Download or read book Engineering Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis written by Fraser James Sim and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis written by Gerd Kempermann and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of adult neurogenesis and of stem cells in the brain has changed our view of the mature brain. Though we now know that the adult brain can make new neurons, it normally does so only in two privileged regions, the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus. Yet stem cells, which have the potential to produce new neurons, can be found throughout the adult brain. So why does the brain not make wider use of its potential for neurogenesis? And what is the function of new neurons and of neural stem cells in areas where they occur? After all, the brain regenerates poorly and many neurological and psychiatric disorders are chronic because cell replacement has not taken place. This is the first comprehensive, integrated account of one of the most exciting areas of neuroscience. It begins with the historical background and discusses theories of adult neurogenesis and neural stem cell biology in the context of learning and memory processes as well as structural plasticity. It describes in detail neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus and olfactory system and then surveys the regulatory, functional, and comparative aspects, concluding with a chapter on the provocative hypotheses that link failing adult neurogenesis with such diseases as temporal lobe epilepsy, major depression, brain tumors, and dementias. For graduate students, investigators, and clinicians in the neurosciences, developmental biology, and stem cell research, this book is a unique resource that sifts through the evidence for exciting scientific ideas and fosters a realistic view of the therapeutic possibilities for the use of stem cells in the adult brain.
Download or read book Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain I written by Tatsunori Seki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of adult neurogenesis caused a paradigm shift in the neurosciences. For more than 100 years, it was believed that adult neurons do not regenerate. Joseph Altman and Fernando Nottebohm found proof to the contrary and changed the course of history. Their research, included here, provides the foundations of the field. Today, adult neurogenesis is a rapidly expanding discipline applicable to the study of brain development and diseases, learning and memory, aging, and neuropsychiatric disorders. With multiple authors, the 27 chapters of this book contain the latest work in two volumes. The first presents the basic biology of adult neurogenesis in non-mammalian vertebrates and in the mammalian hippocampus and olfactory bulb, and the second discusses clinical implications and delves into adult neurogenesis and brain injury as well as neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric pathologies. With details of the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of the two neurogenic brain regions, this book provides indispensable knowledge for many areas of neuroscience and for experimental and clinical applications of adult neurogenesis to brain therapy.
Download or read book Neural Stem Cells and Adult Neurogenesis written by Arie S. Mobley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Stem Cells and Adult Neurogenesis provides graduate students and neuroscientists with a basic understanding of what neural stem cells are and the cell types they produce. This early graduate level reference describes their physiology and potential for medicine and provides students with fundamental stem cell information. An overview of stem cell sources in the human body and a brief mention of relevant diseases provide context for the value of this knowledge. The book also includes chapters on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the methods used to obtain them, and a review of the ethical challenges associated with stem cell research. For each region, the book provides a description of its neurogenic niche, cellular and molecular biology, and information on the neurons’ contribution to normal and diseased brain function. The level of information is appropriate for early graduate students, introducing technology and molecular biology in an accessible format. Provides a basic understanding of what a stem cell is, the different types, and their potential in health and research Details adult neurogenesis and its role in behavior, stroke and disease Includes walkthrough and technology boxes that illustrate experimental concepts, new approaches and techniques
Download or read book Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain II written by Tatsunori Seki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of adult neurogenesis caused a paradigm shift in the neurosciences. For more than 100 years, it was believed that adult neurons do not regenerate. Joseph Altman and Fernando Nottebohm found proof to the contrary and changed the course of history. Their research, included here, provides the foundations of the field. Today, adult neurogenesis is a rapidly expanding discipline applicable to the study of brain development and diseases, learning and memory, aging, and neuropsychiatric disorders. With multiple authors, the 27 chapters of this book contain the latest work in two volumes. The first presents the basic biology of adult neurogenesis in non-mammalian vertebrates and in the mammalian hippocampus and olfactory bulb, and the second discusses clinical implications and delves into adult neurogenesis and brain injury as well as neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric pathologies. With details of the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of the two neurogenic brain regions, this book provides indispensable knowledge for many areas of neuroscience and for experimental and clinical applications of adult neurogenesis to brain therapy.
Download or read book Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis in Adult Bullfrog Brains written by Eri Saijo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain written by Alfred Carter and published by Murphy & Moore Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurogenesis refers to the process of production of neurons by neural stem cells. There are different types of neural stem cells such as radial glial cells, neuroepithelial cells, intermediate neuronal precursors, basal progenitors, subgranular zone radial astrocytes and subventricular zone astrocytes. Neural stem cells are self-renewing and multipotent cells. Neurogenesis is responsible for producing all the different types of neurons within an individual. It is most active during embryonic development but continues throughout adult life. Adult neurogenesis is different from prenatal neurogenesis. Formation of new neurons in adults takes place in two regions of the brain, namely, subgranular zone and subventricular zone. This book strives to provide a fair idea about neurogenesis in adult brain and helps to develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis and Neural Stem Cells in Mammals written by Philippe Taupin and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title contains a book and CD. The brain has a number of nerve cells estimated at a magnitude of 10 to 100 billion, and 1014 to 1015 synapses, and therefore is the most complex organ of the human body. During fetal development the foundations of the brain are laid as billions of neurons form appropriate connections and patterns. In the adult mammalian brain, most neurons are post-mitotic, and therefore at risk for irreversible damage. As we age, atrophy of the brain occurs. As brain weight declines the volume of the brain in the 8th decade is reduced by 6 per cent -10 per cent versus the third decade, and neuronal loss occurs, up to 10,000 to 100,000 neurons are lost per day, though this estimation is being revised downward with the advance of more sophisticated measurements.
Download or read book Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity written by Catherine Belzung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together authors working on a wide range of topics to provide an up to date account of the underlying mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the adult brain. With an increasing understanding of the role of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis it is possible to envisage improvements or novel treatments for a number of diseases and the possibility of harnessing these phenomena to reduce the impact of ageing and to provide mechanisms to repair the brain.
Download or read book Adult Neurogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuronal Recovery in the Central Nervous System written by Luis B. Tovar-y-Romo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neurobiology of Olfaction written by Anna Menini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Overview of Advances in OlfactionThe common belief is that human smell perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are uncovered and investigated in animal research would have little significance for humans. However, new evidence from a variety of sources indicates this traditional view is likely
Download or read book Postnatal And Adult Neurogenesis written by Luca Bonfanti and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fact that the mammalian central nervous system is mostly made up of perennial elements accounting for its well known uncapability to undergo physiological cell renewal and post-lesion repair has represented a dogma for most of the XXth century. Yet, research carried out starting from the sixties in a rather sceptic milieu, and exponentially expanded at the beginning of the nineties with the definitive demonstration that neurogenesis actually takes place in the adult brain and that it is sustained by neural stem cells, opened a new, challenging field in neuroscience. In the last fifteen years, such a field has been tackled by interdisciplinary approaches thus spreading into several ramifications, often referred either more generally to as developmental neurobiology and structural plasticity , or more specifically to as adult neurogenesis . The aims of these studies have become more focused in a wide range of topics, spanning from the detailed morphological/molecular analysis of neurogenic sites to the migration/specification/integration of newlyborn cell precursors into neuronal circuits; from the in vivo identification of cell types and their functional relationships within the neural stem cell niches to the in vitro isolation and characterization of neural stem cells in the perspective of brain repair. In the last few years, in spite of a huge amount of information gathered around the issue of neurogenesis, new elements of complexity have arisen, thus leaving open many questions. It is now clear that persistent neurogenesis do not faithfully reproduce embryonic developmental processes. Indeed, postnatal changes involving the structure/function of neurogenic sites and the neural stem cell niches contained herein, do occur in order to adapt to the mature nervous tissue. The recent finding that adult neural stem cells share a glial identity and directly derive from radial glia raises questions concerning the neuronal-glial relationships across pre- and post-natal development. The progeny of neuronal precursors must integrate into already established neural circuits, whose features change according to the pre- and post-natal developmental stages. In addition, the fact that neural stem cells isolated in vitro prevalently differentiate into astrocytes, whereas in vivo they produce mainly neurons, highlights the importance of epigenetic signals. Finally, substantial data recently obtained under a comparative profile reveal that persistent neurogenesis, although being a well preserved trait, shows remarkable differences among species and, possibly, interesting evolutionary adaptations. The comparative approach, both among mammals and among vertebrates, further reveals new elements of complexity linked to the different growth rates and lifespans. Yet, although introducing new questions about postnatal and adult stages in different species, this approach could provide insights as concerns the functional significance of persistent neurogenesis. Thus, 50 years after the first evidence that new neurons can be generated and added to a mature brain, the actual meaning of such a phenomenon in brain physiology as well as its usefulness in brain repair remain a matter of debate. We learned that neurogenesis can persist in restricted brain sites, whereby it undergoes complex cell/molecular regulation, whereas in the rest of the nervous system it remains as a potentiality. Hence, a better knowledge of the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying these processes should be attained to understand if and how endogenous neurogenesis can be exploited/modulated in the perspective of brain healing. This book, other than providing an overview of the state of the art in the field of postnatal and adult neurogenesis, tries to update our present knowledge about the postnatal changes of neurogenic processes and to place them in the context of a comparative vision. The attainment of this goal has been possible thanks to the contribution of many young scientists from different corners of the world, who have built their experience in neurogenesis during the last decade.
