Download or read book Energy Based Topology Optimization of Morphing Wings a Multidisciplinary Global Local Design Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A morphing wing is a multidisciplinary system that includes a shape changing flexible structural subsystem, an active material subsystem that generates the desired shape changes, an electronics subsystem that drives the active materials to achieve the desired shape changes. As opposed to fixed wing structures in which the aerodynamic and structure integration for the entire wing is the most important interaction mechanism, in the case of a morphing wing structure the interaction of the structures and aerodynamics occur in conjunction with the active material and electronic subsystem interactions that involve transfer of energy from a source to the shape changing structure and vice versa.

Download or read book Topology Optimization Based on Morphing Mesh for Simultaneous Component Relocation and Frame Structure Design written by Mahsan Bakhtiarinejad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis research proposes a new topology optimization method based on morphing mesh (TOMM) technique in order to determine the optimal layout of components as well as the frame structure. In this method, two types of design variablesmorphing design variables and topology design variablesare defined for simultaneous design optimization of the components relocation and frame structure topology. Component relocation is enabled using FE Morphing approach, implemented by HyperMesh, on the basis of the SIMP method for compliance minimization of frame structure. Three design cases are studied using TOMM method: a simple cantilever beam design and two aircraft wing designs. The prevalent cantilever beam with a nodal force in the middle of the free end is studied to validate the proposed design methodology. Aircraft wing design cases are intended to obtain the best conceptual design by determining optimal placement of various subsystemscontrol system (flight control, engine control), fuel system, hydraulic system, and structural systemand the supporting frame structure. An advanced systematic design approach is needed for effective packaging of multiple subsystems while satisfying load-carrying performance and minimizing weight for energy efficiency. In the first wing design case, additional constraint on maintaining the weight balance is included and the corresponding design sensitivity is formulated. Then this wing design strategy is extensively applied to the commercial Boeing 757 aircraft wing where TOMM method is combined with the genetic algorithm for global search on component locations. The benefit of using the global search algorithm (genetic algorithm) is discussed in terms of high possibility on finding a global optimum and independency of initial design guess. The results of the TOMM method for simultaneous design optimization of components layout and structural topology have been compared to the classical structural topology optimization without component relocation. It has been proved that the inclusion of component relocation can improve structural performance. The proposed TOMM method will provide innovative design insight for complex modern multi-component structure.

Download or read book Morphing Wing Technologies written by Sergio Ricci and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphing Wings Technologies: Large Commercial Aircraft and Civil Helicopters offers a fresh look at current research on morphing aircraft, including industry design, real manufactured prototypes and certification. This is an invaluable reference for students in the aeronautics and aerospace fields who need an introduction to the morphing discipline, as well as senior professionals seeking exposure to morphing potentialities. Practical applications of morphing devices are presented—from the challenge of conceptual design incorporating both structural and aerodynamic studies, to the most promising and potentially flyable solutions aimed at improving the performance of commercial aircraft and UAVs. Morphing aircraft are multi-role aircraft that change their external shape substantially to adapt to a changing mission environment during flight. The book consists of eight sections as well as an appendix which contains both updates on main systems evolution (skin, structure, actuator, sensor, and control systems) and a survey on the most significant achievements of integrated systems for large commercial aircraft. Provides current worldwide status of morphing technologies, the industrial development expectations, and what is already available in terms of flying systems Offers new perspectives on wing structure design and a new approach to general structural design Discusses hot topics such as multifunctional materials and auxetic materials Presents practical applications of morphing devices

Download or read book Engineering Design Optimization written by Joaquim R. R. A. Martins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on course-tested material, this rigorous yet accessible graduate textbook covers both fundamental and advanced optimization theory and algorithms. It covers a wide range of numerical methods and topics, including both gradient-based and gradient-free algorithms, multidisciplinary design optimization, and uncertainty, with instruction on how to determine which algorithm should be used for a given application. It also provides an overview of models and how to prepare them for use with numerical optimization, including derivative computation. Over 400 high-quality visualizations and numerous examples facilitate understanding of the theory, and practical tips address common issues encountered in practical engineering design optimization and how to address them. Numerous end-of-chapter homework problems, progressing in difficulty, help put knowledge into practice. Accompanied online by a solutions manual for instructors and source code for problems, this is ideal for a one- or two-semester graduate course on optimization in aerospace, civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering departments.

