Download or read book Equality Labour and Social Protection for Women and Men in the Formal and Informal Economy in Viet Nam written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gender Dimensions of Viet Nam s Comprehensive Macroeconomic and Structural Reform Policies written by Le Anh Tu Packard and published by Geneva : UNRISD. This book was released on 2006 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a gender perspective, Viet Nam is an interesting case study because it is widely seen as a "globalization" success story where historically the social and political status of women have been high compared with women's status in many other developing countries. At the same time, there is concern that women's status may be eroding during the country's rapid transition to a market economy. Thus, it is of interest to examine the relationship between gender equality and economic performance, and to assess how women have fared when macroeconomic and structural reforms are judged to have produced successful results for the society as a whole. Viet Nam's recent reform experience is particularly instructive because it helps to identify the preconditions for women to benefit from these reforms. Similar to other rapidly growing Asian countries, Viet Nam's high growth has been accompanied by increased gender inequality as well as increased income inequality. Policy makers are paying more attention to this phenomenon of growing inequality because the country is entering a new development phase which involves an acceleration of the globalization process. At risk are poor households (many headed by single mothers) in rural and remote areas which are least able to cope with the transmission of external shocks. This paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of macroeconomic policies that benefit women by analysing the links between reform, gender equality, economic development and women's welfare as they played out in Viet Nam during the 1990s, when the government carried out far-reaching and comprehensive reforms. It employs descriptive, narrative and quantitative approaches to explain how macroeconomic and market liberalization policies, although gender-neutral in intent, can give rise to gendered outcomes as a result of various underlying and interrelated factors. These include social attitudes and conventions influenced by patriarchal values, the pattern and structure of occupational segregation and related gender wage differentials, gender differences in education levels, and labour regulations that have the effect of increasing productivity differences between men and women. The main finding of this paper is that the welfare of women in Viet Nam generally improved as a result of macroeconomic stabilization and controlled external liberalization policies adopted by a government that espoused a 'developmentalist state' model. The Doi Moi reform policies were effective because they were broadly appropriate for Viet Nam's particular circumstances. Women on the whole are better off as a result of the reforms, but the gains are not evenly distributed across income groups, regions and ethnic groups. Household and enterprise survey data present a mixed picture regarding gendered outcomes. Urban women belonging to the dominant ethnic group, by virtue of their higher status in society and better access to economic resources, have benefited more. Women who live in rural and remote areas and/or are members of ethnic minority communities tend to have low status and have benefited least. The negative aspects of the reforms bear mention. Although they were gender-neutral in intent, culturally influenced patterns of horizontal segregation and occupational segregation in Viet Nam gave rise to gendered outcomes and increased social stratification. Moreover, women bore the brunt of deflationary measures such as fiscal austerity and public sector downsizing (experienced during the early reform period). As globalization accelerates in Viet Nam, the anticipated change in ownership structure will influence the evolution of the gender wage gap. The output shares of the foreign-invested (FDI) and private sector are expected to rise at the expense of the state enterprise sector. In light of the current pattern of gender wage discrimination in the FDI and private sector, the government will need to adopt and vigorously enforce measures to increase competition in the high-wage sectors of the economy and strengthen laws against gender discrimination, in order to counteract the likelihood of a widening gender wage gap associated with private sector growth. Section 1 of this paper presents an overview of main issues and findings on the gender effects of Viet Nam's reform policies and transition to a market economy. To provide the context for understanding gender disparities in outcomes, section 2 presents basic socioeconomic, health and educational data disaggregated by gender, and outlines the legal status and condition of women in Viet Nam. Section 3 describes the main policy episodes (marked by broadly homogenous policy packages and economic circumstances) of Viet Nam's recent history, and analyses the gender dimensions of key reform policies. Section 4 concludes with a review of policy lessons, directions for future policy research, and recommendations that would enable women to improve their economic and social welfare.
Download or read book Women and Men in the Informal Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides, for the first time, direct measures of informal employment inside and outside informal enterprises for 47 countries. It also presents statistics on the composition and contribution of the informal economy as well as on specific groups of urban informal workers.
