Download or read book Encyclopaedia of Afghanistan Afghanistan customs and traditions written by S. Ram and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Afghanistan written by S. Ram and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Afghanistan Land and people Vol 2 Customs and tradition Vol 3 Kingship in Afghanistan Vol 4 Communist rule in Afghanistan Vol 5 Taliban and Muslim fundamentalism Vol 6 US war on terrorism in Afghanistan and aftermath written by P. Bajpai and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Afghanistan Culture Smart written by Nazes Afroz and published by Kuperard. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afghanistan is situated at the crossroads of Asia, a strategically important location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Down the ages it has been subjected to continuous foreign invasion and intervention—from Alexander the Great to Genghis Khan, and as a pawn in the struggle between the British and Russian Empires—making its people wary of outsiders. That history is being repeated in the twenty-first century. Afghanistan has always been seen from the outside as a realm of much intrigue and many myths. The Afghans tried to keep their distance from the outside world—especially from the Europeans who, whether in pursuit of imperial goals or simply as explorer&–travelers, attempted to enter and traverse the land. Their very elusiveness attracted Westerners to this landlocked country of high mountains and breathtaking beauty, where age-old customs and traditions were zealously guarded, sometimes at the cost of many lives. The Afghan people are a tapestry of ethnicities woven over time—Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, and many smaller ones. Society is organized mainly along ethnic and tribal lines, but ethnic identity becomes irrelevant when a common enemy threatens to take control of the country. There are also many shared values and unwritten codes of conduct that govern interpersonal relations, which are not taken lightly. Visitors are struck by the simplicity, hospitability, dignity, and generosity of the Afghan people, and often confounded by customs that they find hard to understand. Culture Smart! Afghanistan is a unique introduction to the background, habits, traditions, idiosyncrasies, suspicions about foreigners, and patterns of behavior of the Afghan people. It offers visitors invaluable information and insights that will help them to interact with Afghans, to interpret their behavior, and to behave appropriately in their company, whether in personal or business exchanges. Once the ice is broken, the rewards will be great.
Download or read book Afghanistan 101 written by Ehsan M. Entezar and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2008-01-04 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afghanistan 101 is an introduction to Afghan culture. More specifically, this dimensional analysis discusses Power Distance (PD), Uncertainty Avoidance (UA), Individualism (IND), and Masculinity (MAS) in the Afghan national culture. These dimensions are based on the work of the well-known Dutch anthropologist Geert Hofestede. The manifestations of these cultural dimensions explain the attitudes and actions of Afghans. Each chapter on dimensions also includes a section where the implications of a particular dimension are pointed out to the Westerner working in Afghanistan. Power Distance, the first dimension of culture, describes the relationship between a less powerful person and a more powerful one. As Afghanistan is on the high side of PD, social power is coercive in Afghanistan. One comes to power by force and is ousted by force; wealth and power are inseparable; decision making is autocratic and consultative; expert power does not carry much weight; age and charisma are important; and in Afghanistan, it is the authority of the person rather than the authority of position or rule that counts most. Uncertainty avoidance, the second dimension, involves dealing with fear and ambiguity—fear of nature, fear of other men, and fear of the supernatural. UA is negatively related to PD. A high PD society is on the low side of UA. Cultures use three methods to deal with fear and ambiguity: law, technology, and religion. Being on the low side of UA, Afghans rely heavily on Islam to reduce fear and uncertainty because they cannot rely on technology or the rule of law. The fundamental religious beliefs that help Afghans cope with fear and uncertainty are (1) life in this world temporary, (2) the source of both good and evil is God, and (3) God is just and will punish the oppressors and evil-doers in this world and in the next. Individualism versus collectivism, the third dimension of culture, relates to the relationship of an individual to a collectivity. In nonindividualistic societies such as Afghanistan, one’s loyalty and devotion is first and foremost to the family, ethnic or other collectivity, rather than to the country as a whole. Such loyalties are characteristic of nonnation-states, and are best explained as “Afghan nationalism” that is based on ethnicity, sect, region, and ideology. Afghanistan is not and has never been a nation-state. In a nation-state, people rally around the constitution, the flag, the national anthem, and other such symbols instead of their ethnicity, sect, region, ideology, and so on. Furthermore, a nation-state is based on the rule of law, checks and balances, human rights, freedom of the press, political parties, free and fair elections, accountability, and transparency. The concept of a nation-state is a Western phenomenon, although the roots of a nation-state are deep in some Islamic countries, shallow in others, and nonexistent in others. Turkey, the first Islamic country to have become a nation-state, falls into the first category whereas Afghanistan, into