Download or read book Environmental Constraints Upon Locomotion and Predator prey Interactions in Aquatic Organisms written by Paolo Domenici and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predators and prey in fishes written by David L.G. Noakes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential consequences of a predator-prey predators tend to do that increase or maximize prey interaction are probably more serious, especially capture and that prey tend to do to avoid being for the prey, than are the consequences of most captured? The second theme emphasized the eco competitive or parasite-host interactions. For this logical approach to predator-prey interactions. reason, the adaptations and tactics that prey show What are the environmental constraints that in to the foraging manoeuvers of their predators, and fluence the evolution of structures and behaviors the counteradaptations of their predators, are often involved in predation and its avoidance? How do pronounced and even spectacular. Predation may in these factors combine to produce particular ,fssem fact be a critical determinant of both the behavior blages of predators and prey with common adapta of individuals and of the functional and taxonomic tions? The 18 papers presented at the symposium, composition of fish assemblages. This possibility and the ones published in these proceedings, re was a major factor leading to the organization of present the varied approaches that researchers have the Behavioral Tactics symposium. The obvious taken in addressing these questions. necessity of feeding, the wealth of information Several topics were common to many presenta available on food and energy budgets of animals tions: four of these in particular deserve at least both in the laboratory and field, and the approach brief mention.
Download or read book Fish Locomotion written by Paolo Domenici and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish accomplish most of their basic behaviors by swimming. Swimming is fundamental in a vast majority of fish species for avoiding predation, feeding, finding food, mating, migrating and finding optimal physical environments. Fish exhibit a wide variety of swimming patterns and behaviors. This treatise looks at fish swimming from the behavioral and
Download or read book Fish Locomotion written by Paolo Domenici and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish accomplish most of their basic behaviors by swimming. Swimming is fundamental in a vast majority of fish species for avoiding predation, feeding, finding food, mating, migrating and finding optimal physical environments. Fish exhibit a wide variety of swimming patterns and behaviors. This treatise looks at fish swimming from the behavioral and
Download or read book From an Antagonistic to a Synergistic Predator Prey Perspective written by Tore Johannessen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From an Antagonistic to a Synergistic Predator Prey Perspective: Bifurcations in Marine Ecosystems is a groundbreaking reference that challenges the widespread perception that predators generally have a negative impact on the abundance of their prey, and it proposes a novel paradigm — Predator-prey Synergism — in which both predator and prey enhance abundance by their co-existence. Using this model, the text explains a number of issues that appear paradoxical in the case of a negative predator-prey relationship, including observed ecosystem bifurcations (regime shifts), ecosystem resilience, red tides in apparently nutrient depleted water, and the dominance of grazed phytoplankton over non-grazed species under high grazing pressure. This novel paradigm can also be used to predict the potential impact of global warming on marine ecosystems, identify how marine ecosystem may respond to gradual environmental changes, and develop possible measures to mitigate the negative impact of increasing temperature in marine ecosystems. This book approaches the long-standing question of what generates recruitment variability in marine fishes and invertebrates in an engaging and unique way that students and researchers in marine ecosystems will understand. Introduces a new paradigm, Predator-prey Synergism, as a building block on which to construct new ecological theories. It suggests that Predator-prey Synergism is important in some terrestrial ecosystems and is in agreement with the punctuated equilibria theory of evolution (i.e., stepwise evolution). Suggests a general solution to the recruitment puzzle in marine organisms Proposes a holistic hypothesis for marine spring blooming ecosystems by considering variability enhancing and variability dampening processes Asserts that fisheries will induce variability in marine ecosystems and alter the energy flow patterns in predictable ways
Download or read book Predation written by W. Charles Kerfoot and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-four essays from a symposium sponsored by the Ecological Society of America, Fort Collins, CO, 1984. The focus is on a single theme: that the mere presence of a predator can influence interactions between two or more competing species in many important ways, all of which have previously been included under the nebulous term effects. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Aquatic Predators and their Prey written by Simon Greenstreet and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1996-04-18 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In three major sections, Aquatic Predators and Their Prey examines the behaviour, ecology and management of predators and their prey in both seawater and fresh water, paying particular attention to the main predators:seals, cetaceans, birds, fish and man. The text details not only the methods employed by predators to capture their prey, but also the strategies they have developed to evade capture. Additionally examined are the role of predators in governing the population dynamics of prey species and in determining the structure of ecosystems. Finally, the impact of man, both as harvester and manager of aquatic ecosystems, is also evaluated in considerable detail. Brings together the management of aquatic ecosystems with various aspects of predator/prey interactions. Promotes greater understanding of the role of predator/prey interactions in the function of aquatic ecosystems. Will aid the development of "whole system" management protocols.