Download or read book Airborne Wind Energy written by Roland Schmehl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-31 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth coverage of the latest research and development activities concerning innovative wind energy technologies intended to replace fossil fuels on an economical basis. A characteristic feature of the various conversion concepts discussed is the use of tethered flying devices to substantially reduce the material consumption per installed unit and to access wind energy at higher altitudes, where the wind is more consistent. The introductory chapter describes the emergence and economic dimension of airborne wind energy. Focusing on “Fundamentals, Modeling & Simulation”, Part I includes six contributions that describe quasi-steady as well as dynamic models and simulations of airborne wind energy systems or individual components. Shifting the spotlight to “Control, Optimization & Flight State Measurement”, Part II combines one chapter on measurement techniques with five chapters on control of kite and ground stations, and two chapters on optimization. Part III on “Concept Design & Analysis” includes three chapters that present and analyze novel harvesting concepts as well as two chapters on system component design. Part IV, which centers on “Implemented Concepts”, presents five chapters on established system concepts and one chapter about a subsystem for automatic launching and landing of kites. In closing, Part V focuses with four chapters on “Technology Deployment” related to market and financing strategies, as well as on regulation and the environment. The book builds on the success of the first volume “Airborne Wind Energy” (Springer, 2013), and offers a self-contained reference guide for researchers, scientists, professionals and students. The respective chapters were contributed by a broad variety of authors: academics, practicing engineers and inventors, all of whom are experts in their respective fields.

