Download or read book EPA Hydraulic Fracturing Study Improvement Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011- ) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book H R 2850 EPA Hydraulic Fracturing Study Improvement Act of 2013 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Hydraulic Fracturing Study Improvement Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas written by United States Environmental Agency and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This final report provides a review and synthesis of available scientific information concerning the relationship between hydraulic fracturing activities and drinking water resources in the United States. The report is organized around activities in the hydraulic fracturing water cycle and their potential to impact drinking water resources. The stages include: (1) acquiring water to be used for hydraulic fracturing (Water Acquisition), (2) mixing the water with chemical additives to prepare hydraulic fracturing fluids (Chemical Mixing), (3) injecting the hydraulic fracturing fluids into the production well to create fractures in the targeted production zone (Well Injection), (4) collecting the wastewater that returns through the well after injection (Produced Water Handling), and (5) managing the wastewater via disposal or reuse methods (Wastewater Disposal and Reuse). EPA found scientific evidence that hydraulic fracturing activities can impact drinking water resources under some circumstances. The report identifies certain conditions under which impacts from hydraulic fracturing activities can be more frequent or severe."-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Download or read book Review of Hydraulic Fracturing Technology and Practices written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SAB Review of EPA s Draft Hydraulic Fracturing Study Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fracking written by Michael D. Holloway and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the history, techniques, and materials used in the practice of induced hydraulic fracturing, one of today's hottest topics, for the production of natural gas, while examining the environmental and economic impact. You can't squeeze blood from a turnip, but you can release trapped natural gas from rock. At least that is what is being accomplished now throughout North America. Natural gas that is primarily methane has been proven to be an excellent fuel source. It can be safely burned to create heat to power engines, boilers in factories and homes as well as powering turbines for generating electricity. Projections on natural gas volumes trapped underground suggest a nearly inexhaustible supply of this product. Yet with such abundance comes controversy. A popular and economical technique relies on the gas from subterranean sources and requires fracturing rock bed. This process is actually carried out naturally every day with water or magma. Magma may flow into rock beds superheating water to generate steam. The resulting pressure of the expanding water molecules can be so great, it can lift and separate thousands of tons of rock deep beneath the Earth's surface. This same practice can be carried out artificially (induced) using high-powered pumps and various liquid compounds. This technique combined with new horizontal directional drilling machines have enabled the harvest and distribution of natural gas. But at what cost? Does this practice contribute to greenhouse gas? Does it create earthquakes? Does it contaminate the groundwater supply? These are important issues surrounding hydraulic fracturing, and they are covered here in detail.
Download or read book Draft Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Study of the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources written by U. S. Environmental Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas plays a key role in our nation's clean energy future. The United States has vast reserves of natural gas that are commercially viable as a result of advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies, which enable greater access to gas in rock formations deep underground. These advances have spurred a significant increase in the production of both natural gas and oil across the country. Responsible development of America's oil and gas resources offers important economic, energy security, and environmental benefits. However, as the use of hydraulic fracturing has increased, so have concerns about its potential human health and environmental impacts, especially for drinking water. In response to public concern, the US House of Representatives requested that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conduct scientific research to examine the relationship between hydraulic fracturing and drinking water resources. In 2011, the EPA began research under its Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources. The purpose of the study is to assess the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources, if any, and to identify the driving factors that may affect the severity and frequency of such impacts. Scientists are focusing primarily on hydraulic fracturing of shale formations to extract natural gas, with some study of other oil-and gas-producing formations, including tight sands, and coalbeds. The EPA has designed the scope of the research around five stages of the hydraulic fracturing water cycle. Each stage of the cycle is associated with a primary research question: Water acquisition: What are the possible impacts of large volume water withdrawals from ground and surface waters on drinking water resources? Chemical mixing: What are the possible impacts of hydraulic fracturing fluid surface spills on or near well pads on drinking water resources? Well injection: What are the possible impacts of the injection and fracturing process on drinking water resources? Flowback and produced water: What are the possible impacts of flowback and produced water (collectively referred to as "hydraulic fracturing wastewater") surface spills on or near well pads on drinking water resources? Wastewater treatment and waste disposal: What are the possible impacts of inadequate treatment of hydraulic fracturing wastewater on drinking water resources? This report describes 18 research projects underway to answer these research questions and presents the progress made as of September 2012 for each of the projects. Information presented as part of this report cannot be used to draw conclusions about potential impacts to drinking water resources from hydraulic fracturing. The research projects are organized according to five different types of research activities: analysis of existing data, scenario evaluations, laboratory studies, toxicity assessments, and case studies.