Download or read book Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Copper Pollutants and Environmental Factors on Predator prey Interactions in Marine Food Chains written by Christopher Kent Kwan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predators scare and eat prey, and the consequences of predators on community structure and ecosystem function depend largely on the relative importance of these two activities. An increasing trend in recent ecological research is a focus on fear, the predator non-consumptive effects on prey. A single predator may scare off many more prey than it can eat, especially if many prey individuals can detect it from far away. Predator non-consumptive effects often alter prey physiology, behavior, and morphology. These effects may translate into changes in community structure and ecosystem function. Although there is an emerging appreciation for the context-dependency of these interactions, we lack an understanding about how these interactions change with increasing anthropogenic stress--particularly chemical pollution. The prevalence of chemical pollution in coastal habitats combined with its potential to disrupt predator-prey interactions suggest that we must better understand how these stressors impact species interactions and in turn, ecosystem function. The consequences of sublethal pollutant levels on a single species may manifest themselves throughout the community. I addressed these issues by conducting laboratory and field experiments studying the impacts of sub-lethal copper levels and environmental factors on the species interactions in marine food chains. In Chapter 1, I tested the influence of chemical pollutants on predator-prey interactions because recent evidence suggests that pollutants may shift the role of consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators. However, this hypothesis has not been tested directly by comparing predator consumptive and non-consumptive effects in polluted versus non-polluted settings. I used laboratory mesocosms to examine the influence of elevated copper pollution on the effects of crab predators in an estuarine food chain with intermediate whelk prey and basal barnacle resources. I examined predator consumptive effects (prey culled without predator chemical cues), non-consumptive effects (prey not culled and received predator chemical cues), and total effects (prey culled and received predator chemical cues). Although copper switched the relative importance of these effect types, the nature of this switch contrasted with our original prediction. Rather than decreasing whelk response to predator cues, copper compromised whelk responses to changes in conspecific density caused by simulated lethal predation. Specifically, reductions in conspecific density occurring in elevated copper levels did not trigger the normal increase in whelk consumption rates. Because intermediate copper concentrations did not change the effects of fear, these data suggest that copper decreased the relative importance of predator consumptive effects. However, this shift was not apparent at extremely high copper levels where non-consumptive effects also diminished. Given the prevalence of conspecific interactions among prey, disruption of these interactions at sublethal pollution levels may commonly influence predator impacts on their communities. In Chapter 2, I examined the extent to which pollutant effects are generalizable across food chains, since the increase of these anthropogenic stressors poses immense threats to the marine environment. Recent work indicates sublethal pollutant levels change organism behavior and species interactions. However, we have limited understanding of these pollutant impacts in terms of how long these effects last and whether different organisms are affected in similar ways. To address these gaps, I studied copper pollutant effects on the species interactions of two different marine food chains for extended durations. Both food chains consisted of predatory crabs, whelks, and barnacles. I examined the long-term impact of copper pollution on crab non-consumptive effects on whelk consumption of barnacles. For both food chains, in the absence of copper, crab cues induced predator avoidance behaviors in whelks and reduced their consumption on barnacles. In the food chain consisting of whelks from the open coast with lower exposure to pollutants, there were no effects of copper on whelks. For the food chain consisting of whelks from enclosed estuaries with greater exposure to pollutants, copper influenced whelk responses to crabs initially by increasing whelk consumption during exposure to crab cues. But this antagonistic effect between copper and crab cues on whelks attenuated after two weeks. My results show chemical contaminants may impact food chains differently, perhaps due to the evolutionary history of the component species, or their prior exposure to pollutants. In Chapter 3, I investigated the context-dependency of predator non-consumptive effects in the field, in light of the growing awareness that species interactions can be highly dependent on the environmental conditions in which they occur. The strength and direction of these interactions are often impacted by abiotic factors and human-caused stressors. However, there have been few studies conducted in the field to examine the influence of these variables on predator non-consumptive effects on prey. I conducted two field experiments investigating whether environmental conditions influence the strength of predator-non-consumptive effects in two different food chains. I tested the influence of ambient conditions on the non-consumptive effects of predatory crabs on whelk prey, which in turn feed on a basal resource of barnacles. I conducted a field experiment in San Francisco Bay to investigate whether differences in abiotic factors and pollutant levels