Download or read book Parametric and Topology Optimization for Multidisciplinary Design Using a Decomposition Method to Address Nonlinear Boundary Conditions written by Tianliang Yu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinearities frequently appear in the field couplings and/or the boundary conditions in the multidisciplinary problems that are encountered in aerospace system design. Compared to linear analysis, nonlinear analysis involves higher computational costs to determine solutions and gradients. Efficient strategies are critical for multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems, especially for those with nonlinearities. In this thesis, an MDO problem is solved in a hierarchical architecture that comprises two subproblems of optimization, namely discipline-level optimization, and design-level optimization. In the discipline-level optimization, a linearization method is proposed to decompose a multidisciplinary system with nonlinear boundary conditions into multiple subsystems, which can be modeled using systems of coupled linear equations. The multidisciplinary analysis problem the becomes equivalent to an optimization problem that minimizes the discrepancy between the shared boundary variables of each subsystem. In the design-level optimization, both gradient-based and heuristic algorithms can be used with respect to the global design variables subject to design constraints. Two diverse case problems with boundary nonlinearities, which are representative of aeronautical and astronautical applications, are investigated to validate the proposed method. The first case problem is a topology optimization for the design of a contact-aided heat valve structure for spacecraft passive thermal control. The thermal control is implemented based on variable thermal contact resistance (TCR), which depends on the contact pressure at an interface caused by material thermal expansion. The thermal contact resistance is a nonlinear function of the contact pressure; thus, the problem can be modeled as a thermo-mechanical coupled system with nonlinear boundary conditions. The optimization objective is maximizing the performance of the heat valve, which operates to minimize temperature variations of spacecraft electronic devices under different thermal loads. First, a one-dimensional model is developed to validate the feasibility of the thermal control mechanism. Second, a finite element method is formulated to address thermal conduction and thermal expansion of isotropic materials in a design domain of rectangular shape for the two-dimensional model. A topology optimization scheme based on the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) approach is developed to explore the optimal material distribution. Using the proposed linearization method, the nonlinear thermal boundary conditions are transformed into Dirichlet boundary conditions. Then the coupled system can be solved by minimizing the difference of contact pressures computed from the thermal and mechanical systems in the discipline-level optimization. The method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is used to update design variables in the design-level topology optimization. Optimal topologies and corresponding temperature distributions are obtained using input parameters and constraints representing realistic situations. For the "hot" case, in which a uniform heat flux of 50,000W/m2 is input to the top surface, the top surface temperature remains lower than the maximum allowable temperature, 305K, for all optimal designs with material volume fraction higher than 0.2. For both the hot and cold cases, the top surface temperature never drops below the minimum allowable temperature, 275K. Results also show that the convergence of the analysis algorithm is sensitive to the initial guess of the Dirichlet boundary conditions. Although the algorithm lacks robustness for special cases, the linearization method and topology optimization scheme are generally effective for design optimization of the contact-aided heat valve structure. The second case problem is a parametric optimization for the design of a bimorph piezoelectric-driven synthetic jet actuator (SJA). SJAs are zero-net-mass-flux actuators which create non-zero-net momentum flux via periodic suction and ejection of fluid through an orifice. Resonant piezoelectric-diaphragm-type SJAs have been studied recently, yet the modeling remains a challenge due to the complexities and nonlinearities associated with both electro-elastic and fluid-structure couplings. The ultimate design objective is maximizing the time-averaged jet momentum. Lumped-element modeling has shown good capability to predict jet momentum but lacks accuracy for high-amplitude nonlinear response. Finite element methods yield accurate predictions but are computationally costly for design and optimization purposes. In this thesis, a low-order model is developed to capture electro-elastic and acoustic-structure couplings with adequate accuracy. In the initial approach, by matching the diaphragm mechanical resonance frequency with the cavity acoustic resonance frequency, the performance of optimal SJA design is determined by optimizing the structural proxies of the jet, such as blocking pressure and free displacement. An electro-elastic assumed-modes model is implemented to study the transverse motion of the piezoelectric diaphragms. In the improved approach, the performance of the jet is studied directly by coupling the electro-elastic model to a simplified cavity acoustic model, which is a one-degree-of-freedom spring-mass system. The linearity of the system is determined by the damping force associated with jet velocity. If the damping force is linear with velocity, the system is linear, and vice versa. For the case of a nonlinear jet damping force, a linearization method is implemented in a way that approximates the nonlinear periodic responses by the superposition of finite numbers of linear responses at odd harmonics of the driving frequency using truncated Fourier series. Therefore, the nonlinear viscous damping boundary condition can be transformed into Neumann boundary conditions at each odd harmonic frequency. The response of the nonlinear electro-elastic-acoustic coupled system can be solved using systems of linear equations at each of these frequencies. Then the discipline-level optimization minimizes the difference of the viscous damping forces obtained from the initial guess of the boundary conditions and the solutions of the coupled system equations. In the design-level optimization, a parametric optimization scheme based on a particle swarm optimization approach maximizes the time-averaged jet momentum. Optimal configurations based on the optimization results are obtained based on both linear and nonlinear models. For the linear model, the optimal design has a short-circuit resonance frequency of 1332 Hz, and an acoustic resonance frequency of 551 Hz. For the nonlinear model, the optimal design has a short-circuit resonance frequency of 1523 Hz, and an acoustic resonance frequency of 725 Hz. Although the optimal designs are different using linear and nonlinear models, both results show similar patterns, among them that the structural resonance frequency does not match but exceeds the acoustic resonance frequency. Using the nonlinear model, the best performance is found in the optimal configuration using PZT8, which has a driving frequency of 1270 Hz, a jet velocity of 390 m/s, a jet momentum flux of 4.79 m4/s2 driven at 10% of the material's coercive field. The linearization method and parametric optimization scheme are generally effective for the design optimization of the piezoelectric-driven synthetic jet actuators. Both case studies generally validate the feasibility of the proposed method for practical aerospace system designs.

Download or read book IUTAM Symposium on Topological Design Optimization of Structures Machines and Materials written by Martin Philip Bendsoe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-03 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers edited papers presented at the IUTAM-Symposium Topological design optimization of structures, machines and materials - status and perspectives, October 2005. The papers cover the application of topological design optimization to fluid-solid interaction problems, acoustics problems, and to problems in biomechanics, as well as to other multiphysics problems. Also in focus are new basic modelling paradigms, covering new geometry modelling such as level-set methods and topological derivatives.

Download or read book Advances in Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization written by Axel Schumacher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 2101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume includes papers from the WSCMO conference in Braunschweig 2017 presenting research of all aspects of the optimal design of structures as well as multidisciplinary design optimization where the involved disciplines deal with the analysis of solids, fluids or other field problems. Also presented are practical applications of optimization methods and the corresponding software development in all branches of technology.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics written by Holm Altenbach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-01-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials.

