Download or read book Environmental surveillance for SARS CoV 2 to complement other public health surveillance written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental surveillance (ES) for SARS-COV-2 has been used in many locations to augment clinical data and support public health decision making. ES provides additional evidence on virus in circulation at population level such as presence or absence, early warning of increasing or decreasing trends, and information on variants of concern or interest. This guidance updates interim guidance published in April 2022 and provides advice on: What situations ES has been shown to add value to public health decision making. What is needed to plan and coordinate an effective ES programme. How to carry out data collection, analysis, interpretation and communication of results. This guidance is targeted at public health officials who want to understand and integrate complementary ES into COVID-19 control strategies.

Download or read book Environmental Surveillance for SARS COV 2 to Complement Public Health Surveillance Interim Guidance written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wastewater Surveillance for Covid 19 Management written by Manish Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the recent challenges and future perspectives involved in the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for COVID-19. The book aims to improve the monitoring of COVID-19 in wastewater by focusing on recent scientific studies in the surveillance and treatment of wastewater containing SARS-CoV-RNA, assessment of COVID-19 in the community and delivering a new scientific understanding of prevalence and re-emergence based on the WBE. It also provides a global perspective on effective detection methods for the analysis and interpretation of the RNA count of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater and predicts the effects wastewater may have on the infection rate. Readers will find in this book case studies from France, India and Southeast Asian of non-invasive population-based monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 through sewage surveillance, and will learn more about the virus behaviour and transmission in different environmental settings. The significance of membrane technologies for virusremoval from water is also addressed in this book, as well as advanced techniques for identifying, quantifying, and characterizing SARS-CoV-2 in activated sludge and wastewater. The book provides a great interface to researchers such as microbiologists, environmental engineers, data scientists and civil engineers, emphasizing issues related to the current monitoring methodology. Furthermore, it also encourages researchers and policymakers by raising awareness of potential new methodologies for wastewater surveillance and accurate monitoring of COVID-19.

Download or read book Status of Environmental Surveillance for SARS CoV 2 Virus Scientific Brief written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Status of Environmental Surveillance for SARS CoV 2 Virus Scientific Brief written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment written by Charles N. Haas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection risk cause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberate infections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at every step of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release of a pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gather information, on how each microorganism moves through the environment, how to determine their survival rates on various media, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure the impact of interventions and identify the best policies and practices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinking water, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in the indoor environment

Download or read book Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-11-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early detection is essential to the control of emerging, reemerging, and novel infectious diseases, whether naturally occurring or intentionally introduced. Containing the spread of such diseases in a profoundly interconnected world requires active vigilance for signs of an outbreak, rapid recognition of its presence, and diagnosis of its microbial cause, in addition to strategies and resources for an appropriate and efficient response. Although these actions are often viewed in terms of human public health, they also challenge the plant and animal health communities. Surveillance, defined as "the continual scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and spread of a disease that are pertinent to effective control", involves the "systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data." Disease detection and diagnosis is the act of discovering a novel, emerging, or reemerging disease or disease event and identifying its cause. Diagnosis is "the cornerstone of effective disease control and prevention efforts, including surveillance." Disease surveillance and detection relies heavily on the astute individual: the clinician, veterinarian, plant pathologist, farmer, livestock manager, or agricultural extension agent who notices something unusual, atypical, or suspicious and brings this discovery in a timely way to the attention of an appropriate representative of human public health, veterinary medicine, or agriculture. Most developed countries have the ability to detect and diagnose human, animal, and plant diseases. Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges-Finding Solutions, Workshop Summary is part of a 10 book series and summarizes the recommendations and presentations of the workshop.

Download or read book Infectious Disease Surveillance written by Nkuchia M. M'ikanatha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 1139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully updated edition of Infectious Disease Surveillance is for frontline public health practitioners, epidemiologists, and clinical microbiologists who are engaged in communicable disease control. It is also a foundational text for trainees in public health, applied epidemiology, postgraduate medicine and nursing programs. The second edition portrays both the conceptual framework and practical aspects of infectious disease surveillance. It is a comprehensive resource designed to improve the tracking of infectious diseases and to serve as a starting point in the development of new surveillance systems. Infectious Disease Surveillance includes over 45 chapters from over 100 contributors, and topics organized into six sections based on major themes. Section One highlights the critical role surveillance plays in public health and it provides an overview of the current International Health Regulations (2005) in addition to successes and challenges in infectious disease eradication. Section Two describes surveillance systems based on logical program areas such as foodborne illnesses, vector-borne diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, viral hepatitis healthcare and transplantation associated infections. Attention is devoted to programs for monitoring unexplained deaths, agents of bioterrorism, mass gatherings, and disease associated with international travel. Sections Three and Four explore the uses of the Internet and wireless technologies to advance infectious disease surveillance in various settings with emphasis on best practices based on deployed systems. They also address molecular laboratory methods, and statistical and geospatial analysis, and evaluation of systems for early epidemic detection. Sections Five and Six discuss legal and ethical considerations, communication strategies and applied epidemiology-training programs. The rest of the chapters offer public-private partnerships, as well lessons from the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic and future directions for infectious disease surveillance.