Download or read book Women gender and the informal economy an assessment of ILO research and suggested ways forward written by Sylvia Chant and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews ILO research on women, gender and the informal economy. It compares and contrasts analytical and methodological frameworks used in various studies, identifies research gaps and directions for future research, and indicates key findings that may assist concerned ILO units in taking action and formulating policy directions.
Download or read book How to Design the Vietnam Labor Code to Improve Gender Equality written by World Bank Group and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vietnam is in the process of updating its Labor Code of 2012. This advisory note is designed to inform a dialog on opportunities for how the 2012 Labor Code can be adjusted to balance the playing field between men and women so that they have equal access to and equal benefits from the labor market. It does so with to objective to support the gender assessment of new laws as stipulated by the Vietnam Promulgation of Laws of 2015. The advisory note draws on analysis carried out by the task team and under the World Bank's Vietnam Jobs Diagnostic. This advisory note is follow-up to a workshop hosted by the Social Affairs Committee of the Vietnam National Assembly and The World Bank on January 11, 2019, for members of the Social Affairs Committee and other National Assembly representatives. After the workshop the Committee and Social Affairs Department of the National Assembly asked for a write up of the recommendation made at the workshop. The recommendations and the workshop were carried out as part of the Vietnam Women's Economic Empowerment Project under the Australia-World Bank Group Strategic Partnership Program 2 (ABP2). The project is supporting the Government of Vietnam on its efforts to ensure that gender is addressed in legislation, including for example, the Labor Code.
Download or read book The Vietnamese Health Care System in Change written by Kerstin Priwitzer and published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. This book was released on 2012 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the last twenty years a large-scale bottom-up privatization has taken place in Vietnam, changing and dismantling the public health care system. This process has led to severe tensions inherent in the transitional society of Vietnam between equity and access to health care support - especially for the poor, elderly, migrants, and ethnic minorities - on the one hand, and its efficiency on the other hand. The book traces the reform efforts to modernize the health care system by the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government. The author bases her findings on little known primary literature and interviews with key stakeholders of the policy network involved in the reform of the health care system, thereby painting an authentic atmospheric picture of the profound changes in the health care system in Vietnam.
Download or read book Women Business and the Law 2021 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-04-05 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.
Download or read book Equality at Work written by and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2007 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines established and emerging trends in workplace discrimination and provides a global picture of the struggle to overcome the problem. The report addresses established discrimination issues and the persistence of economic, social, and moral implications caused by chronic racial, ethnic, and sex discrimination in employment. It also investigates recently recognized forms of discrimination, including those based on age and sexual orientation, and emerging forms such as genetic and lifestyle discrimination. Various institutional and policy responses to combat all kinds of discrimination in the workplace are highlighted. The book examines the effectiveness and accessibility of strategies such as affirmative action, procurement policy, and active labor market policies. It presents an action plan for eliminating discrimination and promoting equality as part of the decent work agenda at national and global levels.
Download or read book Social Protection for Informal Workers in Asia written by Sri Wening Handayani and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines the need to expand social protection coverage of the informal sector to support working age productivity, reduce vulnerability, and improve economic opportunity. Case studies from Bangladesh, the People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand offer suggestions to close social protection gaps and recommend policy solutions to create equitable and inclusive social protection programs for informal workers.
Download or read book Managing Gender Diversity in Asia written by Mustafa F. Èzbilgin and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing Gender Diversity in Asia is as timely as it is important. Mustafa F. Özbilgin and Jawad Syed raise the set of issues that all of us, managers and scholars, need to ponder and address if we are to have a 21st century defined by equity. Nancy J. Adler, McGill University, Canada This timely Companion examines the unique codes and processes of managing gender diversity, equality and inclusion in Asia. Managing Gender Diversity in Asia covers the whole geography of Asia through chapters authored by eminent scholars in the field and thus provides an authoritative tool for a critical and evidence based understanding of gender diversity management in Asia. The distinctive nature of Asian institutional structures, approaches and processes are examined in order to account for variations in representation and inclusion at work for women and men. This comprehensive Companion will make ideal reading for researchers, postgraduate students and practitioners who wish to understand the methodological and thematic idiosyncrasies of researching gender diversity management in organisational settings.
Download or read book Social Protection for the Informal Sector and the Informally Employed in Vietnam written by Nguyen Thi Lan Huong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Long Shadow of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.
