Download or read book Energy Water and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth s Surface written by Meghan F. Cronin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-03 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Flux Divergence Near the Earth s Surface written by Larry Lorin Stowe and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transport of Infrared Atmospheric Radiation written by Boris M. Smirnov and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets out to give a rigorous mathematical description of the greenhouse effect through the theory of infrared atmospheric emission. In contrast to traditional climatological analysis, this approach eschews empirical relations in favour of a strict thermodynamical derivation, based on data from NASA and from the HITRAN spectroscopy database. The results highlight new aspects of the role of clouds in the greenhouse effect.
Download or read book Freshwater methane and carbon dioxide fluxes written by Sivakiruthika Natchimuthu and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-05 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater bodies such as lakes and streams release the greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Global freshwater CH4 and CO2 emissions have been estimated to be of a similar magnitude to the global land or ocean carbon sink, and are thus significant components of global carbon budgets. However, the data supporting global estimates frequently lacks information regarding spatial and temporal variability and are thus highly inaccurate. In this thesis, detailed studies of the spatio-temporal variability of CH4 and CO2 fluxes were conducted in the open water areas of lakes and streams within a whole catchment in Sweden. One aim was also to evaluate the importance of spatio-temporal variability in lake and stream fluxes when making whole catchment aquatic or large scale assessments. Apart from the expected large spatio-temporal variability in lake fluxes, interactions between spatial and temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were found. Shallow lakes and shallow areas of lakes were observed to emit more CH4 as compared to their deeper counterparts. This spatial variability interacted with the temporal variability driven by an exponential temperature response of the fluxes, which meant that shallow waters were more sensitive to warming than deeper ones. Such interactions may be important for climate feedbacks. Surface water CO2 in lakes showed significant spatio-temporal variability and, when considering variability in both space and time, CO2 fluxes were largely controlled by concentrations, rather than gas transfer velocities. Stream fluxes were also highly variable in space and time and in particular, stream CH4 fluxes were surprisingly large and more variable than CO2 fluxes. Fluxes were large from stream areas with steep slopes and periods of high discharge which occupied a small fraction of the total stream area and the total measurement period, respectively, and a failure to account for these spatially distinct or episodic high fluxes could lead to underestimates. The total aquatic fluxes from the whole catchment were estimated by combining the measurements in open waters of lakes and streams. Using our data, recommendations on improved study designs for representative measurements in lakes and streams were provided for future studies. Thus, this thesis presents findings relating to flux regulation in lakes and streams, and urges forthcoming studies to better consider spatio-temporal variability so as to achieve unbiased large-scale estimates.
Download or read book Surface Fluxes of Water Energy and Carbon Dioxide as Simulated by the Simple Biosphere Model Version 3 in the Southern Great Plains of North America and Their Effect on Simulated Boundary Layer Hydrology written by Andrew W. Philpott and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continuity of NASA Earth Observations from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA's Earth Science Division (ESD) conducts a wide range of satellite and suborbital missions to observe Earth's land surface and interior, biosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans as part of a program to improve understanding of Earth as an integrated system. Earth observations provide the foundation for critical scientific advances and environmental data products derived from these observations are used in resource management and for an extraordinary range of societal applications including weather forecasts, climate projections, sea level change, water management, disease early warning, agricultural production, and the response to natural disasters. As the complexity of societal infrastructure and its vulnerability to environmental disruption increases, the demands for deeper scientific insights and more actionable information continue to rise. To serve these demands, NASA's ESD is challenged with optimizing the partitioning of its finite resources among measurements intended for exploring new science frontiers, carefully characterizing long-term changes in the Earth system, and supporting ongoing societal applications. This challenge is most acute in the decisions the Division makes between supporting measurement continuity of data streams that are critical components of Earth science research programs and the development of new measurement capabilities. This report seeks to establish a more quantitative understanding of the need for measurement continuity and the consequences of measurement gaps. Continuity of NASA's Earth's Observations presents a framework to assist NASA's ESD in their determinations of when a measurement or dataset should be collected for durations longer than the typical lifetimes of single satellite missions.
Download or read book Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide written by Michael C. MacCracken and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Vegetation written by Hamlyn G Jones and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible yet rigorous introduction to remote sensing and its application to the study of vegetation for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The underlying physical and mathematical principles of the techniques disucussed are explained in a way readily understood by those without a strong mathematical background.
