Download or read book Endo symbiotic Methanogenic Archaea written by Johannes H. P. Hackstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-04 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated monograph deals with methanogenic endosymbionts of anaerobic protists, in particular ciliates and termite flagellates, and with methanogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of vertebrates and arthropods. Further chapters discuss the genomic consequences of living together in symbiotic associations, the role of methanogens in syntrophic degradation, and the function and evolution of hydrogenosomes, hydrogen-producing organelles of certain anaerobic protists. Methanogens are prokaryotic microorganisms that produce methane as an end-product of a complex biochemical pathway. They are strictly anaerobic archaea and occupy a wide variety of anoxic environments. Methanogens also thrive in the cytoplasm of anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes and in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. The symbiotic methanogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants and other “methanogenic” mammals contribute significantly to the global methane budget; especially the rumen hosts an impressive diversity of methanogens. This makes this updated volume an interesting read for scientists and students in Microbiology and Physiology.
Download or read book Endo symbiotic Methanogenic Archaea written by Johannes H.P. Hackstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated monograph deals with methanogenic endosymbionts of anaerobic protists, in particular ciliates and termite flagellates, and with methanogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of vertebrates and arthropods. Further chapters discuss the genomic consequences of living together in symbiotic associations, the role of methanogens in syntrophic degradation, and the function and evolution of hydrogenosomes, hydrogen-producing organelles of certain anaerobic protists. Methanogens are prokaryotic microorganisms that produce methane as an end-product of a complex biochemical pathway. They are strictly anaerobic archaea and occupy a wide variety of anoxic environments. Methanogens also thrive in the cytoplasm of anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes and in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. The symbiotic methanogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants and other “methanogenic” mammals contribute significantly to the global methane budget; especially the rumen hosts an impressive diversity of methanogens. This makes this updated volume an interesting read for scientists and students in Microbiology and Physiology.
Download or read book Endosymbiotic methanogenic bacteria in anaerobic ciliates written by T. Fenchel and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Symbiotic Interactions Among Protists Archaea and Bacteria in Low Oxygen Environments written by Marissa Brett Hirst and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the natural world, most bacteria, archaea, and microbial eukaryotes live in close association with other microbes, and are often key symbiotic residents in protists (single-celled microbial eukaryotes excluding fungi) as well as multicellular eukaryotic hosts. Symbiosis, or "the living together of unlike organisms," has been a major driving force in shaping the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Partnerships between eukaryotes and microorganisms are important because they have a wide taxonomic distribution across the tree of life, suggesting that symbioses play an essential role in the evolution of the species involved. Symbiosis-specific genes, pathways, and structures have also been identified, which are a direct result of evolution favoring the maintenance of the partnership. Lastly, microorganisms make up the greatest biomass and are also responsible for the most complex biochemical reactions on Earth, which makes symbioses between microbes and eukaryotes crucial for driving the evolution of communities. One common misconception regarding microbial eukaryotes is that they are absent from anaerobic environments, but in fact, they are common in a variety of anaerobic habitats including tidal marshes, microbial mats, anoxic marine basins, and the guts of many animals. Although the eukaryotic lineage of the tree of life is primarily composed of single-celled microbial eukaryotes, little is known about free-living protists (with the exception of pathogens). The second chapter of this dissertation focuses on a successful, new method used to describe the diversity of protists in diverse environments by linking culture-independent small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequencing to the morphology of protists. Anaerobic environments are habitats that are strongly influenced by microbially-mediated, symbiosis driven biogeochemical cycling. Many microorganisms cannot perform anaerobic respiration, but instead, ferment organic acids and generate ATP in the process. In anaerobic habitats; however, a single fermenting microbe cannot completely catabolize carbon substrates to carbon dioxide without the concerted activity with other microbial anaerobes. In this regard, one microbe lives off of the byproducts of another microorganism and neither microbe could survive on its own. This type of mutualism is known as syntrophy and is a thermodynamically interdependent lifestyle. One environment in which anaerobic microbial eukaryotes are prevalent and have intimate partnerships with bacteria and archaea, is