Download or read book Women Business and the Law 2020 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank Group’s Women, Business and the Law examines laws and regulations affecting women’s prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across 190 economies. Its goal is to inform policy discussions on how to remove legal restrictions on women and promote research on how to improve women’s economic inclusion.
Download or read book Vietnam in the Global Economy written by Thomas Jandl and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is, in essence, about incentives: the incentives for competing societal interest groups to cooperate with each other to benefit from a growing economic pie, rather than fighting over a bigger share of a smaller one. This is the conundrum of economic development. If elite interest groups have both incentive and ability to allocate resources toward themselves, and if such rent seeking causes a decline in economic inefficiency, how can economies ever grow? The book illuminates the mechanisms by which in one of the world’s recent economic success stories— Vietnam’s rapid industrialization and passage into the middle-income category—the interest in cooperating to grow the economy overrode the elites’ instinct to allocate resources through the use of political power. The book shows how the need to provide positive conditions for international investment altered pay-off structures and pushed the all-powerful Communist Party of Vietnam to engage in bargaining with provincial officials; provincial officials with international investors; and finally all coercive elites even with the working classes. It describes the emergence of a harmony of interest among societal groups in which each group benefits from a growing economy, and no one group can monopolize the benefits of growth without hurting itself. The Vietnam case validates Nobel-Prize winning economist Mancur Olson’s proposition that elite predation can only be kept in check when the elite itself suffers from the economic decline it causes at least as much as it gains from the rents it collects.
Download or read book Women at Work written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the ILO's founding in 1919, gender equality and non-discrimination have been pillars of its mission to promote social justice through the world of work. As the Organization approaches its second century, it has chosen to focus on women at work as one of its centenary initiatives. Women at Work: Trends 2016 is a key contribution to these efforts and seeks to further the central goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. The report provides a picture of where women stand today in the world of work and how they have progressed over the past 20 years. It examines the global and regional labour market trend and gaps, including in labour force participation rates, employment-to-population rates and unemployment rates, as well as differences in the type and status in employment, hours spent in paid and unpaid work, sectoral segregation and gender gaps in wages and social protection. It also presents an in-depth analysis of the gender gaps in the quality of work and explores the key policy drivers for gender transformative change. The discussions and related recommendations focus on three main dimensions: sectoral and occupational segregation, the gender wage gap, and gaps in the policy framework for work and family integration.
Download or read book The Gender Implications of Public Sector Downsizing written by Martin Rama and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men and women may be affected differently by the transition from central planning to a market economy and especially by the privatization and restructuring of state-owned enterprises. In Vietnam during the massive downsizing in the early 1990s, many more women than men were laid off. But in the downsizing in the early part of this decade women are less likely than men to be retrenched in large numbers.Men and women may be affected differently by the transition from central planning to a market economy and especially by the privatization and restructuring of state-owned enterprises. After briefly reviewing the international evidence on this issue, Rama looks at the recent experience of Vietnam and the prospects of its new reform program.During the massive downsizing in Vietnam in the early 1990s, many more women than men were laid off. Women withdrew from the labor force in larger numbers than men after separation, but the difference nearly vanished after a year. Economic reforms were associated with a considerable decline in the gender gap in earnings, both in the state sector and outside it.Women are less likely to be retrenched in large numbers in the downsizing in the early part of this decade. Labor redundancies are concentrated in male-dominated sectors, such as mining, transport, and construction; redundancies are smaller in female-dominated sectors, such as footwear, textiles, and garments. Moreover, temporary and short-term contracts are more prevalent in female-dominated sectors, suggesting demand for women's work.Assistance programs for redundant workers have potential gender biases. Rama shows that separation packages defined as a multiple of earnings favor men more, while lump-sum packages favor women more. Packages based on seniority are roughly gender neutral, but require a substantially higher expenditure to reach the same acceptance rate as the other two.This paper - a product of Public Service Delivery, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to address social protection issues in the context of economic reforms. The study was supported by the Vietnam Country Office, East Asia and Pacific Region, and by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project quot;Efficient Public Sector Downsizingquot; (RPO 683-67). The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Social Protection written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Joint report for international donor on social development in Vietnam.