Download or read book Water Vapor Not Carbon Dioxide Is Major Contributor to the Earth s Greenhouse Effect written by Roy Cataldo and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2014-08-28 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defining why carbon dioxide is not the major contributor to the earth's greenhouse effect. In spite of the fact computer models used to support emission reductions required of the original Rio Treaty of 1992(1) and the Kyoto Protocol (2) resulted in warming increases that greatly exaggerated actual global warming, alarmists of today still believe the false notion that the carbon dioxide contribution to global warming is about 80% of all greenhouse gases considered. Using Departmrnt of Energy (DOE) (3a), Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) (3b), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (4), and European research data, it is provable that such a statement is false. It will be shown the contribution of carbon dioxide is 72.369% only under studies where water vapor (H2O) content is equal to zero. When studies are carried out with water vapor considered an air pollutant with its correct percentage content of the atmospheric gases set to 95.000%(5a) (5b), the actual carbon dioxide (CO2) importance is reduced to a relatively small 3.618%. Another significant finding of greenhouse gas relative importance in studies without and with water vapor included in the studies shows the total man-made greenhouse effect is reduced from 5.53% to 0.28% when studies without water vapor and with water vapor are conducted. In either case, man-made greenhouse effect is relatively small and does not justify the carbon tax being proposed by global warming alarmists.
Download or read book Energy and Climate written by Bert Bolin and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Process and Change written by Edward Bryant and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encompasses the true complexity of climate change, presenting in simple terms, the processs that drive the Earth's present climate system. The author outlines the nature and reasons for temperature fluctuations over millennia, including recent human-induced climate change.
Download or read book The Evolution of the Biosphere written by M.I. Budyko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE STUDY OF THE BIOSPHERE The term 'biosphere' first appeared in the works of the French biologist 1.-B. Lamarck and the Austrian geologist E. Suess in the 19th century. In the 20th century, the study of the biosphere attracted considerable attention, largely due to the research of V. I. Vernadsky (1863- 1945). The results Qf Vernadsky's investigations have appeared in a number of publications, including the monograph The Biosphere published in 1926. This work consists of two parts, The Biosphere in Cosmos' and The Zone of Life', written in a form of speculation and reflection that is rarely used in modern studies. This work concerns the distinguishing properties of the space occupied by organisms and the exceptional importance of the activities of these organisms in the formation of their environment. In this and subsequent studies, Vernadsky has laid the foundations of the science of the biosphere, which today plays an important role in th.c many branches of science concerned with the Earth. Several terms have been suggested for the science of the biosphere, including global ecology (a discipline studying the global ecological system, whose meaning is close to that of the biosphere). One of the most prominent predecessors of Vernadsky was his teacher V.
Download or read book Climate Change Modeling Methodology written by Philip J. Rasch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's average temperature has risen by 1.4°F over the past century, and computer models project that it will rise much more over the next hundred years, with significant impacts on weather, climate, and human society. Many climate scientists attribute these increases to the build up of greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels and to the anthropogenic production of short-lived climate pollutants. Climate Change Modeling Methodologies: Selected Entries from the Encyclopaedia of Sustainability Science and Technology provides readers with an introduction to the tools and analysis techniques used by climate change scientists to interpret the role of these forcing agents on climate. Readers will also gain a deeper understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these models and how to test and assess them. The contributions include a glossary of key terms and a concise definition of the subject for each topic, as well as recommendations for sources of more detailed information.
Download or read book Long term Water and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from a Boreal Forest written by Achim Grelle and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate and Life written by Budyko and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1974-06-28 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate and Life
Download or read book Hydrology written by Wilfried Brutsaert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wilfried Brutsaert (2022 Stockholm Water Prize Laureate) has revised and updated his classic textbook to take into account recent developments, while retaining the rigor and structure of the previous edition to introduce the fundamental principles of hydrology. New topics include the response of the global water cycle to climate change, the land surface energy budget closure, snow melt, groundwater trends and statistical surface variability with disturbed atmospheric boundary layers. Hydrologic phenomena are dealt with at the spatial and temporal scales at which they occur in nature. The physics and mathematics necessary to describe these phenomena are introduced and developed: readers will require a working knowledge of calculus and basic fluid mechanics. This classroom-tested textbook – based on the author's long-running course at Cornell - is invaluable for entry-level courses in hydrology directed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physical science and engineering. In addition, it is also a great reference text for practising scientists and engineers.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Inland Waters written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 2589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inland aquatic habitats occur world-wide at all scales from marshes, swamps and temporary puddles, to ponds, lakes and inland seas; from streams and creeks to rolling rivers. Vital for biological diversity, ecosystem function and as resources for human life, commerce and leisure, inland waters are a vital component of life on Earth. The Encyclopedia of Inland Waters describes and explains all the basic features of the subject, from water chemistry and physics, to the biology of aquatic creatures and the complex function and balance of aquatic ecosystems of varying size and complexity. Used and abused as an essential resource, it is vital that we understand and manage them as much as we appreciate and enjoy them. This extraordinary reference brings together the very best research to provide the basic and advanced information necessary for scientists to understand these ecosystems – and for water resource managers and consultants to manage and protect them for future generations. Encyclopedic reference to Limnology - a key core subject in ecology taught as a specialist course in universitiesOver 240 topic related articles cover the field Gene Likens is a renowned limnologist and conservationist, Emeritus Director of the Institute of Ecosystems Research, elected member of the American Philosophical Society and recipient of the 2001 National Medal of Science Subject Section Editors and authors include the very best research workers in the field