Download or read book Scoping Materials for Initial Design of EPA Research Study on Potential Relationships Between Hydraulic Fracturing and Drinking Water Resources written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Study of the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources written by Lek Kadeli and published by . This book was released on 2013-02-03 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources written by U. S. Environmental Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-16 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas plays a key role in our nation's clean energy future. Recent advances in drilling technologies-including horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing-have made vast reserves of natural gas economically recoverable in the US. Responsible development of America's oil and gas resources offers important economic, energy security, and environmental benefits. Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation technique used to maximize production of oil and natural gas in unconventional reservoirs, such as shale, coalbeds, and tight sands. During hydraulic fracturing, specially engineered fluids containing chemical additives and proppant are pumped under high pressure into the well to create and hold open fractures in the formation. These fractures increase the exposed surface area of the rock in the formation and, in turn, stimulate the flow of natural gas or oil to the wellbore. As the use of hydraulic fracturing has increased, so have concerns about its potential environmental and human health impacts. Many concerns about hydraulic fracturing center on potential risks to drinking water resources, although other issues have been raised. In response to public concern, the US Congress directed the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct scientific research to examine the relationship between hydraulic fracturing and drinking water resources. This study plan represents an important milestone in responding to the direction from Congress. EPA is committed to conducting a study that uses the best available science, independent sources of information, and a transparent, peer-reviewed process that will ensure the validity and accuracy of the results. The Agency will work in consultation with other federal agencies, state and interstate regulatory agencies, industry, non-governmental organizations, and others in the private and public sector in carrying out this study. Stakeholder outreach as the study is being conducted will continue to be a hallmark of our efforts, just as it was during the development of this study plan. The overall purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship, if any, between hydraulic fracturing and drinking water resources. More specifically, the study has been designed to assess the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources and to identify the driving factors that affect the severity and frequency of any impacts. Based on the increasing development of shale gas resources in the US, and the comments EPA received from stakeholders, this study emphasizes hydraulic fracturing in shale formations. Portions of the research, however, are also intended to provide information on hydraulic fracturing in coalbed methane and tight sand reservoirs. The scope of the research includes the hydraulic fracturing water use lifecycle, which is a subset of the greater hydrologic cycle. For the purposes of this study, the hydraulic fracturing water lifecycle begins with water acquisition from surface or ground water and ends with discharge into surface waters or injection into deep wells. Specifically, the water lifecycle for hydraulic fracturing consists of water acquisition, chemical mixing, well injection, flowback and produced water (collectively referred to as "hydraulic fracturing wastewater"), and wastewater treatment and waste disposal.
Download or read book Shale Gas in the Spotlight written by Chloe Marie and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After years of study, on December 13, 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finally released its final report on Impacts from the Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle on Drinking Water Resources in the United States. Despite much attention on the changes to some of the specific language used, this long-awaited final report largely conforms with the preliminary findings set out in the EPA's draft assessment, dated June 2015, that hydraulic fracturing activities have some potential to impact drinking water resources, but that impacts to date have been relatively isolated rather than pervasive. Changes have been made in the final report, in comparison with the draft assessment, including providing further clarification relating to the major findings, adding other chemicals to the chemicals listed in the draft assessment, and better identifying gaps in data and uncertainties in scientific knowledge. Notably, EPA also reconsidered the language of its conclusion in the draft assessment that the agency “did not find evidence that these mechanisms have led to widespread, systemic impacts on drinking water resources in the United States.” EPA excluded this sentence in its final report explaining that “contrary to what the sentence implied, uncertainties prevent EPA from estimating the national frequency of impacts on drinking water resources from activities in the hydraulic fracturing water cycle.”
Download or read book Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The overall purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship, if any, between hydraulic fracturing and drinking water resources. More specifically, the study has been designed to assess the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources and to identify the driving factors that affect the severity and frequency of any impacts. Based on the increasing development of shale gas resources in the US, and the comments EPA received from stakeholders, this study emphasizes hydraulic fracturing in shale formations. Portions of the research, however, are also intended to provide information on hydraulic fracturing in coalbed methane and tight sand reservoirs." -- viii.
Download or read book Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The overall purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship, if any, between hydraulic fracturing and drinking water resources. More specifically, the study has been designed to assess the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources and to identify the driving factors that affect the severity and frequency of any impacts. Based on the increasing development of shale gas resources in the US, and the comments EPA received from stakeholders, this study emphasizes hydraulic fracturing in shale formations. Portions of the research, however, are also intended to provide information on hydraulic fracturing in coalbed methane and tight sand reservoirs."--Viii.
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Regulatory Issues written by Mary Tiemann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews past and proposed treatment of hydraulic fracturing under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the principal federal statute for regulating the underground injection of fluids to protect groundwater sources of drinking water. It reviews current SDWA provisions for regulating underground injection activities, and discusses some possible implications of the enactment of legislation authorizing EPA to regulate hydraulic fracturing (beyond diesel) under this statute.
Download or read book Lessons Learned written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-30 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lessons learned : EPA's investigations of hydraulic fracturing : joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy & Subcommittee on Environment, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, July 24, 2013.