Download or read book Women in Water Quality written by Deborah Jean O’Bannon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-29 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume captures the impact of women’s research on the public health and environmental engineering profession. The volume is written as a scholarly text to demonstrate that women compete successfully in the field, dating back to 1873. Each authors’ chapter includes a section on her contribution to the field and a biography written for a general audience. This volume also includes a significant representation of early women’s contributions, highlighting their rich history in the profession. The book covers topics such as drinking water and health, biologically-active compounds, wastewater management, and biofilms. This volume should be of interest to academics, researchers, consulting engineering offices, and engineering societies while also inspiring young women to persist in STEM studies and aspire to academic careers. Features a blend of innovations and contributions made by women in water quality engineering, as well as their path to success, including challenges in their journeys Presents an opportunity to learn about the breadth and depth of the field of water quality Includes a history of women in water quality engineering as well as research in current issues such as urban water quality, biologically-active compounds, and biofilms

Download or read book Optimizing Application of Wastewater based Epidemiology for SARS CoV 2 at Various Scales of Operation written by Sooyeol Kim and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of wastewater-based epidemiology focused on SARS-CoV-2 and has proven to be a valuable supplement to clinical data. Many researchers have successfully detected and quantified SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of wastewater samples, leading now to the establishment of formalized wastewater monitoring programs not only for SARS-CoV-2 but for other pathogens relevant to human health as well. At present, however, there is no clear consensus on the best method for processing of wastewater samples or the many ways that detection and quantification can be optimized. Through a combination of data analysis, simulations, and a pilot study, this dissertation investigates different ways to optimize domestic wastewater surveillance at various scales. Chapter 2 analyzes data from multiple wastewater monitoring programs for comparison of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration from solid and liquid samples obtained from publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Chapter 3 investigates how digital droplet PCR sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 affects wastewater surveillance detection limits for COVID-19. Finally, Chapter 4 is a pilot study conducted at two K-12 schools in California to verify the usefulness of wastewater surveillance for smaller communities like schools where individuals only spend a portion of their time. Taken together, the contents of this dissertation will help public health officials in their development of wastewater-based surveillance methods to aid with assessment of community health for a comprehensive surveillance system tailored to local needs.

Download or read book End to end integration of SARS CoV 2 and influenza sentinel surveillance written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) has played an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic response. By leveraging the existing influenza surveillance systems to integrate SARS-CoV-2 testing in specimens collected from influenza surveillance sources, countries have been able to maintain influenza surveillance and establish a system for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 circulation in communities. This required the existing systems to undergo a variety of adaptations and adjustments, and countries have employed various strategies. This document is a collection of experiences and lessons learned from countries towards integrated influenza and SARS-CoV-2 sentinel surveillance.

Download or read book Variability in Normalization Methods of COVID 19 Wastewater Surveillance written by Ivy Bernadette Terry and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 provides an approach for assessing theinfection burden across a sewer service area. For these data to be useful for public health, measurement variability in relation to normalization methods need to be established. While the relationships between wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and COVID-19 incidence are now being reported widely in the literature, most studies are analyzed using a variety of different data normalization techniques leading to inconsistency and limited applicability when comparing data to other systems or studies.This work examines the variability and correlation of SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentration normalization methods to improve confidence in these data for public health surveillance. In this study, we focused on better defining variability in the wastewater measurements, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and the Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) to improve confidence in the interpretation of data and to provide evidence to support different study analysis options. This study found that the COD normalization method has the strongest correlation to our comparative normalization method of flow and population. TSS as a method also looked promising as a normalization method for wastewater surveillance with a moderate correlation. PMMoV had the lowest correlation. These results can help facilitate future wastewater surveillance method standardization by informing data analysis techniques utilized as well as illustrate variability between methods in general.