Download or read book Role of Glial Cells of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Guanghui Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stem Cell Bioengineering and Tissue Engineering Microenvironment written by Satya Prakash and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive review of the current state of stem cell bioengineering from authorities in the field. The first part of the book includes the basic research work on stem cells and bioengineering carried out by various laboratories. The second part consists of a review of the current development of various microcapsules in stem cell therapy. The last part will summarize the overall clinical trials on stem cell therapy and myocardial regeneration as well as the most updated personal experience recently completed by well-known experts in this field.
Download or read book Deletion of IP3 Receptor2 in Astrocytes Enhances the Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Adult Mice written by Wenting Chang (Biological engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurogenesis (birth of neurons) is a process by which neurons are generated from neural progenitor cells. It mainly occurs in two regions of brain, one is the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) and the other is the subgranular zone (SGZ) in dentate gyrus of hippocampus. Astrocytes release calcium from intracellular stores in response to the activation of different types of Gq-linked G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) through the binding of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) to its receptor (IP3R). Astrocyte Ca2+ has been deemed necessary and sufficient to trigger the release of glio-transmitters, such as ATP and glutamate, to modulate neuronal activity. Several lines of evidence suggest that IP3R type 2 (IP3R2) is the primary IP3R expressed in astrocytes. We already know that IP3R2 is a key mediator of astrocytic Ca2+ dependent signaling cascades, but its role in neurogenesis is unknown. In this project, we use IP3R2 knockout mice (KO) mice to determine whether IP3R2 affects neuronal proliferation and survival in hippocampal SGZ. Using BrdU labeling method, we found that IP3R2 KO mice from age one to 3 month have an enhanced neuronal proliferation as compared with age-matched wild type (WT) mice. As IP3R2 is mainly expressed in astrocytes, our study suggests that astrocytes play an important role in adult neurogenesis through IP3R -mediated calcium signaling pathway. The overall results revealed that IP3R2 down regulated neurogenesis in adult mice hippocampus. Deletion of IP3R2 gene caused the proliferating GFAP+ stem cells, DCX+ immature neurons, and NeuN+ neurons increased. But decreased the number of microglia number in KO mice. Total survival proliferating cell number has a significant increase in 1.5 month old KO mice brain, and the increasing is a result of survival neurons, but not from other cell types. Finally the s100[beta]+ horizontal glial cell number has a significantly reduction indicated that IP3R2 gene down regulated neurogenesis but up regulated gliogenesis.
Download or read book Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches written by Ajaykumar Vishwakarma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches covers a wide spectrum of research and current knowledge on embryonic and adult stem cell niches, focusing on the understanding of stem cell niche molecules and signaling mechanisms, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions. The book comprehensively reviews factors regulating stem cell behavior and the corresponding approaches for understanding the subsequent effect of providing the proper matrix molecules, mechanical cues, and/or chemical cues. It encompasses a variety of tools and techniques for developing biomaterials-based methods to model synthetic stem cell niches in vivo, or to enhance and direct stem cell fate in vitro. A final section of the book discusses stem cell niche bioengineering strategies and current advances in each tissue type. Includes the importance of Cell-Cell and Cell Matrix Interactions in each specific tissue and system Authored and edited by authorities in this emerging and multidisciplinary field Includes valuable links to 5-10 minute YouTube© author videos that describe main points
