Download or read book Energy Storage and Return Prosthetic Foot Design Using Selective Laser Sintering written by Brian James South and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing Processes in Biomedical Engineering written by Atul Babbar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers innovative breakthroughs in additive manufacturing processes used for biomedical engineering. More and more, 3D printing is selected over traditional manufacturing processes, especially for complex designs, because of the many advantages such as fewer restrictions, better production cost savings, higher quality control, and accuracy. Current challenges and opportunities regarding material, design, cost savings, and efficiency are covered along with an outline of the most recent fabrication methods used for converting biomaterials into integrated structures that can fit best in anatomy while still obtaining the necessary architecture, mechanical reliability, biocompatibility, and anti-bacterial characteristics needed. Additional chapters will also focus on selected areas of applications such as bionics, affordable prostheses, implants, medical devices, rapid tooling, and drug delivery. Additive Manufacturing Processes in Biomedical Engineering: Advanced Fabrication Methods and Rapid Tooling Techniques acts as a first-hand reference for commercial manufacturing organizations which are mimicking tissue organs by using additive manufacturing techniques. By capturing the current trends of today’s manufacturing practices this book becomes a one-stop resource for manufacturing professionals, engineers in related disciplines, and academic researchers.

Download or read book Advances in Biotechnology Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Biotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Biotechnology. The editors have built Advances in Biotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Biotechnology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Biotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 2nd Lawang Sewu International Symposium on Engineering and Applied Sciences LEWIS EAS 2023 written by Ilham Yustar Afif and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 3D Printing in Biomedical Engineering written by Sunpreet Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving field of three-dimensional (3D) printing, and its increasing applications in the biomedical domain. 3D printing has distinct advantages like improved quality, cost-effectiveness, and higher efficiency compared to traditional manufacturing processes. Besides these advantages, current challenges and opportunities regarding choice of material, design, and efficiency are addressed in the book. Individual chapters also focus on select areas of applications such as surgical guides, tissue regeneration, artificial scaffolds and implants, and drug delivery and release. This book will be a valuable source of information for researchers and professionals interested in the expanding biomedical applications of 3D printing.

Download or read book Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design of a Novel Mechatronic System to Test Prosthetic Feet Under Specific Walking Activity Loads and Evaluate Their Lower Leg Trajectory Error written by Heidi V. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lower limb amputees, numbered at more than 40 million globally, are challenged with limited mobility due to prosthetic devices that do not fully restore the functionalities of their biological limbs. While commercially available energy storage and return feet do restore some of the functionalities of a missing limb, the development and use of these prosthetic devices are limited by the current design, evaluation, and prescription processes. This is because the connection between the combined mechanical characteristics of a foot and user outcomes, such as mobility, comfort, and walking effort, is not fully understood. The lower leg trajectory error (LLTE) is a novel prosthetic foot performance metric that provides a quantitative connection between the mechanical characteristics of a foot and the expected gait of an amputee. Thus far, the LLTE value of a foot has only been calculated via simulation, which limits the practical use of the metric in prosthetic foot design, evaluation, and prescription. One way to systematically measure the LLTE value of a physical prosthetic foot would be through a mechanical bench test, but the capabilities of existing bench testing devices are insufficient due to limited degrees of actuation and reported accuracy. The purpose of this work was to design the Prosthetic Foot Testing Device (PFTD), a mechatronic testing device that could apply specific and uncoupled GRFs to any CoP on a foot and measure its deflection, through which it could measure the LLTE value and thus predict walking performance of any passive prosthetic foot. First, we determined high-level functional requirements of the PFTD, including the ranges of reference loads and prosthetic foot deflections as well as the LLTE measurement accuracy, such that the PFTD could meaningfully measure the full range of commercially available prosthetic feet. Second, we derived the relationships between the variables used to calculate the LLTE metric and those controlled or measured by the PFTD. Third, we used these relationships to design the PFTD and perform sensitivity analysis to ensure it could meaningfully and accurately measure the LLTE value of any passive prosthetic foot. In future work, the PFTD will be built, validated, and used to measure and compare the LLTE values of various prosthetic feet. The PFTD and theory presented herein may become a new tool in the prosthetics industry to systematically and amputee-independently measure and compare the performance of prosthetic devices using the LLTE value as a universal metric, which could ultimately improve the development and prescription processes of prostheses.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering written by Harish Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-24 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the selected peer-reviewed papers from the National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering (NCAME 2019), held at the National Institute of Technology Delhi, India. The book covers different areas of mechanical engineering from design engineering to manufacturing engineering. A wide range of topics are discussed such as CAD/CAM, additive manufacturing, fluid dynamics, materials science and engineering, simulation and modeling, finite element analysis, applied mechanics to name a few. The contents provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in mechanical engineering research in the country. Given the scope of the topics covered, the book will be of interest for students, researchers and professionals working in mechanical engineering.