the last. For Afghanistan to move in the direction of becoming a nation-state, some type of federalism may be the only way to prevent further ethnic conflict and another civil war. Masculinity, the fourth dimension of culture, describes the degree to which there is a gender gap within a culture. Afghanistan is on the high side of MAS. As such, sex roles are set in the family and are reinforced in the schools, workplace, and other social organizations. In general, males are taught to be assertive and females, nurturing. In Afghan society, male assertiveness generally involves aggressiveness, bravery, endurance, leadership, power, dominance, and independence. Female nurturance, on the other hand, is characterized by submissiveness, patience, tenderness, and affection. It is Islamic fundamentalism and Afghan cultural tradition, rather than mainstream Islam, that limits the rights
Download or read book Culture and Customs of Afghanistan written by Hafizullah Emadi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2005-06-30 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afghanistan has been at the crossroads of many cultures and civilizations, occupying a unique place in the cultural geography of Central Asia. Invading tribes and armies passed through ancient Afghanistan and left their imprint on the culture, customs, and way of life there. In recent history, Afghanistan has been the focus of international attention since the Soviet invasion and occupation of 1979-1989, the brutal civil war that ensued, and the subsequent U.S. invasion to topple the Taliban regime. As the country struggles to stabilize and rebuild, this volume is the first to reveal the people and ways of life that have been in flux for so long. Emadi brings an insider's knowledge and authority to the accessible narrative. Students and general readers will find a clear explanation of the land, people, economy, social stratification, and history as context for the chapters that follow. In the chapter on Religion and Religious Thought, the predominant Islamic religion is largely intertwined with political events that have brought Afghanistan such attention. The lesser-known literature and the arts are brought to light next. A strong Architecture, Housing, and Settlements chapter highlights many styles unfamiliar to most Westerners. Coverage of Afghan cooking and cuisine brings a more intimate understanding of the culture. The chapter on Family, Women, and Gender will draw readers in with its survey of how the family works, what is expected of women, and what courtship, marriage, childrearing, and education are like today. A standout of the Festivals and Leisure Activities chapter is the vivid rendering of the sport called Buzkashi, where men on horseback vie to move an animal carcass across a field to a goal. A final chapter on Lifestyles, Media, and Education describes the urban vs. rural lifestyles, the state of communications, and the prospects for schooling post Taliban. A country map, glossary, resource guide, and photos complement the text.
Download or read book Afghanistan written by Erinn Banting and published by Crabtree Publishing Company. This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text and photos show how the people of Afghanistan, a predominantly Muslim country, celebrate holidays and festivals, using art, music, dance, and stories.
Download or read book Culture and Customs of Afghanistan written by Hafizullah Emadi and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2005-06-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provide an in-depth overview of the resilient people of Afghanistan and their ways of life as they emerge from decades of war and civil strife.
Download or read book Afghanistan Culture Smart written by Nazes Afroz and published by . This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afghanistan is situated at the crossroads of Asia, a strategically important location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Down the ages it has been subjected to continuous foreign invasion and intervention--from Alexander the Great to Genghis Khan, and as a pawn in the struggle between the British and Russian Empires--making its people wary of outsiders. That history is being repeated in the twenty-first century. Afghanistan has always been seen from the outside as a realm of much intrigue and many myths. The Afghans tried to keep their distance from the outside world--especially from the Europeans who, whether in pursuit of imperial goals or simply as explorer-travelers, attempted to enter and traverse the land. Their very elusiveness attracted Westerners to this landlocked country of high mountains and breathtaking beauty, where age-old customs and traditions were zealously guarded, sometimes at the cost of many lives. The Afghan people are a tapestry of ethnicities woven over time--Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, and many smaller ones. Society is organized mainly along ethnic and tribal lines, but ethnic identity becomes irrelevant when a common enemy threatens to take control of the country. There are also many shared values and unwritten codes of conduct that govern interpersonal relations, which are not taken lightly. Visitors are struck by the simplicity, hospitability, dignity, and generosity of the Afghan people, and often confounded by customs that they find hard to understand. "Culture Smart! Afghanistan" is a unique introduction to the background, habits, traditions, idiosyncrasies, suspicions about foreigners, and patterns of behavior of the Afghan people. It offers visitors invaluable information and insights that will help them to interact with Afghans, to interpret their behavior, and to behave appropriately in their company, whether in personal or business exchanges. Once the ice is broken, the rewards will be great.