the cow rumen. Rumen ciliates ferment organic acids to acetate or other volatile fatty acids while producing ATP and generating carbon dioxide and dihydrogen. Fermentation by rumen ciliates is an endergonic reaction in the rumen, but becomes exergonic when it is coupled to methanogenesis. Methanogens utilize carbon dioxide as a carbon source and dihydrogen as an energy source; the coupling of fermentation and methanogenesis is known as "interspecies hydrogen transfer" (IHT). IHT is known to occur between free-living methanogens and rumen ciliates, but a syntrophic symbiosis between ciliates and methanogens has not been confirmed in the literature. The third chapter of this dissertation identifies and describes the underlying metabolism of the first two putative, obligate, endosymbiotic methanogenic archaea in ciliates using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), metagenomic sequencing, assembly, and annotation, and rRNA-targeted fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Lastly, symbioses between bacteria in anaerobic environments can drive cycling in anoxic marine environments, and in particular Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs). In suboxic waters and OMZs specifically, denitrification (conversion of nitrate to dinitrogen) is limited by the diffusive flux of nitrate from water into the overlying sediments; however, the production of dinitrogen occurs below these limits, suggesting that an alternative, microbiologically driven metabolic process may be responsible for the loss of nitrogen from OMZs. Anammox bacteria are present in OMZs and gain valuable free energy by reducing ammonium to nitrite while producing dinitrogen (NO3− [arrow right] NO2− [arrow right] NH4+). In addition, Thioploca (macroscopic bacteria) are found in OMZs, and are chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxiding proteobacteria that glide vertically through marine sediments. Thioploca couples sulfide oxidation with dissimilatory nitrate/nitrite reduction at depth (NO3− + H2S + H2O [arrow right] SO4−2 + NH4+) but also converts large stores of nitrate to nitrite and generates elemental sulfur that it stores in vacuoles within its cells (NO3− + H2S [arrow right] NO2− + S0 + H2O). Based on geochemical and isotopic observations, a symbiosis between anammox bacteria and Thioploca was hypothesized to be the driving force behind the loss of dinitrogen from marine sediments underlying OMZs. The last chapter of this dissertation provides molecular (SSU rRNA sequence data), microscopic data (rRNA-targeted FISH), and isotopic evidence supporting the hypothesis that there is a symbiosis between Thioploca and anammox bacteria, responsible for upwards of 20% nitrogen loss from OMZs.
Download or read book Protocols in Protozoology written by John J. Lee and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1992 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a manual of protocols for working with protozoa with chapters written by experts in the study of various protozoa (both free living and parasitic). It is one of the few sources for media and isolation techniques for these organisms. The format allows removal of pages for photocopy for use as teaching or bench laboratory aids. Major sections include chapters related to isolation, cultivation, and cryopreservation of protozoa; ecological methods; fixation, staining, light and electron microscopic techniques for protozoa; molecular analysis of protozoa; and educational experiments and demonstrations using protozoa.
Download or read book Biogenesis of Hydrocarbons written by Alfons J. M. Stams and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the microbiological, environmental and biotechnological aspects of alkane production. Alkanes are important energy-rich compounds on earth. Microbial synthesis of methane and other alkanes is an essential part of the geochemical cycling of carbon and offers perspectives for our biobased economy. This book discusses different aspects of current knowledge of microbial alkane production. Chapters with state of the art information are written by renowned scientists in the field. The chapters are organised into four themed parts:1. Biochemistry of Biogenesis - Hydrocarbons2. Taxonomy, Ecophysiology and Genomics of Biogenesis - Hydrocarbons3. Biogenic Communities: Members, Functional Roles4. Global Consequences of Methane Production
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Archaea 2022 written by Marleen van Wolferen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-18 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their identification four decades ago, Archaea have proven to be a continuous source of exciting discoveries, contributing to the characterization of their unique molecular mechanisms, metabolisms, phylogeny, and cell biology. These discoveries have revealed the importance that Archaea play in ecology, biotechnology and the human microbiome. In addition, they highlighted the key position that Archaea occupy in the tree of life, bringing us closer to elucidating the origin and early forms of life. Despite these important findings and the larger audience that Archaea have consequently gained, much remains unexplored. Thanks to the recent and ongoing developments in the field, technical limitations at the often-extreme archaeal growth conditions are being resolved, allowing archaeal researchers to answer open and upcoming questions. This promises exciting new findings in the near future that will continue to build on our understanding of the various fields of archaeal biology.