among three sites would influence predator non-consumptive effects of crabs on their invasive whelk prey which feeds on barnacles. My data suggest the strength of predator non-consumptive effects varied among San Francisco Bay sites. Specifically, crab cues reduced whelk consumption of barnacles at two sites but did not have an effect at a third site. I found slightly warmer water at this one site, which may have weakened the predation risk caused by crab cues. Although whelks at this warmer site consumed more barnacles, they had a low growth efficiency that may be due to the higher metabolic demands of coping with warmer temperatures and relatively high pollution at this site. In another field experiment, I quantified the effects of predatory crab cues on whelk predation and growth rates at two sites in Bodega Harbor, CA. I found vastly different results between both Bodega Harbor sites. Namely, the presence of crabs lowered whelk consumption rates of barnacles at one site, but had no effect at the other site. Collectively, the results from all of our laboratory and field studies underscore the notion that predator-prey interactions are often context-dependent, and may especially be influenced by a highly variable, human-impacted environment. Understanding the relative effects of consumptive effects and non-consumptive effects in structuring ecological communities improves our abilities to predict and manage changes to species distributions in the face of anthropogenic stressors such as climate change, overfishing, species invasions, habitat alterations, and pollution. More specifically, a better understanding of how organisms affect each other and how those relationships are altered by a changing environment is critical in preparing and implementing conservation measures.
Download or read book New perspectives and emerging directions in predator prey functional response research Hommage to C S Holling 1930 2019 written by Thomas John Hossie and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Swimming Physiology of Fish written by Arjan P. Palstra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of mounting fishing pressures, increased aquaculture production and a growing concern for fish well-being, improved knowledge on the swimming physiology of fish and its application to fisheries science and aquaculture is needed. This book presents recent investigations into some of the most extreme examples of swimming migrations in salmons, eels and tunas, integrating knowledge on their performance in the laboratory with that in their natural environment. For the first time, the application of swimming in aquaculture is explored by assessing the potential impacts and beneficial effects. The modified nutritional requirements of “athletic” fish are reviewed as well as the effects of exercise on muscle composition and meat quality using state-of-the-art techniques in genomics and proteomics. The last chapters introduce zebrafish as a novel exercise model and present the latest technologies for studying fish swimming and aquaculture applications.
Download or read book Modelling Natural Action Selection written by Tony J. Prescott and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intelligent Robotics and Applications written by Xin-Jun Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 4-volume set LNAI 13013 – 13016 constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications, ICIRA 2021, which took place in Yantai, China, during October 22-25, 2021. The 299 papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 386 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Robotics dexterous manipulation; sensors, actuators, and controllers for soft and hybrid robots; cable-driven parallel robot; human-centered wearable robotics; hybrid system modeling and human-machine interface; robot manipulation skills learning; micro_nano materials, devices, and systems for biomedical applications; actuating, sensing, control, and instrumentation for ultra-precision engineering; human-robot collaboration; robotic machining; medical robot; machine intelligence for human motion analytics; human-robot interaction for service robots; novel mechanisms, robots and applications; space robot and on-orbit service; neural learning enhanced motion planning and control for human robot interaction; medical engineering.
Download or read book Climate Change and Non infectious Fish Disorders written by Patrick T.K. Woo and published by CABI. This book was released on 2019-12-21 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important new text on climate change, and its effects on selected non-infectious disorders of fish, contains contributions by internationally recognized experts who have contributed significantly to our knowledge in this area. Comprehensive and thought provoking, the text details abiotic and biotic environmental changes associated with climate change and their effects on fish in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. It proceeds to cover in detail developmental, physiological and metabolic disorders of fish.
Download or read book Environmental Dependence of Non consumptive Effects in Predator prey Interactions written by Katrina A. Button and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predation in Organisms written by Ashraf M.T. Elewa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-10 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predation is considered one of the distinct phenomena related to the interrelationships between species on the Earth. In general, predation is widespread not only in wildlife but also in marine environments where big fishes eat small fishes and other organisms of the sea. This book considers predation in organisms and is aimed at the prevention of predation in wildlife and marine environments.
Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth
