Download or read book Environmental Fiscal Reform and Unemployment written by Carlo Carraro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union faces several interlinked challenges: how to protect the environment and favour sustainability; how to reduce unemployment and foster competitiveness in a context of growing globalization; how to reduce regional disparities among and within me mb er countries. The recent policy debate has clarified that the above objectives are not a trade off if jointly tackled. In particular, win-win policy options are available to the European Union by an appropriate integration of regulation, macro policy, social policy, fiscal policy and environmental policy. Evidence shows that optimising on each single policy will not meet the needs of the European Union. On the contrary, an integrated approach will make it possible to reach the various objectives, as stated in the Treaty on European Union, in the 5th Environmental Action Programme, in the White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. This integrated approach would im plement a genuine sustainable development policy.
Download or read book Alleviating Unemployment written by Ronnie Schöb and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been argued recently that imposing taxes on pollution produces additional tax revenues, which can then be used to replace labor taxes and thus reap a double dividend in the form of improving environmental quality and alleviating unemployment. This paper analyzes the employment effects of revenue-neutral green tax reforms by focusing on the revenue recycling effect on employment. Our model contains three features which are important when looking at the employment effects of green tax reforms: 1) there is unemployment in equilibrium; 2) wages are determined endogenously; and 3) various institutional arrangements for taxing unemployment benefits, for the price-indexation of unemployment benefits and for personal tax allowances are considered. The employment effects of a revenue-neutral green tax reform are sensitive to institutional arrangements concerning taxation and indexation of unemployment benefits and personal tax allowances. A revenue-neutral green tax reform will boost employment if unemployment benefits are untaxed and nominally fixed. Employment actually falls if unemployment benefits are taxed and price indexed. When employment changes, the functional distribution of income also changes. Total private income, after-tax profits and after-tax labor income increase with employment, while transfer income decreases. If the polluting good is normal, a positive employment effect reduces the environmental dividend obtained from a revenue-neutral green tax reform.
Download or read book Environmental Tax Reform Economic Growth and Unemployment in an OLG Economy written by Tetsuo Ono and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops an overlapping-generations model characterized by endogenous growth, unemployment, and pollution. The paper focuses on the replacement ratio, which measures the proportion of after-tax work earnings replaced by unemployment benefits, and considers a replacement-ratio-neutral reform in which the environmental tax is devoted to cutting the employees' rate of contribution to unemployment insurance. Under this reform, (i) the growth rate is increased, the unemployment rate is unchanged, and pollution is decreased; (ii) there is a trade-off of nonenvironmental utility between current and future generations; and (iii) when the reform is associated with an intergenerational transfer from the young to the old, the nonenvironmental utility of every generation can be improved.
Download or read book Environmental Taxes and Fiscal Reform written by L. Castellucci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the literature on environmental taxes, focusing on European experiences, and analysing how such taxes can contribute to green causes as well as reducing the tax burden from "ordinary" taxation. The authors examine the potential 'double dividend' from tax reform for helping the environment, reducing unemployment and encouraging growth.
Download or read book Environmental Tax Reform and the Labour Market written by Kurt Kratena and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1990s and 2000s the issue of general welfare double dividend (an improvement in environmental quality combined with a positive welfare effect) triggered by a tax shift from labour to energy resources has been extensively debated. In this book, Kurt Kratena studies the employment effects of revenue neutral shifts from labour to energy, and measures the impact on theoretical and empirical models of the European labour market.
Download or read book Taxation Employment and Environment written by Commission of the European Communities and published by . This book was released on 1993* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Consequences of Environmental Tax Reform for Involuntary Unemployment and Welfare written by A. Lans Bovenberg and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Getting the Signals Right written by David Malin Roodman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Tax Reform with Irreversible Investment Technological Progress and Unemployment written by Christian M. Scholz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Tax Reform in a Small Open Economy with Structural Unemployment written by Bertil Holmlund and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper examines the effects of an environmental tax reform in a model of a small open economy with decentralized wage bargaining and monopolistically competitive firms. The economy includes a tradable sector as well as a non-tradable sector and features unemployment in general equilibrium. Firms in both sectors use labor and an imported polluting factor of production ("energy"). A tax on energy, recycled to reduce the payroll tax, will in general affect equilibrium unemployment in this economy. The effect works through a reallocation of employment from the tradable to the non-tradable sector. Total employment increases if workers in the tradable sector receive a wage premium relative to workers in the non-tradable sector. The sectoral relative wage is determined by the relative bargaining power of the unions and by parameters of preferences and technology. Parameterized versions of the model suggest that the tax reform has small effects on employment and that it typically reduces real GDP.
Download or read book Consequences of Environmental Tax Reform for Involuntary Unemployment and Welfare written by Ary Lans Bovenberg and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Pricing Growth and the Environment written by Lawrence A. Kreiser and published by Edward Elgar Pub. This book was released on 2012 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Environmental taxation and emissions trading continue to be high on the public policy agenda in many countries, and this is another welcome and very interesting volume in the Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation series that presents new ideas and evidence on these subjects from a wide range of countries and a variety of perspectives.' - Paul Ekins, University College London, UK
Download or read book Pollution Factor Taxation and Unemployment written by Erkki Koskela and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When consumers choose between clean and dirty goods and the labor market clears, a green tax reform may not bring about a double dividend in the sense of increasing environmental quality and increasing employment. However, when firms choose between clean and dirty factors of production, and when there is unemployment, such a result is very likely to occur. The paper investigates a model of a monopolistic firm where labor and energy are factors of production and trade unions negotiate the wage rate, accepting some unemployment as a result of aggressive wage demands. It is shown that, in such a framework, a green tax reform will boost employment provided it does not increase the net-of-tax wage rate by too much. This is the case when the elasticity of substitution between labor and energy is greater than one, equal to one or not too far below one.
Download or read book Environmental Taxation and Unemployment written by Marzio Galeotti and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The employment 'double dividend hypothesis' suggests that an appropriately designed fiscal reform, in which emission charges are used to subsidize employers' social security contributions, may realize (at least) two relevant policy goals: a better quality of the environment and, at the same time, an increase in employment levels. This paper uses a newly developed econometric general equilibrium model for the European Union as well as for each member country and presents simulation results up to the year 2010 of the effects of a European carbon tax the revenues from which are recycled to reduce employers' social security contributions. The results show that recycling carbon tax revenues may provide an 'employment double dividend' only in the short run.
Download or read book Fiscal Policies for Development and Climate Action written by Miria A. Pigato and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
Download or read book Behavioral and Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy written by Carlo Carraro and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-02-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements. Shedding light on an extraordinarily complex and important topic, this collection will be of interest to all those involved in designing effective environmental policy.
Download or read book Tax Reform Structural Unemployment and the Environment written by Ary Lans Bovenberg and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