Download or read book Digital Contact Tracing for Pandemic Response written by Jeffrey P. Kahn and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nations race to hone contact-tracing efforts, the world's experts consider strategies for maximum transparency and impact. As public health professionals around the world work tirelessly to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is clear that traditional methods of contact tracing need to be augmented in order to help address a public health crisis of unprecedented scope. Innovators worldwide are racing to develop and implement novel public-facing technology solutions, including digital contact tracing technology. These technological products may aid public health surveillance and containment strategies for this pandemic and become part of the larger toolbox for future infectious outbreak prevention and control. As technology evolves in an effort to meet our current moment, Johns Hopkins Project on Ethics and Governance of Digital Contact Tracing Technologies—a rapid research and expert consensus group effort led by Dr. Jeffrey P. Kahn of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics in collaboration with the university's Center for Health Security—carried out an in-depth analysis of the technology and the issues it raises. Drawing on this analysis, they produced a report that includes detailed recommendations for technology companies, policymakers, institutions, employers, and the public. The project brings together perspectives from bioethics, health security, public health, technology development, engineering, public policy, and law to wrestle with the complex interactions of the many facets of the technology and its applications. This team of experts from Johns Hopkins University and other world-renowned institutions has crafted clear and detailed guidelines to help manage the creation, implementation, and application of digital contact tracing. Digital Contact Tracing for Pandemic Response is the essential resource for this fast-moving crisis. Contributors: Joseph Ali, JD; Anne Barnhill, PhD; Anita Cicero, JD; Katelyn Esmonde, PhD; Amelia Hood, MA; Brian Hutler, Phd, JD; Jeffrey P. Kahn, PhD, MPH; Alan Regenberg, MBE; Crystal Watson, DrPH, MPH; Matthew Watson; Robert Califf, MD, MACC; Ruth Faden, PhD, MPH; Divya Hosangadi, MSPH; Nancy Kass, ScD; Alain Labrique, PhD, MHS, MS; Deven McGraw, JD, MPH, LLM; Michelle Mello, JD, PhD; Michael Parker, BEd (Hons), MA, PhD; Stephen Ruckman, JD, MSc, MAR; Lainie Rutkow, JD, MPH, PhD; Josh Sharfstein, MD; Jeremy Sugarman, MD, MPH, MA; Eric Toner, MD; Mar Trotochaud, MSPH; Effy Vayena, PhD; Tal Zarsky, JSD, LLM, LLB

Download or read book Evidence Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When communities face complex public health emergencies, state local, tribal, and territorial public health agencies must make difficult decisions regarding how to effectively respond. The public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) system, with its multifaceted mission to prevent, protect against, quickly respond to, and recover from public health emergencies, is inherently complex and encompasses policies, organizations, and programs. Since the events of September 11, 2001, the United States has invested billions of dollars and immeasurable amounts of human capital to develop and enhance public health emergency preparedness and infrastructure to respond to a wide range of public health threats, including infectious diseases, natural disasters, and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Despite the investments in research and the growing body of empirical literature on a range of preparedness and response capabilities and functions, there has been no national-level, comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those utilized in medicine and other public health fields. Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response reviews the state of the evidence on PHEPR practices and the improvements necessary to move the field forward and to strengthen the PHEPR system. This publication evaluates PHEPR evidence to understand the balance of benefits and harms of PHEPR practices, with a focus on four main areas of PHEPR: engagement with and training of community-based partners to improve the outcomes of at-risk populations after public health emergencies; activation of a public health emergency operations center; communication of public health alerts and guidance to technical audiences during a public health emergency; and implementation of quarantine to reduce the spread of contagious illness.

Download or read book Social Monitoring for Public Health written by Michael J. Paul and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health thrives on high-quality evidence, yet acquiring meaningful data on a population remains a central challenge of public health research and practice. Social monitoring, the analysis of social media and other user-generated web data, has brought advances in the way we leverage population data to understand health. Social media offers advantages over traditional data sources, including real-time data availability, ease of access, and reduced cost. Social media allows us to ask, and answer, questions we never thought possible. This book presents an overview of the progress on uses of social monitoring to study public health over the past decade. We explain available data sources, common methods, and survey research on social monitoring in a wide range of public health areas. Our examples come from topics such as disease surveillance, behavioral medicine, and mental health, among others. We explore the limitations and concerns of these methods. Our survey of this exciting new field of data-driven research lays out future research directions.

Download or read book Public Health Surveillance for COVID 19 Interim Guidance written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book SARS CoV 2 Surveillance Employing Sewage written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban wastewater is a direct result of human activities in an urban environment and the occurrence and levels of microbiological, chemical and physical pollutants mirror this. The use of encoded information in treated and untreated wastewater is also the basis for quantitative risk management approaches in the management of the wastewater treatment process and the benchmarking of technologies used in this. The Global Sewage Initiative, the use of sewers for polio monitoring, but also the EU-wide snapshot exercises, the latter being organised by the JRC in support to the Water Acquis proof the systemic viability of this approach. In the current crisis, evidence is increasing that untreated wastewater is indeed also a good indicator of presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a population. The ability to detect the SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater is increasingly being reported independently by various research groups as a possible way to better quantify and understand its approximate overall presence in the population. Upon the first confirmation of the virus RNA appearing in stools of COVID-19 patients in China, research groups in the Netherlands, Australia, United States, France, Italy, Austria and elsewhere have successfully established a relationship between the virus's concentration in influents to wastewater treatment plant and the level of infection in the population in question. It could also be shown by this approach that the virus appeared in Northern Italy prior to the recognition of an actual pandemic. From this emerges that wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 eventually combined with the monitoring of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of COVID-19 is likely to be a valuable and efficient tool to monitor virus circulation in EU cities and towns and could serve as early warning for re-emergence in Europe and beyond, providing also specific data analytics on the monitoring.