Download or read book Environmental Measures for Malaria Control in Indonesia written by W. Takken and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Manual on Environmental Management for Mosquito Control written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Factors and an Eco epidemiological Model of Malaria in Indonesia written by Ermi M. L. Ndoen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia where malaria is a prominent public health concern with an estimated 15 million malaria cases annually and 42,000 deaths. The study explores the environmental risk factors of malaria guided by an eco epidemiological model of malaria transmission. A longitudinal and cross sectional approach has been employed for data gathering of the environmental variables, spatial and temporal patterns of malaria transmission, malaria vectors behaviour and human risk factors of malaria transmission in Indonesia. Three different regions in Indonesia were used for the study. The first area is West Timor which has the highest malaria incidence in Indonesia. The second location is Sukabumi District of West Java, which had a malaria outbreak in 2003. The final location is Kebumen District of Central Java, which has one of the highest malaria pocket areas in Java. All areas were divided into three different topographical settings coastal, hilly and highland areas. In each study areas, the environmental data were analysed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, and General Linear Model Repeated Measures. Further, LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association) analysis using GIS was employed to explore local malaria spatial distribution and generate malaria maps for the malaria transmission areas based on the local spatial association. Adult mosquito (Anopheles spp) surveys were used to explore malaria vectors behaviour in different areas and different topographical settings. Finally, an interview program was used to collect data in order to understand human risk factors in malaria transmission. Human risk factors data were calculated using {2 and logistic regression. The results show that 100% of West Timor's villages are in malaria endemic areas. Villages on the district boundary zones had more malaria than non-boundary villages. The number of rainy days had a significant positive correlation to malaria incidence. Humidity also had a significant positive correlation to malaria incidence. Altitude and maximum temperature had a significant negative correlation with malaria cases. In Sukabumi, West Java, altitude was not significantly correlated with malaria incidence. The risk of being infected with malaria was similar for respondents in coastal and highland areas. Rainfall, temperature, and wind speed were also not significantly correlated to malaria incidence in Sukabumi. In Kebumen, Central Java, rainfall patterns did not have a significant correlation with malaria incidence. Altitude, however, showed a significant correlation with malaria incidence, where more cases occurred at an altitude between 60 m and 200 m above sea level. Malaria incidence was higher in village than urban areas in all West Timor, West Java and Central Java. Number of very high-risk malaria villages was higher in dry than wet seasons in all areas. Eleven (11) Anopheles mosquito species were recorded during this study: An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. barbirostris, An. flavirostris, An. indefinitus, An. kochi, An. maculatus, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus, An. tesselatus, and An. vagus. Each species occupied different topographical settings and areas. The species behaved differently for host-seeking and resting. Anopheles species which were very active in host-finding at night included; An. aconitus, An. barbirostris, An. subpictus, and An. vagus. Anopheles species with high vectorial capacity were An. subpictus and An. barbirostris. This study found that occupation and outdoor activities were correlated with malaria incidence. Farmers and fishermen had a greater risk of being infected by malaria than those in other occupations. Overall, malaria incidence was higher in low socio-economic groups. However, Malaria incidence was not affected by education status: both low and highly educated groups had a similar malaria risk. In all the research areas, respondents who stayed outdoors at night and respondents who slept outside had a higher risk of being infected with malaria. This higher risk may be related to the mosquitoes habit of seeking hosts more outdoors. Getting access to health facilities is an important aspect of the treatment of diseases, including malaria. This study concludes that malaria is still a prominent public health problem in Indonesia, in which the level of incidence and transmission vary based on geography and topographical settings. Malaria transmission has local characteristics resulting from the combination of many variables. The eco-epidemiological approach is a useful method for gaining insights into malaria variables in order to improve the understanding of malaria transmission in Indonesia. This study recommends that more attention be paid to malaria incidence at lower altitudes. This study found mosquitoes were more active outdoors, thus indoor residual spraying (IRS) is not recommended for malaria control in some areas. However, in West Timor Anopheles species predominantly feed and rest indoors. Thus, using insecticide treated nets (ITN) is likely to be effective in this area. Improvement of living conditions and implementing of mosquito-proof house programs would reduce malaria risk. This study also recommends that the extension of health facilities and health care delivery using local resources such as village midwives and malaria village cadres would provide an accessible malaria service for the villagers. In addition, to have better and more sustained results, integrated malaria intervention is needed. This includes adequate malaria treatment, good malaria surveillance systems and adequate vector control programs. These programs should be based on local conditions such as local weather, human behaviour, topographical and ecological settings, and vector species and their specific ecologies. Geographic information systems such as LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association) can be used to predict malaria risk areas and should be incorporated into the malaria surveillance system.

Download or read book Saving Lives Buying Time written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Download or read book Malaria Control During Mass Population Movements and Natural Disasters written by Program on Forced Migration and Health at the Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-01-16 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Admittedly, the world and the nature of forced migration have changed a great deal over the last two decades. The relevance of data accumulated during that time period can now be called into question. The roundtable and the Program on Forced Migration at the Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University have commissioned a series of epidemiological reviews on priority public health problems for forced migrants that will update the state of knowledge. Malaria Control During Mass Population Movements and Natural Disasters- the first in the series, provides a basic overview of the state of knowledge of epidemiology of malaria and public health interventions and practices for controlling the disease in situations involving forced migration and conflict.

Download or read book Biological and Environmental Control of Disease Vectors written by Mary M. Cameron and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the theory and practice of non-insecticidal control of insect vectors of human disease, this book provides an overview of methods including the use of botanical biocides and insect-derived semiochemicals, with an overall focus on integrated vector management strategies. While the mainstay of malaria control programmes relies on pesticides, there is a resurgence in the research and utilisation of non-insecticidal control measures due to concerns over rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance, and long-term environmental impacts. This book provides examples of successful applications in the field and recommendations for future use.

