment effects, with teen employment elasticities near -0.15. It concludes that the evidence still shows that minimum wages pose a tradeoff of higher wages for some against job losses for others, and that policymakers need to bear this tradeoff in mind when making decisions about increasing the minimum wage.
Download or read book Essays in Development and Labor Economics written by Garima Sharma (Economist) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis comprises three chapters studying labor markets in developing countries. The first two chapters examine two sources of gender gaps in the labor market -- gender differences in employers' monopsony power over their workers, and the possibility that the decision-makers who design workplaces do not prioritize women's needs when doing so. The final chapter focuses on a different population, of the poorest Indian households, and studies whether a "big-push" program providing these households with a large asset transfer can durably lift them out of poverty. The first chapter examines the extent and sources of gender differences in employers' monopsony power over their workers in Brazil. I exploit establishment-level demand shocks induced by the end of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement to show that women are substantially less likely than men to separate from an employer that lowers their wage. The implied gender difference in monopsony power would generate an 18pp gender wage gap among equally productive workers, explaining over half the raw gender wage gap. To study the source of this gender difference in monopsony power, I build and estimate a discrete choice model wherein employers can have more monopsony over women either because women strongly prefer their current employer, or because they have fewer good employers than men. Of the 18pp monopsony gender gap, I find that 10 points are attributable to women's stronger preference for their specific employer, and 8 points to the fact that good jobs for women are highly concentrated in the textile sector. Surprisingly, I show that this concentration is itself largely a product of amenities/disamenities present in different sectors, rather than gender-specific comparative advantage. My findings demonstrate that although the textile industry provides women desirable jobs, this desirability confers its employers with higher monopsony power. By contrast, desirable jobs for men are not similarly concentrated. The second chapter (joint with Viola Corradini and Lorenzo Lagos) investigates why workplaces are not better designed for women. In particular, we show that changing the priorities of those who set workplace policies can create female-friendly jobs. Starting in 2015, Brazil's largest trade union federation, the Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) made women central to its bargaining agenda. We use a difference-in-differences design to compare establishments negotiating with CUT-affiliated unions to those negotiating with non-CUT unions. We find that "bargaining for women" increases female-centric amenities in collective bargaining agreements as well as in practice. These changes cause women to queue for jobs at treated establishments and separate from them less--both of which are revealed preference measures of firm value. We find no evidence that the gain in amenities comes at the expense of either men or women's employment or wages, or of firm profits. Our results thus suggest that changing institutional priorities can narrow the gender compensation gap. The final chapter (joint with Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo) studies the long-run effects of a "big-push" program that provides a large asset transfer to the poorest Indian households. The program is premised on the idea that the poor are stuck in a poverty trap, which implies that a one-time capital grant that makes very poor households substantially less poor ("big push") can set off a virtuous cycle that takes them out of poverty. In a randomized controlled trial that follows these households over ten years, we find that the program improves poor households' well-being over the long run, increasing their consumption by 0.6 standard deviations (SD), food security by 0.1 SD, income by 0.3 SD, and health by 0.2 SD. These effects grow for the first seven years following the transfer and persist until year ten. One main channel for persistence is that treated households take greater advantage of opportunities for income gains that arise naturally over time, such as by diversifying into lucrative wage employment and migration.
Download or read book Three Essays on Development Environment and the Labor Market written by Sudarno Sumarto and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Employment Growth and Development written by Deepak Nayyar and published by Routledge Chapman & Hall. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the critical themes of employment, growth and development to focus on challenges and opportunities, both old and new, in the contemporary world economy. The essential theme that runs through the book is that there is a strong relationship not only between employment and growth, but also between employment and development, where the causation runs in both directions. The author shows how employment transforms economic growth into meaningful development by providing livelihoods and incomes to people. While the book is primarily concerned with developing countries, it considers industrialized countries as points of reference or comparison, since the latter are a large part of an interdependent world, in which problems faced by the two sets of countries are frequently connected and sometimes common. The ten essays in this volume also provide a macroeconomic analysis of development problems situated in the wider context of a changing world economy, exploring possible solutions, to understand the implications for countries and for people. A timely collection by an eminent economist, this book will be useful to teachers, students and researchers in economics, especially those interested in macroeconomics, political economy and development studies.
Download or read book Essays in Development and Labour Economics written by Silvia Redaelli and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics written by Chen Huang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
