Download or read book Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents written by Evgeny N. Vulfson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymatic catalysis has gained considerable attention in recent years as an efficient tool in the preparation of natural products, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and food ingredients. The high selectivity and mild reaction con- tions associated with enzymatic transformations have made this approach an attractive alternative in the synthesis of complex bioactive compounds, which are often difficult to obtain by standard chemical routes. However, the maj- ity of organic compounds are not very soluble in water, which was traditi- ally perceived as the only suitable reaction medium for the application of biocatalysts. The realization that most enzymes can function perfectly well under nearly anhydrous conditions and, in addition, display a number of useful properties, e. g. , highly enhanced stability and different selectivity, has d- matically widened the scope of their application to the organic synthesis. Another great attraction of using organic solvents rather than water as a reaction solvent is the ability to perform synthetic transformations with re- tively inexpensive hydrolytic enzymes. It is worth reminding the reader that in vivo, the synthetic and hydrolytic pathways are catalyzed by different enzymes. However, elimination of water from the reaction mixture enables the “reversal” of hydrolytic enzymes and thus avoids the use of the expensive cofactors or activated substrates that are required for their synthetic count- parts.
Download or read book Methods in Non Aqueous Enzymology written by Munishwar N. Gupta and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending the range of enzymatic catalysis by using non-aqueous media has now developed into a powerful approach in biochemistry and biotechnology. One peculiar feature which distinguishes it from the conventional enzymology (carried out in aqueous buffers) is that the awareness of different parameters that control and influence the behaviour of enzymes in such environments has emerged rather slowly. Science is about being able to repeat what somebody else has done. Absence of knowledge about such well-defined parameters/fac tors has sometimes made some workers rather cautious and diffident about using this approach in their laboratories. But for this, non-aqueous enzymol ogy would be more widely practised. It is these thoughts that made me feel that the availability of some well-defined protocols for various applications invol ving enzymes in non-aqueous environments would further catalyze the growth of this area. Hence this book, in which each chapter has some protocols in a specific area. The protocols are preceded by brief background material. The early chapters, which are of general importance, concern control of water ac tivity and stabilization via immobilization. Some subsequent chapters provide the protocols for transformations involving lipids and carbohydrates, peptide synthesis, and preparation of chiral compounds. The disproportionate focus on lipases is not a coincidence; this class of enzymes has been used more often than others in non-aqueous enzymology.
Download or read book Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents written by Evgeny N. Vulfson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents: Methods and Protocols, leading chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and process engineers summarize for the first time a wide range of methods for executing enzymatic transformations under nonaqueous conditions. Each method includes detailed step-by-step instructions for its successful completion, a list of materials, and ancillary notes that explain the scientific basis of the procedure, as well as troubleshooting. Also provided are a generic description of key reactions, advice on biocatalyst preparation, discussion of reaction conditions, and instructions on bioreactor design. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Enzymes in Nonaqueous Solvents: Methods and Protocols offers today's synthetic chemists, biochemists, and process engineers all the essential information needed to carry out enzymatic reactions in nonaqueous media, as well as to successfully scale up to production quantities.
Download or read book Enzyme Design for Nonaqueous Solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a biotechnological perspective there are many advantages of employing enzymes in organic as opposed to aqueous media. While there is now little question that enzymes can function in organic media, reaction rates are typically quite low. Relatively few kinetic studies have been carried out, and detailed investigations of enzyme structure and dynamics are fewer still. The overall goal of this ARO-sponsored research has been to identify the factors that govern enzyme activity and specificity in organic solvents, and apply this knowledge in the design of enzyme catalysts with optimal (i.e., aqueous-like) activity in nonaqueous media. In addition, this research set out to expand on our recent success in activating enzymes for use in organic solvents - in some cases activations of greater than 1000-fold have been achieved - and to understand fundamentally the factors that govern enzyme activity and enzyme activation in organic solvents. The knowledge gained in this investigation can be applied to a more general design of enzyme catalysts with optimal (i.e., aqueous-like) activity and tailored selectivity in nonaqueous media.
Download or read book Organic Synthesis with Enzymes in Non Aqueous Media written by Giacomo Carrea and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Closing a gap in the literature, this comprehensive book examines and discusses different non-aqueous systems from organic solvents to ionic liquids for synthetic applications, thus opening the door to new successful methods for biocatalytic reactions. It gathers into one handy source the information otherwise widely spread throughout the literature, combining useful background information with a number of synthetic examples, including industrial scale processes for pharmaceutical and fine chemicals. Extremely well structured, the text introduces the fundamentals of non-aqueous enzymology, before going on to new reaction media and synthetic applications using hydrolases and non-hydrolytic enzymes. The one-stop reference for everyone working in this hot field.