Download or read book Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures SARISTU written by Piet Christof Wölcken and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-04 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book includes the research papers presented in the final conference of the EU funded SARISTU (Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures) project, held at Moscow, Russia between 19-21 of May 2015. The SARISTU project, which was launched in September 2011, developed and tested a variety of individual applications as well as their combinations. With a strong focus on actual physical integration and subsequent material and structural testing, SARISTU has been responsible for important progress on the route to industrialization of structure integrated functionalities such as Conformal Morphing, Structural Health Monitoring and Nanocomposites. The gap- and edge-free deformation of aerodynamic surfaces known as conformal morphing has gained previously unrealized capabilities such as inherent de-icing, erosion protection and lightning strike protection, while at the same time the technological risk has been greatly reduced. Individual structural health monitoring techniques can now be applied at the part-manufacturing level rather than via extending an aircraft’s time in the final assembly line. And nanocomposites no longer lose their improved properties when trying to upscale from neat resin testing to full laminate testing at element level. As such, this book familiarizes the reader with the most significant develo pments, achievements and key technological steps which have been made possible through the four-year long cooperation of 64 leading entities from 16 different countries with the financial support of the European Commission.

Download or read book Shape Optimization Problems written by Hideyuki Azegami and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides theories on non-parametric shape optimization problems, systematically keeping in mind readers with an engineering background. Non-parametric shape optimization problems are defined as problems of finding the shapes of domains in which boundary value problems of partial differential equations are defined. In these problems, optimum shapes are obtained from an arbitrary form without any geometrical parameters previously assigned. In particular, problems in which the optimum shape is sought by making a hole in domain are called topology optimization problems. Moreover, a problem in which the optimum shape is obtained based on domain variation is referred to as a shape optimization problem of domain variation type, or a shape optimization problem in a limited sense. Software has been developed to solve these problems, and it is being used to seek practical optimum shapes. However, there are no books explaining such theories beginning with their foundations. The structure of the book is shown in the Preface. The theorems are built up using mathematical results. Therefore, a mathematical style is introduced, consisting of definitions and theorems to summarize the key points. This method of expression is advanced as provable facts are clearly shown. If something to be investigated is contained in the framework of mathematics, setting up a theory using theorems prepared by great mathematicians is thought to be an extremely effective approach. However, mathematics attempts to heighten the level of abstraction in order to understand many things in a unified fashion. This characteristic may baffle readers with an engineering background. Hence in this book, an attempt has been made to provide explanations in engineering terms, with examples from mechanics, after accurately denoting the provable facts using definitions and theorems.

Download or read book Optimization of Structural Topology Shape and Material written by Martin P. Bendsoe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, the possibilities of structural optimization were restricted to an optimal choice of profiles and shape. Further improvement can be obtained by selecting appropriate advanced materials and by optimizing the topology, i.e. finding the best position and arrangement of structural elements within a construction. The optimization of structural topology permits the use of optimization algorithms at a very early stage of the design process. The method presented in this book has been developed by Martin Bendsoe in cooperation with other researchers and can be considered as one of the most effective approaches to the optimization of layout and material design.

Download or read book Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics written by Bernhard Stoevesandt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-04 with total page 1495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides both a comprehensive overview and deep insights on the state-of-the-art methods used in wind turbine aerodynamics, as well as their advantages and limits. The focus of this work is specifically on wind turbines, where the aerodynamics are different from that of other fields due to the turbulent wind fields they face and the resultant differences in structural requirements. It gives a complete picture of research in the field, taking into account the different approaches which are applied. This book would be useful to professionals, academics, researchers and students working in the field.

Download or read book Fundamentals of High Lift for Future Civil Aircraft written by Rolf Radespiel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the latest numerical and experimental findings in the field of high-lift technologies. It covers interdisciplinary research subjects relating to scientific computing, aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, material sciences, aircraft structures, and flight mechanics. The respective chapters are based on papers presented at the Final Symposium of the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 880, which was held on December 17-18, 2019 in Braunschweig, Germany. The conference and the research presented here were partly supported by the CRC 880 on “Fundamentals of High Lift for Future Civil Aircraft,” funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation). The papers offer timely insights into high-lift technologies for short take-off and landing aircraft, with a special focus on aeroacoustics, efficient high-lift, flight dynamics, and aircraft design.