Download or read book Microbial Symbionts written by Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-09-25 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Symbionts: Functions and Molecular Interactions on Host focuses on microbial symbionts of plants, animals, insects and molecular methods in the identification of microbial symbionts. The book describes the molecular mechanism and interactions of symbiosis of microbiome in plants, animals and humans. It brings the latest techniques for identification, localization and functional characterization of host-associated microbes and explains the role/importance of microbial symbionts. This comprehensive reference covers a wide range of symbiotic microorganisms used for basic and advanced techniques associated with the isolation, characterization and identification of microbial symbiotic microorganisms and their functions and molecular interactions on the host. The book will also helps users plan and execute experiments with appropriate knowledge rather than experimental trial and error in a wide range of disciplines, including Microbiology, Biotechnology, Botany and Zoology. Provides basic knowledge and working protocols for a wide range of disciplines like Microbiology, Biotechnology, Botany and Zoology Presents the most current information in symbiotic microbiome and holobiome Includes color photos pertaining to techniques
Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea
Download or read book Ecology of Protozoa written by Genoveva F. Esteban and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book emphasises the important role that protozoa play in many natural ecosystems. To shed new light on their individual adaptive skills, the respective chapters examine the ecology and functional biology of this diverse group of eukaryotic microbes. Protozoa are well-established model organisms that exemplify many general problems in population ecology and community ecology, as well as evolutionary biology. Their particular characteristics, like large population sizes, life cycles and motile sensory behaviour, have a profound impact on their survival, distribution, and interaction with other species. Thus, readers will also be introduced to protozoan habitats in a broad range of environments. Even though this group of unicellular organisms is highly diverse, the authors focus on shared ecological patterns. Students and scientists working in the areas of eukaryotic microbiology and ecology will appreciate this updated and revised 2nd Edition as a valuable reference guide to the “lifestyles” of protozoa.
Download or read book The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem written by P.N. Hobson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Preface to the first edition of this book explained the reasons for the publication of a comprehensive text on the rumen and rumen microbes in 1988. The microbes of the ruminant's forestomach and those in related organs in other animals and birds provide the means by which herbivorous animals can digest and obtain nutriment from vegetation. In turn, humans have relied, and still do rely, on herbivores for much of their food, clothing and motive power. Herbivores also form the food of carnivorous animals and birds in the wild. The importance of the rumen microorganisms is thus apparent. But, while a knowledge of rumen organisms is not strictly neces sary for the normal, practical feeding of farm animals, in recent years there has been much more emphasis on increasing the productivity of domesti cated animals and in rearing farm animals on unusual feedstuffs. Here, a knowledge of the reactions of the rumen flora, and the limits to these reactions, can be invaluable. In addition, anaerobic rumen-type microor ganisms are found in the intestines of omnivores, including humans, and can be implicated in diseases of humans and animals. They are also found in soils and natural waters, where they playa part in causing pollution and also in reducing it, while the same organisms confined in artificial systems are essential for the purification of sewage and other polluting and toxic wastes.
