Download or read book Enhancement of Methane Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge written by United States. Department of Energy. Energy from Municipal Waste Division and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge to Methane written by Steven J. Hitte and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biogas Production written by Ackmez Mudhoo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogas Production covers the most cutting-edge pretreatment processes being used and studied today for the production of biogas. As an increasingly important piece of the "energy pie," biogas and other biofuels are being used more and more around the world in every conceivable area of industry and could be a partial answer to the energy problem and the elimination of global warming. This book will highlight the recent advances in the pretreatment and value addition of lignocellulosic wastes (LCW) with the main focus on domestic and agro-industrial residues. Mechanical, physical, and biological treatment systems are brought into perspective. The main value-added products from lignocellulosic wastes are summarized in a manner that pinpoints the most recent trends and the future directions. Physico-chemical and biological treatment systems seem to be the most favored options while biofuels, biodegradable composites, and biosorbents production paint a bright picture of the current and future bio-based products. Engineered microbes seem to tackle the problem of bioconversion of substrates that are otherwise nonconvertible by conventional wild strains. Although the main challenge facing LCW utilization is the high costs involved in treatment and production processes, some recent affordable processes with promising results have been proposed. Future trends are being directed to nanobiotechnology and genetic engineering for improved processes and products.

Download or read book Enhancement of Methane Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludges written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of powdered activated carbon on stressed anaerobic digesters utilizing a sewage sludge substrate was evaluated. The addition of carbon resulted in increased methanee production and greater process stability. The degree of enhancement appeared to be proportional to carbon concentration over the dose range studied (500-10,000 mg/l). A maximum increase in methane production of about 150% was observed at the highest carbon dose. The effect of 1500 mg/l carbon, 4000 mg/l coal, and 4000 mg/l flyash on relatively unstressed digesters was also examined. Units using a sewage sludge substrate were operated at 10 and 20 day SRT's. A 12% increase in methane production was observed in a carbon dosed digester functioning at a 10 day detention time. Enhancement was not evident with carbon at a 20 day SRT. No significant improvement in methane production was obtained in any of the digesters using coal or flyash as additives. Using the experimental data, a technique was developed for estimating the efficiencies of the methane forming and acid forming steps in the anaerobic digestion process. The results indicated that in stressed systems both stages of the digestion process were enhanced by the addition of powdered carbon. In the relatively unstressed systems, when enhancement did occur, only the scid forming step was affected. This information will supplement current research at determining the mechanism(s) by which carbon enhances the digestion process. Based on the results of this study, it appears that the benefits of carbon addition are greatest in stressed systems. Only very moderate increases in methane production would probably be attainable in well operating digesters. Coal and flyash do not seem to be effective in enhancing gas production in unstressed systems. However, their effectiveness has not been tested in stressed situations.

Download or read book Enhanced Biogas Production Through the Optimization of the Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge written by Ryan Grant Beam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge has long been used for solids reduction by wastewater treatment facilities, but has gained recognition as a form of energy production. Biogas is formed as a byproduct of anaerobic digestion and is composed mostly of methane and carbon dioxide with other trace elements. The focus of this thesis is the enhancement of biogas production through the optimization of the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Batch experiments showed that digest pH is indicative of the current stage of digestion. This will provide wastewater treatment facilities with a way to monitor digester activity, as each stage of digestion was identified through constant pH monitoring. The digestion process was optimized through various parametric studies designed to determine the effect of each parameter and find an optimal range for operation. The optimum range for pH was 7.0-7.5. Testing of temperature showed that the mesophilic range (30-40°C) provided the highest, most constant gas production. Alkalinity adjustment with magnesium hydroxide increased both pH and alkalinity. Biogas production was highest in samples with alkalinity ranging from 2,000-2,500 mg/L as CaCO_3 . Volatile fatty acid (VFA) adjustment with sodium propionate increased both alkalinity and VFA content within the digest. High levels of VFA caused digestion to struggle while small adjustments showed an increase in production. Pressure measurement showed that an increase in pressure during digestion improved both the quality and quantity of produced biogas. Semi-continuous experimentation showed consistent biogas production. However, high VFA content resulted in poor gas quality. Digester energy balances completed at the Hilliard-Fletcher Wastewater Treatment Plant showed that 1,705 m^3/day biogas are required for daily operation (basis: 60:40 ratio CH_4 :CO_2). Parametric tests showed the ability to provide up to 1,944 m^3/day at a methane content of 80%. Increasing the methane content from 60 to 80% increases the heating value of the gas by one-third, requiring less gas for daily operation. This allows for better energy efficiency. All gas volumes are reported at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 35°C. Future work will focus on the effect of pressure to identify the extent with which it affects digestion.

