Download or read book Key Activities in Epa s Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy Remain Unimplemented written by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key activities in EPA's integrated urban air toxics strategy remain unimplemented .
Download or read book Key activities in EPA s integrated urban air toxics strategy remain unimplemented written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of the Inspector General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Key Activities in Epa s Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy Remain Unimplemented written by U.s Environmental Protection Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Section 112(k) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990 required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a strategy to reduce public health risks in urban areas from air toxics emissions, particularly from small stationary sources. EPA issued its Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy in 1999 to meet this requirement.
Download or read book EPA s Urban Air Toxics Strategy written by Renee J. Robins and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive summary: The Summer Air Symposium is a continuation of conferences established in 1993 for the purpose of informing decision makers on scientific aspects of important air pollution issues. Participation is limited to invited members of the scientific, regulatory, industrial, and public interest communities. The small size of the group promotes discussions that have led to important progress on ideas for improvements in air pollution control. The conference is co-sponsored by a variety of organizations (see Appendix I). The objective of the 1999 Symposium was to discuss scientific aspects of EPA's Urban Air Toxics Strategy, including the influence of science on policy and the influence of policy on scientific research. Specific questions to be addressed include: * What is known? * What are the uncertainties and their magnitude? * What research should be done? The EPA Urban Air Toxics Strategy is a new type of undertaking because it's a strategy, not a rule. It sets priorities and a schedule for ongoing action. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) identify 189 pollutants as air toxics. The CAAA establish a two-step approach for regulating these pollutants: (1) standard setting, which is designed to get broad reductions across the board, along with incidental reductions from mobile source programs, and (2) determination of whether additional reductions are needed to protect health and the environment. The Urban Air Toxics Strategy, residual risk standards, and mobile source study and standards come under the second step. The biggest challenge is to regulate while we're still learning: source inventories are evolving and our understanding of atmospheric transformation and cumulative effects is still incomplete. The paradigm is: source --> ambient conc. --> exposure -> dose --> effect control. Sources present a complex challenge. There are multiple pollutants, multiple sources, and we only have primitive emission characterization. Many ambient pollutants result from transformation in the atmosphere. Monitoring has provided some ambient data-showing some downward trends-but by no means enough. We need a national system, but need to be careful not to overbuild, for resources might be better used elsewhere. There are a lot of existing data that could be analyzed. Data challenges include a lack of prescribed methods and a need to better understand variability. States need to Ok participate in decisions concerning when and how to act. Exposure is the connection between ambient concentrations and health effects. For toxics, there is a special need to understand indoor vs. outdoor sources and exposures. Indoor exposures are poorly understood. We need to develop source apportionment tools, and this is critical to developing costeffective control strategies. The Cumulative Exposure Project is a major effort to address all sources, and it has come reasonably close to monitored levels. It is being brought into the Urban Air Toxics Strategy and updated (NATA). The challenges are dealing with a 1990 inventory, improving the quality of modeling, and public/risk communication. MATES II is an example of a very community-oriented attempt to do some of these same things. Diesel and mercury are in some sense the easy cases. We understand the sources, have health data, and there is a history and technology of controlling emissions. With respect to diesel, the debate is whether its emissions constitute an air toxic or not, and how large the risk is (which can be addressed with quantitative risk assessment tools). There has been less debate today concerning what to do about it. Is it regulated as PM? As an air toxic? Resolving these issues is important for determining diesel control strategies. Mercury is a very public issue because of fish advisories and TRI data. We know the primary anthropogenic sources, and control is possible, although at a cost ("catching a few fish in a big lake"). Health effects are a key element and a major challenge in developing an air toxics regulatory strategy. There is a "miserably inadequate data set for quantitative risk assessment." Only 14 of 33 priority HAPs have potency values, and there are quantification challenges, as well as questions about mechanisms at high and low doses. Unanswered is whether we are aiming for an "acceptable level of risk" (e.g. 1 excess cancer in a million) or an "acceptable level of control" (e.g. MACT). Finally, there are many research needs to support an overall strategy. Priorities include source characterization and inventory building, atmospheric transformation, improved monitoring techniques and standardization, exposure assessment for key indoor/outdoor toxics, and health science including biomarkers for exposure and dose-response information.
Download or read book Fact Sheet written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Air Toxics Program written by Environmental Protection Agency (US) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAA) required the EPA to take specific actions to reduce emissions and risks from air toxics. Air toxics (also known as hazardous air pollutants or HAPs) are pollutants known to cause or suspected of causing cancer as well as respiratory, neurological, reproductive and other serious health effects. Air toxics are emitted by mobile sources (e.g., cars, trucks and construction equipment); large or major sources (e.g., factories and power plants); smaller, or area, sources (e.g., gas stations and dry cleaners); and background sources (e.g., longrange transport of pollution and natural emissions sources such as wildfires). Examples of air toxics include benzene, found in gasoline; perchloroethylene, emitted from some dry cleaning facilities; and methylene chloride, used as a solvent by several industries. Congress expressed under CAA section 112(k) that emissions of air toxics, individually or in the aggregate, may present significant risks to public health in urban areas and directed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop a strategy to reduce these risks. Considering the large number of persons exposed and the risks of carcinogenic and other adverse health impacts from HAPs, the EPA believed that to reduce public health risks in urban areas, aggregated exposures from all sources had to be addressed. Therefore, it developed the Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy in 1999, using all available authorities, for reducing cumulative public health risks in urban areas posed by the aggregated exposures from all sources, including major stationary sources, smaller area stationary sources and mobile sources. The EPA also recognized that national regulations alone would not be enough to address all of the issues, particularly those affecting urban areas.
Download or read book Air Pollution States Assigned a Major Role in EPA s Air Toxics Strategy written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Toxics Emissions written by Nancy Riley and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National air toxics program the integrated urban strategy report to Congress written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Air Toxics Program Integrated Urban Strategy Report to Congress written by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.
Download or read book Air Pollution written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a congressional request, GAO examined the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) strategy to rely more on states to regulate toxic air pollutants, specifically: (1) the status of the strategy; (2) certain legal issues related to state regulation of pollutants; and (3) variances among state air toxics programs. GAO noted that the EPA strategy of delegating its authority to set standards and regulations for toxic air pollutants and pollution sources raised concerns about legal issues, public health, and industry location implications. GAO found that: (1) the question of whether EPA has the discretion to delegate regulatory responsibility to states instead of issuing national standards is under litigation; (2) although EPA discontinued referring the regulation of toxic air pollutants to states, it continued to identify potential pollution sources in states and furnish them with studies for use in evaluation and regulation; (3) as of May 1968, 17 states had pollution control programs in place and 29 were developing programs; (4) since the state programs vary in terms of the pollutants and sources they regulate, their regulation strategies, and the methods they use to establish acceptable emission levels, then the levels of public exposure to toxic pollutants also vary; and (5) environmental regulation is generally not a significant factor in industry location decisions.
Download or read book Air Pollution written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Air Toxics Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 1995 Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program written by Kathy Weant and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Air Toxics Program the Integrated Urban Strategy Report to Congress U S Environmental Protection Agency Microfiche written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