Download or read book Intra and inter species interactions in microbial communities written by Luis Raul Comolli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in various “OMICs” fields have revolutionized our understanding of the vast diversity and ubiquity of microbes in the biosphere. However, most of the current paradigms of microbial cell biology, and our view of how microbes live and what they are capable of, are derived from in vitro experiments on isolated strains. Even the co-culturing of mixed species to interrogate community behavior is relatively new. But the majority of microorganisms lives in complex communities in natural environments, under varying conditions, and often cannot be cultivated. Unless we obtain a detailed understanding of the near-native 3D ultrastructure of individual community members, the 3D spatial community organization, their metabolic interdependences, coordinated gene expression and the spatial organization of their macromolecular machines inventories as well as their communication strategies, we won’t be able to truly understand microbial community life. How spatial and also temporal organization in cell–cell interactions are achieved remains largely elusive. For example, a key question in microbial ecology is what mechanisms microbes employ to respond when faced with prey, competitors or predators, and changes in external factors. Specifically, to what degree do bacterial cells in biofilms act individually or with coordinated responses? What are the spatial extent and coherence of coordinated responses? In addition, networks linking organisms across a dynamic range of physical constraints and connections should provide the basis for linked evolutionary changes under pressure from a changing environment. Therefore, we need to investigate microbial responses to altered or adverse environmental conditions (including phages, predators, and competitors) and their macromolecular, metabolic responses according to their spatial organization. We envision a diverse set of tools, including optical, spectroscopical, chemical and ultrastructural imaging techniques that will be utilized to address questions regarding e.g. intra- and inter-organism interactions linked to ultrastructure, and correlated adaptive responses in gene expression, physiological and metabolic states as a consequence of the alterations of their environment. Clearly strategies for co-evolution and in general the display of adaptive strategies of a microbial network as a response to the altered environment are of high interest. While a special focus will be placed on terrestrial sole-species or mixed biofilms, we are also interested in aquatic systems, biofilms in general and microbes living in symbiosis. In this Research Topic, we wish to summarize and review results investigating interactions and possibly networks between microbes of the same or different species, their co-occurrence, as well as spatiotemporal patterns of distribution. Our goal is to include a broad spectrum of experimental and theoretical contributions, from research and review articles to hypothesis and theory, aiming at understanding microbial interactions at a systems level.
Download or read book Biotechnology for Sustainable Environment written by Sanket J. Joshi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-01 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the most recent advances from leading experts in the burgeoning field of environmental biotechnology. The contributing chapters adopt a multidisciplinary approach related to environmental aspects of agriculture, industry, pharmaceutical sciences and drug developments from plant and microbial sources, biochemical chemical techniques/methods/protocols involved in different areas of environmental biotechnology. Book also highlights recent advancements, newly emerging technologies, and thought provoking approaches from different parts of the world. It also discusses potential future prospects associated with some frontier development of biotechnological research related to the environment. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, biotechnologists, capacity builders and policymakers, and will serve as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of biotechnology, microbiology and environmental sciences.
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Symbiosis written by Jörg Overmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-28 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symbiotic associations involving prokaryotes occur ubiquitously and are ecologically highly significant. In symbiotic associations, co-evolution of the partner organisms has led to specific mechanisms of signal exchange and reciprocal regulation, and resulted in novel physiological capabilities of the association as compared to those of the individual partners. Symbiosis research has recently entered an exciting era because molecular biology techniques are available for studying partner organisms in association and in a culture-independent manner. It is the goal of this book to contribute towards a broader perspective and an understanding of the function of symbiotic systems. 14 different model systems have been chosen, comprising well known symbioses as well as novel experimental systems which have only recently become amenable to experimental manipulation.
Download or read book Advances in Applied Microbiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-28 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Applied Microbiology continues to be one of the most widely read and authoritative review sources in microbiology, containing comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas, including protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes, the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays, and the role of polyamines in bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Eclectic volumes are supplemented by thematic volumes on various topics, including Archaea and sick building syndrome. Contains contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Includes discussions on protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes, the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays, and more
Download or read book Symbiosis written by Joseph Seckbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symbiosis is the fourth volume in the series Cellular Origin and Life in Extreme Habitats (COLE). Fifty experts, from over a dozen countries, review their current studies on different approaches to these phenomena. The chapters present various aspects of symbiosis from gene transfer, morphological features, and biodiversity to individual organisms sharing mutual cellular habitats. The origin of the eukaryotic phase is discussed with emphasis on cyanelles, H syntrophy, N2 fixation, and S-based symbiosis (as well as the origin of mitochondrion, chloroplast, and nucleus). All members of the three domains of life are presented for sharing symbiotic associations. This volume brings the concept of living together as `One plus One (plus One) equals One.' The purpose of this book is to introduce the teacher, researcher, scholar, and student as well as the open-minded and science-oriented reader to the global importance of this association.
Download or read book Molecular and functional ecology of aquatic microbial symbionts written by Hans-Peter Grossart and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing provided