Download or read book Ecology of Java Bali written by Anthony J. Whitten and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-05 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ecology of Java and Bali is a comprehensive ecological survey of two of the most ecologically diverse islands in the Pacific. It also contains the results of original research, interviews and personal experience. It will be useful to resource managers, ecologists and government planners, as well as to all others interested in the region. Java and Bali are the best known of all the islands in the Indonesian archipelago. Nowhere else in the country are ecological issues of such importance, and nowhere else is there a better chance of the major development problems being solved. This is because Java has the greatest concentration of development projects, the densest population, excellent human resources, and the interest of many of the most powerful decision makers. Bali, meanwhile, has the eyes of the world on it as an important tourist destination enjoyed by both domestic and foreign visitors.

Download or read book The Conquest of Malaria written by Frank M. Snowden and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the outset of the twentieth century, malaria was Italy’s major public health problem. It was the cause of low productivity, poverty, and economic backwardness, while it also stunted literacy, limited political participation, and undermined the army. In this book Frank Snowden recounts how Italy became the world center for the development of malariology as a medical discipline and launched the first national campaign to eradicate the disease. Snowden traces the early advances, the setbacks of world wars and Fascist dictatorship, and the final victory against malaria after World War II. He shows how the medical and teaching professions helped educate people in their own self-defense and in the process expanded trade unionism, women’s consciousness, and civil liberties. He also discusses the antimalarial effort under Mussolini’s regime and reveals the shocking details of the German army’s intentional release of malaria among Italian civilians—the first and only known example of bioterror in twentieth-century Europe. Comprehensive and enlightening, this history offers important lessons for today’s global malaria emergency.

Download or read book The Contextual Determinants of Malaria written by Elizabeth A. Casman and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As malaria and other tropical diseases continue their resurgence, questions about the potential impacts of environmental and demographic factors are becoming more critical. Recent attempts to understand the increase in malaria incidence often acknowledge the importance of social, economic and other contextual variables, but fail to explicitly incorporate them into models or consider how they evolve in relation to one another. This problem is of crucial interest to the climate policy community, which has been buffeted by claims and counter-claims concerning the impact of climate change on malaria. This important volume examines the contextual determinants of malaria and attempts to develop methods for incorporating them into projections of future incidence. Internationally renowned health specialists, economists, and other social scientists provide regional and global perspectives on risk modeling, the history of eradication efforts, current determinants (including environmental, social, and economic factors), and prospects for new vaccines and drugs. The Contextual Determinants of Malaria argues that an association of climate change with increased malaria incidence will have at least as much to do with human aging, poverty, urbanization, and population movement as with a rise in global temperatures. By placing climate in this perspective, The Contextual Determinants of Malaria focuses attention on the public health needs most critical in both the immediate and long-term future. It encourages multidisciplinary analysis of malaria control, and improves our understanding of the interactions of the diverse range of factors involved in the incidence and spread of the disease.

Download or read book Sanitation in Panama written by William Crawford Gorgas and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Challenges in South East Asia written by Victor T. King and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses environmental change, natural resource exploitation and the prospect for ecological sustainability in Southeast Asia. The contributors including sociologists, geographers, anthropologists, economists, political economists and historians, presents the findings of recent archival and field research mainly from ongoing programmes of team research based in European universities and institutes. Among the themes discussed are European and indigenous perceptions of the environment; historical processes of environmental change; the politics of resource use; ecotourism and development; deforestation and smallholding land-use strategies; migration and environmental degradation; disease environment and human geography; demography, sustainability and resource exploitation.

Download or read book CDC Yellow Book 2018 Health Information for International Travel written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.

Download or read book Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Download or read book Towards Malaria Elimination written by Sylvie Manguin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward was started to mark the occasion for renewed commitment to end malaria transmission for good (the WHO's call for "Malaria Free World" by 2030). This book is dedicated for the benefit of researchers, scientists, program and policy managers, students and anyone interested in malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases with the goal of sharing recent information on success stories, innovative control approaches and challenges in different regions of the world. Some main issues that emerged included multidrug-resistant malaria and pandemic risk, vaccines, cross-border malaria, asymptomatic parasite reservoir, the threat of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and outdoor malaria transmission. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, highlighting the constraints, challenges, accomplishments and prospects of malaria elimination.

Download or read book Malaria in irrigated agriculture Papers and abstracts for the SIMA Special Seminar at the ICID 18th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage Montreal 23 July 2002 written by Eline Boelee and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Special SIMA Seminar on Malaria in Irrigated Agriculture at the 18th ICID International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage was one of the activities aimed at increasing awareness in the agricultural community on the potential of environmental interventions to reduce malaria under Output 4 of SIMA. This document contains papers and abstracts submitted for this seminar in Montreal, Canada. The authors themselves are responsible for their contributions and it is hoped that the publication of these proceedings will stimulate discussions among participants of the seminar as well as in the wider SIMA Network. This seminar is organized by SIMA, the CGIAR Systemwide Initiative on Malaria and Agriculture, in collaboration with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). This and subsequent scientific seminars will gather experts on malaria and agriculture to contribute to the development of a comprehensive knowledge base on malaria and agriculture.

Download or read book Malaria Control and Elimination Program in the People s Republic of China written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1963, Advances in Parasitology contains comprehensive and up-to-date reviews in all areas of interest in contemporary parasitology. Advances in Parasitology includes medical studies of parasites of major influence, such as Plasmodium falciparum and trypanosomes. The series also contains reviews of more traditional areas, such as zoology, taxonomy, and life history, which shape current thinking and applications. The 2012 impact factor is 3.778. Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Contributions from leading authorities and industry experts