Download or read book Enzymatic Reactions in Organic Media written by Ari Koskinen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The outlook of organic synthesis has changed many times during its tractable history. The initial focus on the synthesis of substances typical of living matter, exemplified by the first examples of organic chemistry through the synthesis of urea from inorganic substances by Liebig, was accepted as the birth of organic chemistry, and thus also of organic synthesis. Although the early developments in organic synthesis closely followed the pursuit of molecules typical in nature, towards the end of the 19th century, societal pressures placed higher demands on chemical methods appropriate for the emerging age of industrialization. This led to vast amounts of information being generated through the discovery of synthetic reactions, spectroscopic techniques and reaction mechanisms. The basic organic functional group transformations were discovered and improved during the early part of this century. Reaction mechanisms were elucidated at a growing pace, and extremely powerful spectroscopic tools, such as infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry were introduced as everyday tools for a practising organic chemist. By the 1950s, many practitioners were ready to agree that almost every molecule could be syn thesized. Some difficult stereochemical problems were exceptions; for example Woodward concluded that erythromycin was a "hopelessly complex target". This frustration led to a hectic phase of development of new and increasingly more ingenious protecting group strategies and functional group transformations, and also saw the emergence of asymmetric synthesis.
Download or read book Applied Biocatalysis written by Harvey W. Blanch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-06-24 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biocatalysis for Practitioners written by Gonzalo de Gonzalo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book originates from the interdisciplinary research cooperation between academia and industry. In three distinct parts, latest results from basic research on stable enzymes are explained and brought into context with possible industrial applications. Downstream processing technology as well as biocatalytic and biotechnological production processes from global players display the enormous potential of biocatalysts. Application of "extreme" reaction conditions (i.e. unconventional, such as high temperature, pressure, and pH value) - biocatalysts are normally used within a well defined process window - leads to novel synthetic effects. Both novel enzyme systems and the synthetic routes in which they can be applied are made accessible to the reader. In addition, the complementary innovative process technology under unconventional conditions is highlighted by latest examples from biotech industry.
Download or read book Deep Eutectic Solvents written by Diego J. Ramón and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A useful guide to the fundamentals and applications of deep eutectic solvents Deep Eutectic Solvents contains a comprehensive review of the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an environmentally benign alternative reaction media for chemical transformations and processes. The contributors cover a range of topics including synthesis, structure, properties, toxicity and biodegradability of DESs. The book also explores myriad applications in various disciplines, such as organic synthesis and (bio)catalysis, electrochemistry, extraction, analytical chemistry, polymerizations, (nano)materials preparation, biomass processing, and gas adsorption. The book is aimed at organic chemists, catalytic chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, biochemists, electrochemists, and others involved in the design of eco-friendly reactions and processes. This important book: -Explores the promise of DESs as an environmentally benign alternative to hazardous organic solvents -Covers the synthesis, structure, properties (incl. toxicity) as well as a wide range of applications -Offers a springboard for stimulating critical discussion and encouraging further advances in the field Deep Eutectic Solvents is an interdisciplinary resource for researchers in academia and industry interested in the many uses of DESs as an environmentally benign alternative reaction media.
Download or read book Enzyme Design for Nonaqueous Media Optimization of Enzymatic Catalysis for Organic Solvent Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a biotechnological perspective there are many potential advantages of employing enzymes in organic as opposed to aqueous media. To that end, we have concluded an initial three-year research program in the area of enzymatic catalysis in organic solvents. Our studies have focused on the effect of protein hydration on subtilisins BPN' and Carlsberg in nonaqueous media. Investigations on protein engineered mutants, catalyst engineering studies, and structural studies, primarily employing EPR spectroscopy, have revealed fundamental information on the role of water, the the nature of enzyme structure, and the effects of solvents on the catalytic activity in organic solvents. This study has also resulted in several rational methods to dramatically improve enzyme activity under anhydrous conditions. Catalytic activities in organic solvents can now be expressed at levels similar to that in water--this is a major advance in the field of nonaqueous enzymology. (jg).
Download or read book Enzyme Catalysed Reactions in Non aqueous Solvents written by Susan Frances Alford and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biocatalysis in Green Solvents written by Pedro Lozano and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biocatalysis in Green Solvents offers a pragmatic overview and instruction in biocatalysis and enzymology of green solvents for sustainable industries and medicine, running from concept to application. Here, international experts in the field discuss structure-function relationships of enzymes in ionic liquids (ILs) and examine how enzymes act as selective catalysts for fine biochemical synthesis in non-aqueous environments. Several integral green biochemical processes of biocatalytic transformation and pure product separation are described in detail. Application focused chapters discuss the role of biocatalysis in creating and implementing deep eutectic solvents, biomass derived solvents, sub and supercritical fluids, carbon dioxide biphasic systems, and enzymatic membrane reactors, as well as applying these biocatalytic processes in drug discovery and production. Examines the structure-function relationships of enzymes in ionic liquids and biocatalytic processes for various applications across industry and medicine Includes clear instruction in core green biochemical processes—of (bio)catalytic transformation—and pure product separation Features chapter contributions from international experts across academia and industry
Download or read book Biomolecules in Organic Solvents written by Armando Gomez-Puyou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-01-27 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomolecules and Organic Solvents discusses the behavior of enzymes and multi-enzyme complexes in organic solvents, in addition to the problem of water-protein interactions and the characteristics of water at interphases. It attempts to bridge the gap between the all water and the organic solvents systems from the point of view of enzyme structure and function. The mechanism of action of enzymes dispersed in anhydrous organic solvents and the biotechnological perspectives of the field are evaluated, and new information regarding the function and characteristics of complex multi-enzymatic systems and whole cells in organic solvents are examined. New developments regarding the nature of the water pool and interphases of reverse micelles and their enzyme kinetics are also explored. The characteristics and properties of enzymes trapped in reverse micelles are discussed throughout the book. Biomolecules in Organic Solvents is essential reading for biochemists, molecular biologists, and others working in related fields.
Download or read book Molecular Biology and Biotechnology written by Robert Allen Meyers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1995-06-29 with total page 1090 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is one volume 'library' of information on molecular biology, molecular medicine, and the theory and techniques for understanding, modifying, manipulating, expressing, and synthesizing biological molecules, conformations, and aggregates. The purpose is to assist the expanding number of scientists entering molecular biology research and biotechnology applications from diverse backgrounds, including biology and medicine, as well as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering.
Download or read book Understanding Enzymes written by Allan Svendsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Enzymes: Function, Design, Engineering, and Analysis focuses on the understanding of enzyme function and optimization gained in the past decade, past enzyme function analysis, enzyme engineering, and growing insights from the simulation work and nanotechnology measurement of enzymes in action in vitro or in silico. The book also prese
Download or read book Enzymatic Transformation written by Soundar Divakar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transformations using enzymes have been extensively investigated in the last two decades and the results promise great potential for this growing field, especially in the area of synthetic organic chemistry mainly due to of its many advantages. Accordingly, this book has attempted to bring out the advantages of using enzymes involving complex underivatized and unprotected substrates in non-polar media under homogenous and heterogeneous reaction conditions. Merits and demerits of using enzymes in terms of yields and selectivity/specificity are presented without any prejudice. Almost all the reactions dealt with are from the author’s laboratory comprising diverse substrates, and the catalysis involves two important hydrolyzing enzymes, extensively examined for the reverse reactions. Thus, esterification involving lipses and glycosylation involving glycosidases were investigated with respect to various strategies like optimization of reaction conditions, response surface methodology and kinetics, carrying out reactions under solvent, non-solvent and super critical carbon dioxide conditions. In short, the work presented is to ensure the comprehension of the problems faced by the researchers in this area so as to work out further efficient strategies for carrying out enzymatic transformations in the laboratory successfully with better yields and specificity.
Download or read book Organic Synthesis Using Biocatalysis written by Animesh Goswami and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-06 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Synthesis Using Biocatalysis provides a concise background on the application of biocatalysis for the synthesis of organic compounds, including the important biocatalytic reactions and application of biocatalysis for the synthesis of organic compounds in pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical areas. The book provides recipes for carrying out various biocatalytic reactions, helping both newcomers and non-experts use these methodologies. It is written by experts in their fields, and provides both a current status and future prospects of biocatalysis in the synthesis of organic molecules. Provides a concise background of the application of biocatalysis for the synthesis of organic compounds Expert contributors present recipes for carrying out biocatalytic reactions, including subject worthy discussions on biocatalysis in organic synthesis, biocatalysis for selective organic transformation, enzymes as catalysis for organic synthesis, biocatalysis in Industry, including pharmaceuticals, and more Contains detailed, separate chapters that describe the application of biocatalysis
