Download or read book Latin America and the Caribbean Poverty and Labor Brief June 2013 written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have made laudable progress in the past fifteen years in reducing poverty, building the middle class, and promoting prosperity for all levels of society. Recently, the World Bank announced a twin strategy for going forward: (1) to end extreme poverty at the global level by 2030; and (2) to promote shared prosperity. This brief reviews LAC's progress toward these objectives, outlines the continuing challenges, and proposes a policy framework for keeping the region on its upward arc and picking up the speed. The World Bank's indicator of shared prosperity underscores that recent years' economic expansion in LAC has benefited the less well-off. But despite LAC's strong gains in shared prosperity, going forward it faces significant hurdles to delivering the sustained high levels of economic growth and welfare gains that many other regions of the world have achieved. Reform agendas that are underway in a number of the region's countries are helping acclerate shared prosperity. The region now needs second-generation reforms that will reinforce the "virtuous cycle" of economic growth and equity to foster shared prosperity. This brief highlights four important policy themes that LAC vountries should consider to keep on track in the years ahead.

Download or read book Babies and Bosses Reconciling Work and Family Life A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2007-11-29 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book synthesises the finding of the 13 individual country reviews published previously and extends the scope to include other OECD countries, examining tax/benefit policies, parental leave systems, child care support, and workplace practices.

Download or read book Econom a Spring 2011 written by Raquel Bernal and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Journal of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association, Spring 2011 Contents: • Editors' Summary • Buying Less but Shopping More: The Use of Nonmarket Labor during a Crisis By David McKenzie and Ernesto Schargrodsky • Workers' Remittances and the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate: Theory and EvidenceBy Adolfo Barajas, Ralph Chami, Dalia Hakura, and Peter Montiel • Do Political Budget Cycles Differ in Latin American Democracies?By Lorena G. Barberia and George Avelino • Recent Trends in Income Inequality in Latin AmericaBy Leonardo Gasparini, Guillermo Cruces, and Leopoldo Tornarolli

Download or read book Agricultural and Fisheries Policies in Mexico Recent Achievements Continuing the Reform Agenda written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyses the effects of Mexico’s ambitious reforms to agricultural and fisheries policies since 1990 and makes recommendations for further reforms.

Download or read book Working Papers Series written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Los grandes problemas de M xico Tomo 5 Desigualdad social written by Fernando Cortés y Orlandina de Oliveira, coordinadores and published by El Colegio de Mexico AC. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Remittances and healthcare expenditure patterns of populations in origin communities evidence from Mexico Working Paper ITD Documento de Trabajo ITD 25 written by Catalina Amuedo Dorantes and published by BID-INTAL. This book was released on 2007 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Class and Race Formation in North America written by James W. Russell and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Russell's meticulously researched and highly detailed book presents a critically important people's history of North America. It provides rich insights and demonstrates the potential of comparative research to broaden our perspective." - Dan Zuberi, University of British Columbia

Download or read book Informality written by Guillermo Perry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes informality in Latin America, exploring root causes and reasons for and implications of its growth. This book uses two distinct but complementary lenses. It concludes that reducing informality levels and overcoming the "culture of informality" will require actions to increase aggregate productivity in the economy.

Download or read book New Century Old Disparities written by Hugo Nopo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-09-07 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To what extent do individuals with the same observable endowment of human capital receive different salaries on the basis of their gender or ethnicity? What policy options promise to diminish these earnings gaps? This book tries to answer these and other questions using an innovative technique of matching comparisons.

Download or read book How Do Households Consume Energy Evidence from Latin American and Caribbean Countries written by Raul Jimenez Mori and published by Inter-American Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-11-22 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do households consume and spend on energy? What are the drivers of their spending and consumption patterns? How does energy consumption has evolved? What is to be expected as the region climbs the development ladder? What are the distributive implications of different energy pricing approaches? This book looks at these questions and examines which policies work in reducing energy poverty and increasing energy savings. The authors unveil the growing household demand of better quality of energy and show that to achieve more cost-effective and progressive public policies, it is necessary to strengthen the transparency and sustainability of energy pricing while having into account the consumer behavioral responses. This volume is a resource for designing energy policies based on an empirical understanding of the household’s energy needs.

Download or read book Knowledge Generation and Protection written by Jorge Mario Martínez-Piva and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the English version of the text published by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean in April 2008 and entitled Generación y protección del conocimiento: propiedad intelectual, innovación y desarrollo 1 económico. Since then, the year that has passed has been fraught with uncertainty but has also brought signs of hope. Indeed, the past year was marked by the outbreak of the deepest and most p- vasive nancial and economic crisis since the Great Depression of 1929, a crisis generated in the United States but whose negative repercussions have spread at a phenomenal rate throughout the planet. The impact of this crisis on the p- ples of Latin America and the Caribbean will undermine the region’s prospects for economic growth, employment, and poverty alleviation. This was the year in which United States citizens elected Barack Obama as their President, a clear sign of new hope. This hope was tangible at the Fifth Summit of the Americas, held in 2009 in Port of Spain, which marked a turning point in the relations between the countries that make up this hemisphere. The open posture of the United States and that country’s readiness to listen rather than to impose any particular position and its willingness to engage in dialogue on an equal footing were positive signs. Moreover, it was generally admitted that there is not just one model for advancing successfully toward development.

Download or read book The Age of Productivity written by Inter-American Development Bank and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age of Productivity offers a look at how the low productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean is preventing the region from catching up with the developed world. The authors look beyond the traditional macro explanations and dig all the way down to the industry and firm level to uncover the causes.

Download or read book Conditional Cash Transfers written by Ariel Fiszbein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.