Download or read book On Subscale Flight Testing written by Alejandro Sobron and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-05 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Downscaled physical models, also referred to as subscale models, have played an essential role in the investigation of the complex physics of flight until the recent disruption of numerical simulation. Despite the fact that improvements in computational methods are slowly pushing experimental techniques towards a secondary role as verification or calibration tools, real-world testing of physical prototypes still provides an unmatched confidence. Physical models are very effective at revealing issues that are sometimes not correctly identified in the virtual domain, and hence can be a valuable complement to other design tools. But traditional wind-tunnel testing cannot always meet all of the requirements of modern aeronautical research and development. It is nowadays too expensive to use these scarce facilities to explore different design iterations during the initial stages of aircraft development, or to experiment with new and immature technologies. Testing of free-flight subscale models, referred to as Subscale Flight Testing (SFT), could offer an affordable and low-risk alternative for complementing conventional techniques with both qualitative and quantitative information. The miniaturisation of mechatronic systems, the advances in rapid-prototyping techniques and power storage, as well as new manufacturing methods, currently enable the development of sophisticated test objects at scales that were impractical some decades ago. Moreover, the recent boom in the commercial drone industry has driven a quick development of specialised electronics and sensors, which offer nowadays surprising capabilities at competitive prices. These recent technological disruptions have significantly altered the cost-benefit function of SFT and it is necessary to re-evaluate its potential in the contemporary aircraft development context. This thesis aims to increase the comprehension and knowledge of the SFT method in order to define a practical framework for its use in aircraft design; focusing on low-cost, short-time solutions that don’t require more than a small organization and few resources. This objective is approached from a theoretical point of view by means of an analysis of the physical and practical limitations of the scaling laws; and from an empirical point of view by means of field experiments aimed at identifying practical needs for equipment, methods, and tools. A low-cost data acquisition system is developed and tested; a novel method for semi-automated flight testing in small airspaces is proposed; a set of tools for analysis and visualisation of flight data is presented; and it is also demonstrated that it is possible to explore and demonstrate new technology using SFT with a very limited amount of economic and human resources. All these, together with a theoretical review and contextualisation, contribute to increasing the comprehension and knowledge of the SFT method in general, and its potential applications in aircraft conceptual design in particular.

Download or read book Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis with Case Studies from the Aerospace and Automotive Industries written by Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis: With Case Studies from the Aerospace and Automotive Industries provides a thorough understanding of the reasons materials fail in certain situations, covering important scenarios, including material defects, mechanical failure as a result of improper design, corrosion, surface fracture, and other environmental causes. The book begins with a general overview of materials failure analysis and its importance, and then logically proceeds from a discussion of the failure analysis process, types of failure analysis, and specific tools and techniques, to chapters on analysis of materials failure from various causes. Later chapters feature a selection of newer examples of failure analysis cases in such strategic industrial sectors as aerospace, oil & gas, and chemicals. Covers the most common types of materials failure, analysis, and possible solutions Provides the most up-to-date and balanced coverage of failure analysis, combining foundational knowledge, current research on the latest developments, and innovations in the field Ideal accompaniment for those interested in materials forensic investigation, failure of materials, static failure analysis, dynamic failure analysis, fatigue life prediction, rotorcraft, failure prediction, fatigue crack propagation, bevel pinion failure, gasketless flange, thermal barrier coatings Presents compelling new case studies from key industries to demonstrate concepts Highlights the role of site conditions, operating conditions at the time of failure, history of equipment and its operation, corrosion product sampling, metallurgical and electrochemical factors, and morphology of failure

Download or read book Autonomous Horizons written by Greg Zacharias and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Greg Zacharias, former Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force (2015-18), explores next steps in autonomous systems (AS) development, fielding, and training. Rapid advances in AS development and artificial intelligence (AI) research will change how we think about machines, whether they are individual vehicle platforms or networked enterprises. The payoff will be considerable, affording the US military significant protection for aviators, greater effectiveness in employment, and unlimited opportunities for novel and disruptive concepts of operations. Autonomous Horizons: The Way Forward identifies issues and makes recommendations for the Air Force to take full advantage of this transformational technology.