Download or read book Stiffness and Energy Storage Characteristics of Energy Storage and Return Prosthetic Feet written by Nicholas David Womac and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prosthetists currently lack quantifiable measures to guide prosthesis prescriptions and must rely on experience and manufacturer recommendations. Studies have shown that stiffness and energy storage characteristics of prosthetic feet significantly influence amputee gait. Consequently, several studies have attempted measure these mechanical characteristics, but typically measure only a few orientations in a single plane. This study examined the stiffness and energy storage characteristics of several prostheses over normal gait orientations with the goal of improving prosthesis prescriptions. Feet from five different manufacturers were tested with twenty-five different combinations of foot style, stiffness category and heel wedge inclusion. Force-displacement data were collected at fifteen sagittal orientations and five coronal orientations, and were used to calculate stiffness and energy storage. Loading conditions at each sagittal orientation were determined using a representative amputee’s scaled walking data. Stiffness and energy storage were found to be highly non-linear in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Across all feet, stiffness was greatest near foot flat in the sagittal plane. Generally, stiffness decreased with greater heel, forefoot, medial and lateral loading orientations. Energy storage was greatest for forefoot loading and increased with medial or lateral loading orientations. As stiffness category increased within a foot style, stiffness increased and energy stored decreased. However, the recommended weight for a given foot was not linearly related to stiffness or energy storage. In addition, feet with similar manufacturer recommended weight ranges had varied energy storage over all orientations and varied stiffness over heel and foot flat loading orientations. Inclusion of heel wedges increased stiffness and decreased energy storage over heel and foot flat loading for the Vari-Flex with EVO foot, but not the Sierra foot. These results may help improve clinical prescriptions by providing prosthetists with quantitative measures to compare feet.

Download or read book Design and Evaluation of a Cantilever Beam type Prosthetic Foot for Indian Persons with Amputations written by Kathryn M. Olesnavage and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this work is to design a low cost, high performance prosthetic foot in collaboration with Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti (BMVSS), in Jaipur, India. In order to be adopted, the foot must cost less than $10 USD, be mass-manufacturable, and meet or exceed the performance of the Jaipur Foot, BMVSS' current prosthetic foot. This thesis investigates different metrics that are used to design and evaluate prosthetic feet and presents an analysis and evaluation of a solid ankle, cantilever beam - type prosthetic foot. Methods of comparing prosthetic feet in industry and in academia are discussed using a review of literature. These comparisons can be categorized into mechanical, metabolic, subjective, and gait analysis comparisons. The mechanical parameters are the most useful for designing a new prosthetic foot, as they are readily translated into engineering design requirements; however, these are the furthest removed from the performance of the foot. On the other end of the spectrum are metabolic and subjective parameters, which are useful in evaluating prosthetic feet because the objectives of minimizing energy expenditure and earning user approval are clear. Somewhere between these is gait analysis. The literature review reveals that not enough information is available to bridge these categories, that is, there is no consensus on how any particular mechanical parameter affects the subjective ranking of a prosthetic foot. Two mechanical parameters emerge as necessary, but not sufficient: the rollover shape and the energy storage and return capacity of a prosthetic foot. A simple model of a solid ankle, cantilever beam - type prosthetic foot is analyzed in the context of these two parameters. By applying beam bending theory and published gait analysis data, it is found that an unconstrained cantilever beam maximizes energy storage and return, but does not replicate a physiological roll-over shape well regardless of bending stiffness. Finite element analysis is used to find the roll-over shape and energy storage capacity from the same model when a mechanical constraint is added to prevent over deflection. The results show that for very compliant beams, the roll-over shape is nearly identical to the physiological rollover shape, but the energy storage capacity is low. For stiff beams, the opposite is true. Thus there is a trade-off between roll-over shape and energy storage capacity for cantilever beam type feet that fit this model. Further information is required to determine the relative importance of each of these parameters before an optimal bending stiffness can be found. A proof-of-concept prototype was built according to this model and tested in India at BMVSS. It was found that another parameter - perception of stability, which is perhaps dependent on the rate of forward progression of the center of pressure is equally important as, if not more than, the other parameters investigated here. Perception of stability increased with bending stiffness. The prototype foot received mixed feedback and has potential to be further refined. However, the solid ankle model is inappropriate for persons living in India, as it does not allow enough true dorsiflexion to permit squatting, an important activity that is done many times a day in the target demographic. Future work will use a similar method to design and optimize a prosthetic foot with a rotational ankle joint to allow this motion.