Download or read book Biogas Science and Technology written by Georg Gübitz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Lebuhn, Stefan Weiß, Bernhard Munk, Georg M. Guebitz Microbiology and Molecular Biology Tools for Biogas Process Analysis, Diagnosis and Control Veronika Dollhofer, Sabine Marie Podmirseg, Tony Martin Callaghan, Gareth Wyn Griffith & Katerina Fliegerová Anaerobic Fungi and their Potential for Biogas Production Bianca Fröschle, Monika Heiermann, Michael Lebuhn, Ute Messelhäusser, Matthias Plöchl Hygiene and Sanitation in Biogas Plants Charles-David Dubé and Serge R. Guiot Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer in Anaerobic Digestion: A Review Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann A Critical Assessment of Microbiological Biogas to Biomethane Upgrading Systems Manfred Lübken, Pascal Kosse, Konrad Koch, Tito Gehring, Marc Wichern Influent Fractionation for Modeling Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Processes Fermoso, F. G, van Hullebusch, E. D, Guibaud, G, Collins, G, Svensson, B. H, Carliell-Marquet, C, Vink, J.P.M, Esposito, G, Frunzo, L Fate of Trace Metals in Anaerobic Digestion

Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.

Download or read book Two phase Anaerobic Digestion for Enhanced Stabilization and Methanation of Sewage Sludge written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Selected Commercial and Industrial Organic Wastes written by Vahid Razaviarani and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this research was to investigate the anaerobic co-digestion of municipal sewage sludge with selected organic wastes in three main areas: (1) to determine the maximum feasible loading of co-substrate, (2) to calibrate the ADM1 model for co-digestion system at steady state, and (3) to evaluate the linkage between microbial community dynamics and reactor performance and stability during steady state and overloading co-digestion. In this study, restaurant grease waste (GTW) as a commercial waste and biodiesel glycerin waste (BGW) as an industrial waste were co-digested with municipal wastewater sludge (MWS) in separate trials. In the first part of this research, the maximum feasible loading of each of the organic wastes with MWS with respect to the reactor performance and stability were investigated in the separate pilot-scale experiments. In each run, two 1300L completely mixed reactors were operated under mesophilic temperature (37°C) and a solids retention time (SRT) of 20 days. Throughout the pilot experiment, one reactor served as control and received only MWS and the other was assigned as the test digester and fed with the mixture of MWS and the co-substrate (GTW or BGW) in various organic loadings. GTW co-digestion with MWS was found to be feasible up to a maximum loading of 23% VS or 58% COD relative to the total 1.6 kg VS/m3-d or 4.0 kg COD/m3-d loadings, respectively. At this loading, test digester biogas production was 67% greater than that of the control. The test digester biogas production declined markedly when the percentage of VS from GTW in its feed was increased to 30% of its total VS loading. Causes of the reduced biogas production were investigated and attributed to process inhibition due to long chain fatty acid accumulation. The maximum safe limit of BGW co-digested with MWS was found at 23% and 35% of the total 1.04 kg VS/ (m3-d) and 2.38 kg COD/ (m3-d) loadings, respectively. At this loading, the biogas and methane production rates in the test digester were 1.65 and 1.83 times greater than of those in the control digester which received only MWS, respectively. Process instability was observed when the proportion of BGW in the test digester feed was 31% and 46% of the 1.18 kg VS/ (m3-d) and 2.88 kg COD/ (m3-d) loadings, respectively. In the second part of the research, the ADM1 model was calibrated for co-digestion of MWS and GTW at steady state using anaerobic respirometric test with substrate characterizations. Initial biomass concentrations and distributions were estimated using methane production rate curves together with effluent values from full-scale anaerobic digesters. Two separate datasets obtained from steady state mesophilic bench-scale experiments were used to calibrate and validate the model. The modified model was able to predict reasonably well the steady-state results of biogas production, CH4 and CO2 contents, pH, alkalinity, COD and VSS observed within the evaluated GTW loading. The calibrated model predicted well the bench and pilot scale co-digesters performance. The last part of the study was to investigate the relationships between microbial population (bacteria and archaea) dynamics and reactor performance and stability during the co-digestion of MWS with GTW or BGW in two separate trails. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Methanosaeta and Methanomicrobium were the dominant acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen genera, respectively, during stable reactor operation. The roles of syntrophic bacteria such as Candidatus Cloacamonas-- and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were found to be substantial at overloading conditions in both experiments.

Download or read book The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-19 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical degradation process that converts complex organic material, such as animal manure, into methane and other byproducts. Part of the author's Wastewater Microbiology series, Microbiology of Anareboic Digesters eschews technical jargon to deliver a practical, how-to guide for wastewater plant operators.

Download or read book Microbial Electrochemical Technologies written by Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the most updated and recent account of research and implementation of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) from pioneers and experienced researchers in the field who have been working on the interface between electrochemistry and microbiology/biotechnology for many years. It provides a holistic view of the METs, detailing the functional mechanisms, operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction process and integration strategies. The book not only provides historical perspectives of the technology and its evolution over the years but also the most recent examples of up-scaling and near future commercialization, making it a must-read for researchers, students, industry practitioners and science enthusiasts. Key Features: Introduces novel technologies that can impact the future infrastructure at the water-energy nexus. Outlines methodologies development and application of microbial electrochemical technologies and details out the illustrations of microbial and electrochemical concepts. Reviews applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches. Discusses techniques such as molecular biology and mathematical modeling; the future development of this promising technology; and the role of the system components for the implementation of bioelectrochemical technologies for practical utility. Explores key challenges for implementing these systems and compares them to similar renewable energy technologies, including their efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.

Download or read book Using Anaerobic Co digestion with Addition of Municipal Organic Wastes and Pre treatment to Enhance Biogas Production from Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge written by Chenxi Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this project, by adding selected co-substrates and by incorporating optimum pre-treatment strategies, four experimental phases were conducted to assess the enhancement of biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion using wastewater treatment plant sludge as the primary substrate. In the first phase, the feasibility of using municipal organic wastes (synthetic kitchen waste (KW) and fat, oil and grease (FOG)) as co-substrates in anaerobic co-digestion was investigated. KW and FOG positively affected biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion, with ideal estimated substrate/inoculum (S/I) ratio ranges of 0.80-1.26 and 0.25-0.75, respectively. Combined linear and non-linear regression models were employed to represent the entire digestion process and demonstrated that FOG could be suggested as the preferred co-substrate. The effects of ultrasonic and thermo-chemical pre-treatments on the biogas production of anaerobic co-digestion with KW or FOG were investigated in the second phase. Non-linear regressions fitted to the data indicated that thermo-chemical pre-treatment could increase methane production yields from both FOG and KW co-digestion. Thermo-chemical pre-treatments of pH=10, 55°C provided the best conditions to increase methane production from FOG co-digestions. In the third phase, using the results obtained previously, anaerobic co-digestions with FOG were tested in bench-scale semi-continuous flow digesters at Ravensview Water Pollution Control Plant, Kingston, ON. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR) and digestion temperature (37°C and 55°C) on biogas production were evaluated. The best biogas production rate of 17.4±0.86 L/d and methane content 67.9±1.46% was obtained with thermophilic (55°C) co-digestion at HRT=24 days and OLR=2.43±0.15 g TVS/L·d. In the fourth phase, with the suitable co-substrate, optimum pre-treatment method and operational parameters identified from the previous phases, anaerobic co-digestions with FOG were investigated in a two-stage thermophilic semi-continuous flow co-digestion system modified to incorporate thermo-chemical pre-treatment of pH=10 at 55°C. Overall, the modified two-stage co-digestion system yielded a 25.14±2.14 L/d (with 70.2±1.4% CH4) biogas production, which was higher than that obtained in the two-stage system without pre-treatment. The positive results could provide valuable information and original contribution to justify full-scale investigation in a continuing research program and to the field of research on anaerobic co-digestion of municipal organic wastes.

Download or read book Enhancement of Methane Production from the Anaerobic Digestion of Chemical Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents written by Lourdes Rodriguez-Chiang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability of resources such as energy, water and waste have become important drivers in our current economy. For large industries that are water and energy intensive like pulp and paper (P&P) mills, this is a specifically relevant issue. The large and heterogenous volumes of effluents in P&P mills make it a difficult task to properly treat before discharge. Anaerobic digestion is an efficient wastewater technology that cleans the effluent, reduces wasted sludge and simultaneously produces methane that can be further used as energy. The research work described in this thesis aims to enhance the methane production from the anaerobic digestion of different chemical P&P mill effluents. Through effluent characterization, variability of process parameters, promoting agents and the assessment of biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests, the benefits of three potential methods to enhance methane yields of wastewaters were evaluated. In addition, the conversion of chemical pulp fibers directly to methane was explored. The attained results described the different improvements that can be made to enhance methane production.Easily degradable effluents such as hydrolyzed filtrates and evaporator condensates contain high concentrations of sugars and acetic acid respectively, which could encourage an oversaturation of acids during acidogenesis. An inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR) of 2 proved to be the optimal in order to add the required buffering capacity to neutralize the pH and produce significantly high methane yields of up to 333 mLCH4/gVS. The high productivity of these effluents can be then considered for co-digestion with harder to treat effluents such as lignin-rich streams. Lignin clearly hinders methane production indicated by the negative linear correlation found between lignin content and methane yield. The co-digestion of lignin-rich effluent with evaporator condensates from neutral sulfite semi-chemical (NSSC) pulping proved to enhance the overall methane productivity of the milĺs wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the assessment of hydrotalcites (HT) addition indicated a contribution towards an increase in methane yield, faster production rates and a greater lignin removal. The poor performance of calcined HT suggests that the advantages of HT addition came from the layered sheet structure. Finally, besides establishing the methane potential in various P&P effluents, the examination of methane productivity of different pulp fibers and its products proved to be a promising new energy alternative to explore. Brown, oxygen delignified and bleached pulp gathered biodegradabilities of up to 90% and methane yields as high as 380 mLCH4/gVS. With the current changing bio-economy this last approach paves the way in exploring alternative and novel uses for chemical pulp mill products.

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Process Stability and the Extension of the ADM1 for Municipal Sludge Co Digested with Bakery Waste written by Morris Elya Demitry and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainty about anaerobic digestion process stability is the main issue preventing more widespread use of the process as a source of energy recovery in wastewater treatment facilities. The overall objective of this research was to study the feasibility of enhancing biogas production inside wastewater facilities using co-digestion of municipal sludge with bakery waste. Another objective was to improve the stability index and a mathematical model that can be useful tools to predict the process stability of municipal sludge digestion alone, and when it is mixed with bakery waste, as a substrate for microorganisms. Experiments were conducted in three phases. In phase 1, a full-scale anaerobic digester at Central Weber Sewer Improvement District, Ogden, UT, receiving a mixture of primary and secondary sludge, was monitored for one hundred days. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), and volatile solids (VS) mass balances were conducted to evaluate the stability of the digester and its capability of producing methane gas. The COD mass balance accounted for nearly 90% of the methane gas produced while the VS mass balance showed that 91% of the organic matter removed resulted in biogas formation. Other parameters monitored included: pH, alkalinity, VFA, and propionic acid. The values of these parameters showed that the digester was running under stable steady state conditions. At mesophilic temperature, the stability index was determined and equal to 0.40 L (CH4)/ g(Î4VS) In phase 2, the feasibility of adding BW to MS was tested in batch reactors scale. The biogas production was enhanced and the digester was stable until the range of 37- 40% of BW to 63-60% of MS. The ADM1 coefficients were modified to accurately predict the digester performance. The modified model outputs (pH, VFA, and methane) were within acceptable ranges when compared with the observed data from the batch reactors. In phase 3, the feasibility of MS and BW were tested using an Induced Bed Reactor (IBR) with a 50:50% ratio of MS:BW (COD basis). The process was stable during different hydraulic retention times and the ADM1 was modified to predict the stability of the process in the IBR.

Download or read book Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents written by Vinay Kumar Tyagi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for organic waste treatment mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of residual solids coupled with the prospect of energy recovery from the biogas generated. However, the anaerobic process cannot be seen as providing the ‘complete’ solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental legislations and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. This book discusses anaerobic treatment from the perspective of organic wastes and wastewaters (municipal and industrial) followed by various post-treatment options for anaerobic effluent polishing and resource recovery. Coverage will also be from the perspective of future trends and thoughts on anaerobic technologies being able to support meeting the increasingly stringent disposal standards. The resource recovery angle is particularly interesting as this can arguably help achieve the circular economy. It is intended the information can be used to identify appropriate solutions for anaerobic effluent treatment and possible alternative approaches to the commonly applied post-treatment techniques. The succeeding discussion is intended to lead on to identification of opportunities for further research and development. This book can be used as a standard reference book and textbook in universities for Master and Doctoral students. The academic community relevant to the subject, namely faculty, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers, will find the book both informative and as a useful source of successful case studies.

Download or read book Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Paola Foladori and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants is a review of the sludge reduction techniques integrated in wastewater treatment plants with detailed chapters on the most promising and most widespread techniques. The aim of the book is to update the international community on the current status of knowledge and techniques in the field of sludge reduction. It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the following issues in sludge reduction: principles of sludge reduction techniques; process configurations; potential performance; advantages and drawbacks; economics and energy consumption. This book will be essential reading for managers and technical staff of wastewater treatment plants as well as graduate students and post-graduate specialists.

Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Sludge and Restaurant Grease written by Zengkai Liu and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-30 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic codigestion of municipal wastewater sludge and restaurant grease was investigated in a semi-continuous lab-scale digestion experiment under mesophilic condition (37 C). Compared to the control digester, COD loading rate for test digester was elevated to 387% (organic loading rate 4.235 kgVS/m3/d) and led to 467% increase in daily biogas production, 25.2% increase in methane yield (based on VS deduction), 29.8% increase in COD reduction rate and 27.2% increase in VS reduction rate, respectively. Methane content ranged from 62% to 67%. There was no negative effect of grease addition on the digester performance in this experiment. The great increases in biogas production and methane yield indicated enhanced digestion performance. In addition, partial alkalinity and pH proved to be good indicators to monitor digestion process and predict overloading. It is still possible to keep increasing organic loading by the addition of more grease, but according to monitoring results, the system was close to overloading.