Download or read book Encyclopaedia of Afghanistan written by P. Bajpai and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afghanistan Emerged As Separate Kingdom In Mid-18Th Century Under Ahmed Shah Abdali (Durrani), One Of The Mighty Commanders Of Nadir Shah Of Persia. Despite Foreign Interventions, Various Ups And Downs, Feudal And Tribal Conflicts As Well As Frequent Violence Between The Numerous Segments Of Power Structure Afghanistan Has Continued As A Geo-Political Entity Till To Date. In Demographic Sense Afghanistan Is A Plural, Multi-Ethnic And Multi-Lingual Country. Pashtuns Or Pathans Constitute The Majority Of The People Of Afghanistan Other Major Ethnic Groups Being Hazaras, Tadjiks, Uzbeks, Uigurs And Nuristanis. Islam, Sunni Of The Hanafi Sect Is The State Religion To Which More Than 90% Of The People Adhere, The Remaining Being Shias.The Main Language Spoken Is Pushtu, And Second Important Language Is Dari, A Derivative Of Persian.Afghanistan Has Been An Area Of Imperial Ambitions And Competition Throughout Medieval And Modern History. Great Game Of Competition Is Being Played Between Western Democracies Led By The Us On The One Hand And Other Fundamentalist Groups On The Other.After Ussr S Withdrawal From Afghanistan, Taliban Captured The Power. This Fundamentalist Group Taliban Patronized By Osama-Bin Laden In Connivance With Pakistan Later Became The Arch Enemy Of America. On The Sept. 11,2001 Laden Master-Minded An Attack On America S Wtc And Pentagon Collapsing The Monumental Twin Towers Of Wtc And Partially Damaging The Pentagon. This All Was Beyond Everybody S Imagination.In The Process Of Continued Civil War The Already Poor Economy Of Afghanistan Was Devastated. The People Were Left Poverty-Stricken And Pampered. Now In The Name Of Suppressing And Eliminating Terrorism America Is In Fierce Was In Afghanistan. Till Date Taliban Is Vanished. A New Interim Government Under Hamid Karzai Has Already Sworn In. Now The Process Of Recreation Of A New Afghanistan Is On.This Work Is Designed To Bring Together Entire Authentic Information On Afghanistan.Volume Wise Organization Of The Work Is :Afghanistan: The Land And PeopleAfghanistan: Customs And TraditionsKingship In AfghanistanCommunist Rule In AfghanistanTaliban And Muslim FundamentalismUs Was On Terrorism In Afghanistan & Aftermath.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures written by Suad Joseph and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2003 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Family, Law and Politics, Volume II of the Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures, brings together over 360 entries on women, family, law, politics, and Islamic cultures around the world.
Download or read book The Cultural Traditions of Afghanistan written by Richard Nelson Frye and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Afghanistan written by Moska Najib and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book South Asian Folklore written by Peter Claus and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With 600 signed, alphabetically organized articles covering the entirety of folklore in South Asia, this new resource includes countries and regions, ethnic groups, religious concepts and practices, artistic genres, holidays and traditions, and many other concepts. A preface introduces the material, while a comprehensive index, cross-references, and black and white illustrations round out the work. The focus on south Asia includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with short survey articles on Tibet, Bhutan, Sikkim, and various diaspora communities. This unique reference will be invaluable for collections serving students, scholars, and the general public.
Download or read book Afghanistan written by Jonathan L. Lee and published by Reaktion Books. This book was released on 2022-03-08 with total page 797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A colossal history of Afghanistan from its earliest organization into a coherent state up to its turbulent present. Located at the intersection of Asia and the Middle East, Afghanistan has been strategically important for thousands of years. Its ancient routes and strategic position between India, Inner Asia, China, Persia, and beyond has meant the region has been subject to frequent invasions, both peaceful and military. As a result, modern Afghanistan is a culturally and ethnically diverse country, but one divided by conflict, political instability, and by mass displacements of its people. In this magisterial illustrated history, Jonathan L. Lee tells the story of how a small tribal confederacy in a politically and culturally significant but volatile region became a modern nation-state. Drawing on more than forty years of study, Lee places the current conflict in Afghanistan in its historical context and challenges many of the West’s preconceived ideas about the country. Focusing particularly on the powerful Durrani monarchy, which united the country in 1747 and ruled for nearly two and a half centuries, Lee chronicles the origins of the dynasty as clients of Safavid Persia and Mughal India: the reign of each ruler and their efforts to balance tribal, ethnic, regional, and religious factions; the struggle for social and constitutional reform; and the rise of Islamic and Communist factions. Along the way, he offers new cultural and political insights from Persian histories, the memoirs of Afghan government officials, British government and India Office archives, and recently released CIA reports and Wikileaks documents. He also sheds new light on the country’s foreign relations, its internal power struggles, and the impact of foreign military interventions such as the “War on Terror.”
Download or read book Negotiating Cultural Diversity in Afghanistan written by Omar Sadr and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the problematique of governance and administration of cultural diversity within the modern state of Afghanistan and traces patterns of national integration. It explores state construction in twentieth-century Afghanistan and Afghan nationalism, and explains the shifts in the state’s policies and societal responses to different forms of governance of cultural diversity. The book problematizes liberalism, communitarianism, and multiculturalism as approaches to governance of diversity within the nation-state. It suggests that while the western models of multiculturalism have recognized the need to accommodate different cultures, they failed to engage with them through intercultural dialogue. It also elaborates the challenge of intra-group diversity and the problem of accommodating individual choice and freedom while recognising group rights and adoption of multiculturalism. The book develops an alternative approach through synthesising critical multiculturalism and interculturalism as a framework on a democratic and inclusive approach to governance of diversity. A major intervention in understanding a war-torn country through an insider account, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of politics and international relations, especially those concerned with multiculturalism, state-building, nationalism, and liberalism, as well as those in cultural studies, history, Afghanistan studies, South Asian studies, Middle East studies, minority studies, and to policymakers.
Download or read book Encyclopaedia Britannica written by Hugh Chisholm and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 1090 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style.