Download or read book Modeling and fabrication of prosthetic sockets using selective laser sintering written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful rehabilitation of transtibial amputees involves effective fitting of prosthetic components. However, conventional techniques used to produce sockets with suitable characteristics are labor intensive and expensive, and depend on the work of skilled prosthetists that are relatively scarce compared to the number of transtibial amputees. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a very promising technique for producing subject-specific sockets for transtibial amputee prostheses due to its inherent ability to create complex three-dimensional objects directly from digital shape information without the need for specific tooling, molds or human labor. This dissertation presents a framework for the design, analysis, manufacture and testing of SLS sockets for transtibial prostheses, including the development of a computer-aided design model of the socket with compliant features to enhance comfort, structural analysis using a Finite Element Method (FEM) model, fabrication of a functional prototype using SLS, and experimental validation of the FEM analysis. The validation involved quantifying the failing conditions of sockets manufactured using the framework during destructive tests. The experimental failure loads for the sockets were within a 3% range of the FEM results and were considered satisfactory. The specific design of orthogonally compliant features for socket was also analyzed. This process included the preliminary evaluation of design alternatives using FEM with validation through experimental measurements, definition of specific design methodology for the best alternatives, incorporation of solution within the socket and refinement of design using auxiliary features obtained through topology optimization. Finally, to investigate the structural response of the SLS socket during gait, a FEM model (acquired from Computed Tomography data of a transtibial amputee) composed of a socket, liner and residual limb under quasi-static loading derived from typical ground reaction forces was employed. Three different compliant designs were evaluated to assess their ability to locally relieve local pressure during the stance phase of gait, as well as their structural integrity to ensure safety. The design with a compliant feature consisting of spiral slots within the socket wall was determined to produce a local average relief of 65.8% in the interface pressure, reducing the peak pressure from 172 kPa to 66.4 kPa.

Download or read book A Novel Hydraulic Energy storage and return Prosthetic Ankle written by Anna Pace and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development and Application of Semi active Prosthetic Foot ankle Systems written by Kieran Kieran Nichols and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a need for improved design and function of prosthetic devices to aid walking in persons with transtibial amputations. This dissertation focused on two semi-active ankle-foot prosthetic devices, the Variable Stiffness Foot (VSF) and Two Axis aDaptable Ankle (TADA), which allow users to change biomechanical ankle-foot functions using simpler designs, lower costs, and less power than active prostheses. The background for this dissertation explored the main lower-limb biomechanical principles of prosthetic design, prosthetic-walking mechanics, and sensor feedback. The VSF manuscript investigated the mechanical impact of adjusting stiffness on lower limb mechanics using a prosthetic foot, which can modulate forefoot stiffness. A less stiff VSF resulted in increased ankle dorsiflexion angle, decreased ankle plantarflexor moment, decreased knee extension, decreased knee flexor moment, and increased magnitudes of prosthetic energy storage, energy return, and push-off power. These findings suggest that a less stiff VSF may offer advantages in lower joint moments and greater ankle angle range of motion for individuals with lower-limb prostheses. The Two Axis aDaptable Ankle (TADA) is a semi-active prosthetic ankle that offers independent modulation of sagittal and frontal ankle angles. The first TADA study modified a Raspberry Pi 4 for real-time control of brushless direct-current motors, allowing for precise and reliable ankle angle adjustments. The control system employed CANopen over EtherCAT (CoE) for synchronized communication between the Raspberry Pi and motor controllers. The results demonstrated improved movement times, lower movement errors, and higher data transmission rates. As a continuation, the final TADA study aimed to create an ankle prosthesis that can synchronously record lower-body kinematics and kinetics and assess the sensitivity of those mechanics to different walking speeds and ankle angles for an unimpaired participant. Using a pylon load cell, the results showed that peak magnitudes and impulses increased for plantarflexor moments with increased plantarflexion angle and for evertor moments with increased inversion angles. Moreover, the peak sagittal pylon moments increased with higher walking speeds. The integrated control system of the TADA effectively controls ankle angles, can affect lower-body mechanical outcomes, and can allow for efficient adaptation to various speeds and terrains in users with transtibial amputations.

