Download or read book Enhanced Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Surfactants and a Dioxygenase Enzyme Complex written by Bernard F. Gibbs and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a worldwide initiative to remove polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the environment because of their potential hazard. Animal experiments have shown they can produce liver damage, developmental defects and even cancer. Thirty per cent of the 310,000 tons of PCBs that have been produced globally are now considered as persistent toxicants in the environment. To date, only 4% have been successfully treated. Although a number of technologies are in existence for the treatment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), they do have several drawbacks including the production of toxic volatiles in incinerators and high cost associated with these procedures. On the other hand, successful bioremediation is relatively inexpensive, as shown for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) degradation, with the added advantages of being able to be carried out in situ . In this study, preliminary experiments demonstrated that certain surfactants enhance PCB degradation in aqueous solution in the presence of enzymes, in a concentration-dependent manner. These surfactants have not been previously reported as enhancers in PCB degradation. Conditions were optimized before experiments with soil samples were performed. A soil sample (free of PCBs) was spiked with varying amounts of PCBs and internal standards. Samples were mixed at various speeds, temperatures, incubation periods and concentrations of surfactants, before the metabolites were extracted and mass analyzed. An aged PCB-contaminated soil sample was also studied. PCBs extraction recoveries for the spiked samples two hours after exposure to the toxicants were 93% whereas average recovery from the samples extracted after 60 days of toxicant exposure was 67%. Within 2 hours of incubation, 47, 28 and 14% of PCBs were biodegraded from the contaminated sample by the addition of surfactin, rhamnolipids and octyl glucoside respectively, at concentrations above their critical micelle concentrations. If the soil composition and mechanism for removal at a contaminated site are fully understood, in situ biodegradation can be exploited.

Download or read book Enhanced Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls written by Bernard Gibbs and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a worldwide initiative to remove polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the environment because of their potential hazard. Animal experiments have shown they can produce liver damage, developmental defects and even cancer. Thirty per cent of the 310,000 tons of PCBs that have been produced globally are now considered as persistent toxicants in the environment. To date, only 4% have been successfully treated. Although a number of technologies are in existence for the treatment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), they do have several drawbacks including the production of toxic volatiles in incinerators and high cost associated with these procedures. On the other hand, successful bioremediation is relatively inexpensive, as shown for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) degradation, with the added advantages of being able to be carried out in situ. In this study, preliminary experiments demonstrated that certain surfactants enhance PCB degradation in aqueous solution in the presence of enzymes, in a concentration-dependent manner. These surfactants have not been previously reported as enhancers in PCB degradation.

Download or read book Degradation of Trichloroethylene TCE and Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs by Fe and Fe Pd Bimetals in the Presence of Surfactants and Cosolvents written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants and cosolvents are being used to enhance the removal of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) from contaminated soils. However, the waste surfactant solution containing TCE and PCBs must be treated before it can be disposed. This study evaluated the use of zero-valence iron and palladized iron fillings on the dechlorination of TCE and a PCB congener in a dihexylsulfosuccinate surfactant solution. Batch experimental results indicated that TCE can be rapidly degraded by palladized iron filings with a half-life of 27.4 min. PCB was degraded at a slower rate than TCE with a half-life ranging from 100 min to 500 min as the concentration of surfactant increased. In column flow-through experiments, both TCE and PCBs degrade at an enhanced rate with a half-life about 1.5 and 6 min because of an increased solid to solution ratio in the column than in the batch experiments. Results of this work suggest that Fe-Pd filings may be potentially applicable for ex-situ treatment of TCE and PCBs in the surfactant solutions that are generated during surfactant washing of the contaminated soils.

Download or read book Comprehensive Biotechnology written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 5304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Comprehensive Biotechnology, Six Volume Set continues the tradition of the first inclusive work on this dynamic field with up-to-date and essential entries on the principles and practice of biotechnology. The integration of the latest relevant science and industry practice with fundamental biotechnology concepts is presented with entries from internationally recognized world leaders in their given fields. With two volumes covering basic fundamentals, and four volumes of applications, from environmental biotechnology and safety to medical biotechnology and healthcare, this work serves the needs of newcomers as well as established experts combining the latest relevant science and industry practice in a manageable format. It is a multi-authored work, written by experts and vetted by a prestigious advisory board and group of volume editors who are biotechnology innovators and educators with international influence. All six volumes are published at the same time, not as a series; this is not a conventional encyclopedia but a symbiotic integration of brief articles on established topics and longer chapters on new emerging areas. Hyperlinks provide sources of extensive additional related information; material authored and edited by world-renown experts in all aspects of the broad multidisciplinary field of biotechnology Scope and nature of the work are vetted by a prestigious International Advisory Board including three Nobel laureates Each article carries a glossary and a professional summary of the authors indicating their appropriate credentials An extensive index for the entire publication gives a complete list of the many topics treated in the increasingly expanding field

Download or read book Bioremediation and Phytoremediation Technologies in Sustainable Soil Management written by Junaid Ahmad Malik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 4-volume set focuses on the use of microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation to clean up pollutants in soil, such as pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, and chlorinated solvents, which reduce the soil's fertility and renders it unfit for plant growth. The volumes cover the many diverse eco-friendly microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation techniques for sustainable soil management. Volume 4: Degradation of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls addresses pesticide degradation, PCBs degradation, and genetic interventions. It begins by describing environmental pesticide degradation, mechanisms and sustainability, microbes and microbial enzymes, plant microbe interactions, organophosphorus degradations and endosulfan degradation. It then goes on to discuss PCBs and degradation, cypermethrin, degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and carvone and surfactants for degradation of PCBs. The book also advocates for genetic systems for degradation of PCBs and pesticides, with discussion of the different advantages and disadvantages for each strategy and the various techniques. Other volumes in the 4-volume set: • Volume 1: Fundamental Aspects and Contaminated Sites • Volume 2: Microbial Approaches and Recent Trends • Volume 3: Inventive Techniques, Research Methods, and Case Studies Together, these four volumes provide in-depth coverage of the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of the bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies for safe and sustainable soil management.

Download or read book Dehalogenation written by Max M. Häggblom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last century peaking in the 1960s, and continuing in widespread use today. Organohalides are integral to a variety of industrial applications, including use as solvents, degreasing agents, biocides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, and intermediates for chemical synthesis, to name a few. It is important to recognize the beneficial aspects of halogenated organic compounds, as well as their potentially deleterious impact on the environment and health. Recognition ofthe adverse environmental effects ofmanytypes oforganohalide compounds has led to efforts to reduce or eliminate the most problematic ones. Although organohalide compounds are typically considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, they have their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the global organohalogen budget. This volume authored by recognized experts in the field provides a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The focus is on microbial processes, since these play a major role both in the production and degradation, i. e. , cycling of halogenated organic compounds inthe environment. This book is organized into five parts. Part I, Introduction, provides a global perspective on the issues of organohalides and their fate in the environment.

Download or read book Biodegradation and Bioremediation written by Ajay Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, experts from universities, government labs and industry share their findings on the microbiological, biochemical and molecular aspects of biodegradation and bioremediation. The text covers numerous topics, including: bioavailability, biodegradation of various pollutants, microbial community dynamics, properties and engineering of important biocatalysts, and methods for monitoring bioremediation processes. Microbial processes are environmentally compatible and can be integrated with non-biological processes to detoxify, degrade and immobilize environmental contaminants.

Download or read book Microbial Biotechnology written by Pankaj Chowdhary and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-09-07 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A holistic approach covering a wide range of environmental microbial applications along with current and future trends In Microbial Biotechnology: Role in Ecological Sustainability and Research, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an authoritative overview of the role of microbial biotechnology in the pursuit of environmental and ecological sustainability. The book provides readers with compelling presentations of microbial technology, including its applications in the removal of environmental pollutants, and sustainable agriculture using microbial biocontrol agents or bio-fertilizers. Readers will also be able to explore the microbial reduction of greenhouse gases and a wide range of other cutting-edge applications, including the removal of various toxic environmental contaminants, such as antibiotics, pesticides, dyes, and heavy metals. Microbial Biotechnology provides: A thorough introduction to microorganisms, their metabolic engineering, the human microbiome, and other foundational topics An in-depth exploration of environmental management, including bioremediation through a nexus approach A fulsome treatment of current trends in microbial biotechnology and its role in sustainable production Perfect for professionals in applied microbiology, biotechnology, environmental engineering, green chemistry, and soil science, Microbial Biotechnology: Role in Ecological Sustainability and Research will also earn a place in the libraries of research scholars, scientists, and academicians with an interest in environmental microbiology and ecology.

Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Pesticides Environmental Fate Ecotoxicology Risk Assessment and Remediation written by Liangang Mao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-25 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Ali Asghar Rastegari and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-05-16 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Biomedicine Systems: Diversity and Functional Perspectives describes how specific techniques can be used to generalize the metabolism of bacteria that optimize biologic improvement strategies and bio-transport processes. Microbial biotechnology focuses on microbes of agricultural, environmental, industrial, and clinical significance. This volume discusses several methods based on molecular genetics, systems, and biology of synthetic, genomic, proteomic, and metagenomics. Recent developments in our understanding of the role of microbes in sustainable agriculture and biotechnology have created a highly potential research area. The soil and plant microbiomes have a significant role in plant growth promotion, crop yield, soil health and fertility for sustainable developments. The microbes provide nutrients and stimulate plant growth through different mechanisms, including solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc; biological nitrogen fixation; production of siderophore, ammonia, HCN and other secondary metabolites which are antagonistic against pathogenic microbes. This new book provides an indispensable reference source for engineers/bioengineers, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, agrochemists, and researchers who want to know about the unique properties of this microbe and explore its sustainable agriculture future applications. Introduces the principles of microbial biotechnology and its application in plant growth and soil health for sustainable agriculture Explores various plant microbiomes and their beneficial impact on plant growth for crop improvement Explains the mechanisms of plant-microbe interaction and plant growth promotion Includes current applications of microbial consortium for enhance production of crop in eco-friendly manners

Download or read book Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds written by Jim C. Spain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past five years increased awareness of environmental contamination by nitroaromatic compounds has led to a dramatic increase in research on their biodegradation. The resulting discoveries have markedly extended our understanding of degradation mecha nisms and pathways in bacteria and fungi. Futhermore, this new basic knowledge promises the development of field applications of biodegradation systems for nitroaromatic com pounds. In May of 1994, an International Symposium on the Biodegradation of Nitro aromatic Compounds was held in Las Vegas, Nevada. This symposium brought together the scientists at the frontiers of research into the biodegradation of nitro aromatic compounds. The invited speakers were asked to review their area of expertise and write a critical, comprehensive synthesis of their work and related work by others. This book is the result of their efforts. The emphasis of the reviews is on basic research in biodegradation and biotransfor mation. Therefore, the reactions of nitroaromatic compounds in plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, soil, and even nonbiological systems are considered. The goal of the work is to provide the reader with an appreciation of the tremendous range of possibilities for metabolism of aromatic nitro compounds and the experimental approaches used to understand them. This volume should be of interest to biochemists, microbiologists, engineers, toxicologists, and anyone interested in the behavior of synthetic chemicals in the environment or in living systems. Furthermore, a variety of commercial applications can be envisioned for some of the reactions described here.

Download or read book Novel Approaches for Bioremediation of Organic Pollution written by Raffi Fass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 42nd OHOLO Conference held in Eilat, Israel, May 3-7, 1998

Download or read book Microbial Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds written by Pankaj Kumar Arora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xenobiotic compounds including pesticides, nitrophenols, pyridine, polycyclic aromatic compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls are widely spread in environment due to anthropogenic activities. Most of them are highly toxic to living beings due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, the removal of these compounds from environment is an essential step for environmental sustainability. Microbial remediation has emerged as an effective technology for degradation of these xenobiotic compounds as microorganisms have unique ability to utilize these compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy. The primary goal of this book is to provide detailed information of microbial degradation of many xenobiotic compounds in various microorganisms.

Download or read book Microbial Enzymes Roles and Applications in Industries written by Naveen Kumar Arora and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Microbial Enzymes: Roles and applications in industry” offers an essential update on the field of microbial biotechnology, and presents the latest information on a range of microbial enzymes such as fructosyltransferase, laccases, amylases, lipase, and cholesterol oxidase, as well as their potential applications in various industries. Production and optimisation technologies for several industrially relevant microbial enzymes are also addressed. In recent years, genetic engineering has opened up new possibilities for redesigning microbial enzymes that are useful in multiple industries, an aspect that the book explores. In addition, it demonstrates how some of the emerging issues in the fields of agriculture, environment and human health can be resolved with the aid of green technologies based on microbial enzymes. The topics covered here will not only provide a better understanding of the commercial applications of microbial enzymes, but also outline futuristic approaches to use microbial enzymes as driver of industrial sustainability. Lastly, the book is intended to provide readers with an overview of recent applications of microbial enzymes in various industrial sectors, and to pique researchers’ interest in the development of novel microbial enzyme technologies to meet the changing needs of industry.

Download or read book Current Opinion in Biotechnology written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ bioremediationâ€"the use of microorganisms for on-site removal of contaminantsâ€"is potentially cheaper, faster, and safer than conventional cleanup methods. But in situ bioremediation is also clouded in uncertainty, controversy, and mistrust. This volume from the National Research Council provides direction for decisionmakers and offers detailed and readable explanations of: the processes involved in in situ bioremediation, circumstances in which it is best used, and methods of measurement, field testing, and modeling to evaluate the results of bioremediation projects. Bioremediation experts representing academic research, field practice, regulation, and industry provide accessible information and case examples; they explore how in situ bioremediation works, how it has developed since its first commercial use in 1972, and what research and education efforts are recommended for the future. The volume includes a series of perspective papers. The book will be immediately useful to policymakers, regulators, bioremediation practitioners and purchasers, environmental groups, concerned citizens, faculty, and students.

Download or read book Microbial Bioremediation of Non Metals written by Anna-Irini Koukkou and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics covered include: enzymatic biodegradation reactions; the impact of bioturbation on hydrocarbon dynamics in marine sediments; the structure, function and biodiversity of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases involved in PAH biodegradation; strategies to engineer PCB-degrading bacteria; PCB-degrading plant-microbe systems strategies; the structure, regulation and diversity of microbial genes encoding biodegradative enzymes. In addition there are excellent reviews detailing the application of the state-of-the-art molecular technologies to study biodegradative processes. Technologies covered are.