Download or read book LAC Poverty and Labor Brief February 2014 written by World Bank World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2012, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region continued its successful drive to reduce poverty and build the middle class. Poverty reduction was accompanied by strong income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population, the World Bank’s indicator of shared prosperity. However, the recent economic slowdown and stagnation in inequality decline suggest that future social gains may be more difficult to achieve. Given the modest prospects ahead, the region’s poverty reduction strategy needs to focus on restoring growth and preserving macroeconomic stability, while reinforcing the ability of less advantaged groups to participate in and contribute to growth. This report assesses two relevant policy areas: equity of fiscal policy and equal access to basic goods and services for children that open the opportunity for them to lead lives of their choosing. Drawing on results from the Commitment to Equity project, the report shows that fiscal policy remains an underused instrument in terms of level and incidence of taxation and spending. The Human Opportunity Index underscores that opportunities are expanding for children in the region, but large gaps remain in access and quality.

Download or read book Hacia la cobertura universal en salud y la equidad en Am rica Latina y el Caribe written by Tania Dmytraczenko and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En las ultimas tres decadas, muchos pafses en America Latina y el Caribe han reconocido el tema de la salud como un derecho humano. Desde inicios de la decada del 2000, 46 millones de personas adicionales, de los pafses estudiados, gozan de la protecci6n de programas de salud con explfcitos derechos a recibir atenci6n. Las reformas han venido acompafiadas por un incremento en el gasto publico del sector salud, financiado en gran pa rte por los ingresos fiscales generales que priorizan o estan dirigidos explfcitamente hacia las poblaciones sin capacidad de pago. Los compromisos polfticos se han traducido en general en presupuestos mas elevados yen leyes aprobadas que circunscriben los fondos destinados al sector salud. En la mayorfa de los pafses se ha priorizado la atenci6n primaria en salud por su costo efectividad y han adoptado metodos de adquisici6n que incentivan la eficiencia y la transparencia en los resultados y que les dan a los administradores del sector salud un mayor apalancamiento para dirigir a los proveedores hacia la . consecuci6n de las prioridades de salud publica. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances. aun subsisten las disparidades en el financiamiento y calidad de los servicios de los subsistemas de salud. Cumplir con el compromiso de la cobertura universal de salud exigira esfuerzos concertados para mejorar la generaci6n de los ingresos fiscales de manera sostenible y de elevar la productividad y efectividad del gasto. En el re po rte Hacia la cobertura universal en salud v la equidad en America Latina v el Caribe: Evidencia de poises seleccionados. los autores sefialan que la evidencia tomada de un analisis de 54 encuestas de hogares corrobora que las inversiones en la ampliaci6n de la cobertura estan generando resultados. A pesar que los pobres aun presentan los peores fndices de salud en comparaci6n con los ricos, las disparidades se han reducido en gran medida, especialmente durante las primeras etapas de vida. Los pafses han alcanzado elevados niveles de cobertura y equidad en la utilizaci6n de los servicios de salud maternoinfantil. El panorama se torna mas lleno de matices y no tan positivo cuando se trata de la salud en adultos y de la prevalencia de condiciones y enfermedades cr6nicas. La cobertura de las intervenciones de enfermedades no transmisibles no es muy alta y la utilizaci6n de los servicios se inclina hacia aquellos que gozan de una mejor posici6n. La prevalencia de las enfermedades no transmisibles no ha mostrado el comportamiento esperado en vista de la cafda en las tasas de mortalidad: un mayor acceso a los servicios de diagn6stico por pa rte de los segmentos mas ricos podrfa encubrir cambios en la prevalencia real. Los gastos de salud provocados por situaciones catastr6ficas han ido en descenso en la mayorfa de los pafses. El panorama en torno a la equidad, sin embargo es mixto, apuntando hacia limitaciones en la medida. Si bien la tasa de empobrecimiento a causa de gastos de salud es baja, con tendencia decreciente en terminos generales, entre dos y cuatro millones de personas en los pafses estudiados aun caen por debajo de la lfnea de la pobreza despues de haber incurrido en gastos de salud. Los esfuerzos para darle un seguimiento sistematico a la calidad de la atenci6n en la region, apenas dan sus primeros pasos. Sin embargo, un repaso a la literatura revela graves deficiencias en la calidad de la atenci6n de salud, asi como sustanciales diferencias entre los diversos subsistemas. Elevar la calidad de la atenci6n y asegurar la sostenibilidad de las inversiones en salud siguen siendo una agenda inconclusa.

Download or read book Global Inequalities written by Orkan Köyağasıoğlu and published by IJOPEC PUBLICATION. This book was released on 2020-06-24 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization is characterized by a systemic interconnection in which what hapInequality has been on the rise across the globe and living conditions are vastly unequal between different places in the world. Currently, the richest 1% own 45% of the world’s wealth. The consequence is that some people are able to enjoy healthy, wealthy, happy lives whilst others continue to live in ill-health, poverty and sorrow. Rapid economic growth in Asia (particularly China and India) has lifted many people out of extreme poverty. Nevertheless, the wealth divide is steadily growing. According to Oxfam, between 2009 and 2018, the number of billionaires it took to equal the wealth of the world’s poorest 50 percent fell from 380 to 26. Those with extreme wealth have often accumulated their fortunes on the backs of people around the world who work for poor wages and under dangerous conditions. Women are scarce at the top and overrepresented at the bottom. Gender discrimination in the workplace contributes significantly to these persistent economic divides. There are also large differences in wealth across racial groups. Long-standing racial discrimination in many forms, including in education, hiring, and pay practices contribute to persistent earnings gaps. Inequalities have dramatically strengthened the economic and political power of those individuals at the top.