Download or read book Effectiveness Evaluation and Functional Theoretical Modeling of Dynamic Elastic Response Lower Limb Prosthetics written by Mark Daniel Geil and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Advances in materials technology have brought about a class of prosthetic foot and ankle components for the lower limb amputee, called Dynamic Elastic Response (DER). These components are designed to store energy during the stance phase of gait in a leaf spring keel, and return a portion of the stored energy at the end of stance phase to contribute to the forward progression of the limb. This energy storage and return is designed to partially replace the push-off of active ankle plantarflexor muscles in late stance. Typical subjective responses to DER feet are favorable. However, the majority of research investigations seeking to compare different DER designs have concluded that the feet offer no advantage over a conventional lower limb prosthesis. One goal of this research is to improve upon several of the techniques used in the literature to evaluate DER feet, contributing to a better understanding of their function. The second goal of this research is the complete characterization of the material properties of an existing DER foot with the eventual goal of functional theoretical modeling to serve alternative amputee populations, including the largest patient group of elderly amputees secondary to peripheral vascular disease or diabetic neuropathy. Materials testing was performed on the DER foot in question, the Carbon Copy High Performance (HP), to determine model inputs and to evaluate the errors in the common processing method, inverse dynamics. Results indicated hysteresis in the foot structure not accounted for by inverse dynamics as well as cantilever beam deformation in the anterior of the foot apart from the anatomical ankle joint, another deficiency with the standard approach. A new method is proposed to calculate energy storage and return, utilizing power flow into the proximal foot and out of the distal foot. The method contains several theoretical advantages over existing techniques. Material properties of the foot deformation plates and the surrounding cosmetic foam were quantified and formulated into coefficients appropriate for a rigid-body model. The foot geometry was characterized through a novel set of imaging and processing techniques to enable the accurate representation of geometry in the model.

Download or read book The Mechanical Response and Parametric Optimization of Ankle foot Devices written by Kevin Christopher Smith and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To improve the mobility of lower limb amputees, many modern prosthetic ankle-foot devices utilize a so called energy storing and return (ESAR) design. This allows for elastically stored energy to be returned to the gait cycle as forward propulsion. While ESAR type feet have been well accepted by the prosthetic community, the design and selection of a prosthetic device for a specific individual is often based on clinical feedback rather than engineering design. This is due to an incomplete understanding of the role of prosthetic design characteristics (e.g. stiffness, roll-over shape, etc.) have on the gait pattern of an individual. Therefore, the focus of this work has been to establish a better understanding of the design characteristics of existing prosthetic devices through mechanical testing and the development of a prototype prosthetic foot that has been numerically optimized for a specific gait pattern. The component stiffness, viscous properties, and energy return of commonly prescribed carbon fiber ESAR type feet were evaluated through compression testing with digital image correlation at select loading angles following the idealized gait from the ISO 22675 standard for fatigue testing. A representative model was developed to predict the stress within each of the tested components during loading and to optimize the design for a target loading response through parametric finite element analysis. This design optimization approach, along with rapid prototyping technologies, will allow clinicians to better identify the role the design characteristics of the foot have on an amputee's biomechanics during future gait analysis.

Download or read book Modeling and Fabrication of Prosthetic Sockets Using Selective Laser Sintering written by Mario Carneiro Faustimi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Storing Prosthetic Foot written by Mohamed Kamel Salim and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: