Download or read book Employing Chemical Processes as Grid level Energy Storage Devices written by Joannah Igbe Otashu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable operation of the electric grid which comprises of instantaneously matching electricity demand and supply is a tier one security concern and has received increased attention in recent years. This is a challenging task as both electricity demand and supply are characterized by variability and uncertainty; the volatility on the supply end originating from increased integration of renewable energy in power generation. Electricity demand typically peaks in the late afternoons whereas wind and solar generation peak in the early mornings and mid-day respectively. To reconcile this electricity supply and demand mismatch, energy storage is employed for storing excess power generated during off-peak demand periods. Correspondingly, stored power is discharged during peak electricity demand hours. Electricity storage is however presently expensive and current grid storage devices are insufficient to ensure reliable electric grid operation. Standby generators with fast ramp rates which are generally more expensive to run are also employed when needed. A solution to this problem involves motivating end-users of electricity to modify their demand patterns in manner that enhances grid stability. This activity, referred to as demand response (DR) can help relieve the strain on the grid by tailoring end-user power consumption to match the time varying supply of electricity. Chemical industries that are power-intensive can provide valuable DR as they represent localized grid loads with end products that are generally easier and cheaper to store compared to electricity. These industries can ramp production during off-peak power demand hours storing excess product and reduce production rates when power demand peaks while depleting inventory to meet any required product demand. However, the operation of chemical industries are subject to strict constraints including; economic (e.g., reliable product delivery), feasibility (e.g., limits on process variables) or safety concerns. Additionally, the dynamics of chemical processes are typically described by high-order non-linear models and ramp rates and capacity limits alone, which are typically employed on the grid side to manage demand response activities, are not sufficient to characterize the transient nature of chemical processes. In this dissertation, we employ modeling techniques and production scheduling to evaluate the provision of demand response by chemical industries in highly volatile electricity markets. We develop and illustrate the use of suitable dynamic models to represent the chemical plant operation while providing fast-paced DR. As fast DR contribute significantly to the solution pool available for handling power grid contingencies, this study will aid the smoother deployment of industrial chemical loads as grid support devices while ensuring safe and feasible operation of the chemical plant

Download or read book Energy Storage Technologies in Grid Modernization written by Sandeep Dhundhara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-26 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES IN GRID MODERNIZATION Written and edited by a team of experts, this exciting new volume discusses the various types of energy storage technologies, the applications of energy storage systems, their role in the real-time operation of power markets, and the operational issues of modern power systems, including renewable-based generating sources. The worldwide energy sector, specifically power generation, has undergone a huge transformation in recent years, and the focus is to make it sustainable, environmentally friendly, reliable, and highly efficient. As a result, a significant share of highly intermittent but clean renewable sources is being integrated into the power system using advanced technological components. The higher penetration level of renewable energy sources (RESs) has increased the active power generation share in the grid but reduced the total rotating system inertia. This high reduction in inertia brings new challenges and technical issues to the operators of modern power systems and impacts the stability and security of the grid. The stochasticity of these renewable sources also poses a big challenge to the efficient operation of the power system. Electrical energy storage systems help to manage such issues and challenges that occur due to the intermittent nature of RES and can play a big role in the smooth and reliable operation of the power system. The applications and opportunities to use storage on the grid are growing due to the improvements in energy storage technologies, and flexible regulatory frameworks. Technological developments have made it possible to use batteries and other Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) for managing the operation of the power system. This book aims to illustrate the potential of energy storage systems in different applications of the modern power system considering recent advances and research trends in storage technologies. These areas are going to play a very significant role in future smart grid operations. This book discusses the various types of energy storage technologies and promotes the applications of ESSs in the performance improvement of modern power systems. Whether for the veteran engineer, new hire, or student, it is a must-have for any library.

Download or read book Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices written by Laxman Raju Thoutam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-11-29 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses the materials, devices, and methodologies that can be used for energy harvesting including advanced materials, devices, and systems. It describes synthesis and fabrication details of energy storage materials. It explains use of high-energy density thin films for future power systems, flexible and biodegradable energy storage devices, fuel cells and supercapacitors, nanogenerators for self-powered systems, and innovative energy harvesting methodologies. Features: Covers all relevant topics in energy harvesting research and focuses on the current state-of-the-art techniques and materials for this application. Showcases the true potential of the nature in energy harvesting industry by discussing various harvesting mechanisms based on renewable and sustainable energy sources. Explains the recent trends in flexible and wearable energy storage devices that are currently being used in IoT-based smart devices. Overviews of the state-of-the-art research performed on design and development of energy harvesting devices. Highlights the interdisciplinary research efforts needed in energy harvesting and storage devices to transform conceptual ideas to working prototypes. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in emerging materials, energy engineering, including harvesting and storage.

Download or read book Advances in Energy Systems Engineering written by Georgios M. Kopanos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 837 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a scientific framework for integrated solutions to complex energy problems. It adopts a holistic, systems-based approach to demonstrate the potential of an energy systems engineering approach to systematically quantify different options at various levels of complexity (technology, plant, energy supply chain, mega-system). Utilizing modeling, simulation and optimization-based frameworks, along with a number of real-life applications, it focuses on advanced energy systems including energy supply chains, integrated biorefineries, energy planning and scheduling approaches and urban energy systems. Featuring contributions from leading researchers in the field, this work is useful for academics, researchers, industry practitioners in energy systems engineering, and all those who are involved in model-based energy systems.

Download or read book Sustainable Energy Storage in the Scope of Circular Economy written by Carlos Miguel Costa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-27 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Energy Storage in the Scope of Circular Economy Comprehensive resource reviewing recent developments in the design and application of energy storage devices Sustainable Energy Storage in the Scope of Circular Economy reviews the recent developments in energy storage devices based on sustainable materials within the framework of the circular economy, addressing the sustainable design and application of energy storage devices with consideration of the key advantages and remaining challenges in this rapidly evolving research field. Topics covered include: Sustainable materials for batteries and fuel cell devices Multifunctional sustainable materials for energy storage Energy storage devices in the scope of the Internet of Things Sustainable energy storage devices and device design for sensors and actuators Waste prevention for energy storage devices based on second life and recycling procedures With detailed information on today’s most effective energy storage devices, Sustainable Energy Storage in the Scope of Circular Economy is a key resource for academic researchers, industrial scientists and engineers, and students in related programs of study who wish to understand the state of the art in this field.

Download or read book Electrically Charged Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Grid level Electricity Storage written by Laureen Meroueh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike most other commodities, electricity produced at any given time must match the electricity being consumed or the stability of the electric grid is jeopardized. Electricity demand changes throughout the day result in required generation ramp-ups that strain power plants, reduce cycle efficiency and increase CO2 emissions. This problem is exacerbated when renewable sources such as wind and solar are integrated into the grid, due to their intermittency. A change in methods of energy production globally that allows synergistic coupling of renewable and fossil fuels is needed. Currently, pumped hydroelectric and compressed air energy storage are the two most common methods of storage, but are highly geographic dependent systems and thus of limited applicability. There exists a strong demand for grid-scale energy storage that are cost-effective and without geographic constraints. In this thesis, storage systems that are charged by electricity and discharged to produce electricity at times of high demand, are theoretically evaluated. Various types of storage such as chemical, thermal, and mechanical, are reviewed to determine the most ideal method for grid-level energy storage. Thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials are most attractive on a cost and energy density basis. Two system designs are evaluated that can couple to both existing and future power plants since they are electrically charged, via joule heating for example, and later discharged to produce electricity using the plant's turbomachinery. Described within is a novel system in which silicon is used as the storage medium and energy release is predominantly through radiative heat transfer. Another design based on the eutectic alloy Al0.88 Si0.12 and other sensible energy storage materials is also evaluated. As an example, the energy storage systems are coupled to a power plant operating according to a supercritical Rankin cycle, and their performance is compared to that of a boiler. Additionally, system cost is compared to existing storage technologies. Although storing electricity as heat and back to electricity is thermodynamically unfavorable, we present an analysis to show that this approach can be cost competitive and provides a segue from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

Download or read book Future Grid Scale Energy Storage Solutions written by Ahmad Arabkoohsar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03-25 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a detailed understanding of why heat and electricity energy storage technologies have developed so rapidly, Future Grid-Scale Energy Storage Solutions: Mechanical and Chemical Technologies and Principles presents the required fundamentals for techno-economic and environmental analysis of various grid-scale energy storage technologies. Through a consistent framework, each chapter outlines state-of-the-art advances, benefits and challenges, energy and exergy analyses models of these technologies, as well as an elaboration on their performance under dynamic and off-design operating conditions. Chapters include a case study analysis section, giving a detailed understanding of the systems’ thermodynamics and economic and environmental performance in real operational conditions, and wrap-up with a discussion of the future prospects of these technologies from commercial and research perspectives. This book is a highly beneficial reference for researchers and scientists dealing with grid-scale energy storage systems, as a single comprehensive book providing the information and fundamentals required to do modeling, analysis, and/or feasibility studies of such systems. Features all the major mechanical and chemical energy storage systems, including electricity and thermal energy storage methods Includes step-by-step energy and exergy modeling, including off-design performance modeling Provides future perspectives for technologies, describing how they will contribute to the future smart energy systems

Download or read book Handbook on Battery Energy Storage System written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-12-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook serves as a guide to deploying battery energy storage technologies, specifically for distributed energy resources and flexibility resources. Battery energy storage technology is the most promising, rapidly developed technology as it provides higher efficiency and ease of control. With energy transition through decarbonization and decentralization, energy storage plays a significant role to enhance grid efficiency by alleviating volatility from demand and supply. Energy storage also contributes to the grid integration of renewable energy and promotion of microgrid.

Download or read book Energy Storage written by Robert A. Huggins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-11 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction Energy is necessary for a number of reasons, the most basic and obvious involve the preparation of food and the provision of heat to make life comfortable, or at least, bearable. Subsequently, a wide range of technological uses of energy have emerged and been developed, so that the availability of energy has become a central issue in society. The easiest way to acquire useful energy is to simply ?nd it as wood or a hydrocarbon fossil fuel in nature. But it has often been found to be advantageous to convert what is simply available in nature into more useful forms, and the processing and conversion of raw materials, especially petrochemicals have become a very large industry. Wood Wood has been used to provide heat for a great many years. In some cases, it can be acquired as needed by foraging, or cutting, followed by simple collection. When it is abundant there is relatively little need for it to be stored. However, many societies have found it desirable to collect more wood than is immediately needed during warm periods during the year, and to store it up for use in the winter, when the needs are greater, or its collection is not so convenient. One can still see this in some locations, such as the more remote communities in the Alps, for example. One might think of this as the oldest and simplest example of energy storage.

Download or read book Combined Scheduling and Control written by John D. Hedengren and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Combined Scheduling and Control" that was published in Processes

Download or read book Chemical Energy Storage written by Robert Schlögl and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Main description: Energy - in the headlines, discussed controversially, vital. The use of regenerative energy in many primary forms leads to the necessity to store grid dimensions for maintaining continuous supply and enabling the replacement of fossil fuel systems. This work provides a hands-on insight into the present status of energy conversion and deals with aspects of chemical energy storage considering the geosphere, electrochemistry, catalysis, synthesis of catalysts, functional analysis of catalytic processes and the interface between electrochemistry and heterogeneous catalysis.

Download or read book Energy Storage written by Robert A. Huggins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction Energy is necessary for a number of reasons, the most basic and obvious involve the preparation of food and the provision of heat to make life comfortable, or at least, bearable. Subsequently, a wide range of technological uses of energy have emerged and been developed, so that the availability of energy has become a central issue in society. The easiest way to acquire useful energy is to simply ?nd it as wood or a hydrocarbon fossil fuel in nature. But it has often been found to be advantageous to convert what is simply available in nature into more useful forms, and the processing and conversion of raw materials, especially petrochemicals have become a very large industry. Wood Wood has been used to provide heat for a great many years. In some cases, it can be acquired as needed by foraging, or cutting, followed by simple collection. When it is abundant there is relatively little need for it to be stored. However, many societies have found it desirable to collect more wood than is immediately needed during warm periods during the year, and to store it up for use in the winter, when the needs are greater, or its collection is not so convenient. One can still see this in some locations, such as the more remote communities in the Alps, for example. One might think of this as the oldest and simplest example of energy storage.

Download or read book Optimization based Design and Analysis of Concentrating Solar Power with Thermochemical Energy Storage written by Xinyue Peng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrating solar power (CSP) with thermal energy storage has the potential for grid-scale dispatchable power generation. Thermochemical energy storage (TCES), that is, the reversible conversion of solar-thermal energy to chemical energy, has high energy density and low heat loss over long periods. In this work, we develop optimization-based models for the design and analysis of CSP with different fluid-phase and solid-gas TCES systems. By proposing various TCES process strategies, evaluating their system performance, and identifying key areas of improvement, we hope that our study will help accelerate TCES development and solar power deployment. Specifically, we first develop a general process model for CSP plants employing fluid-phase TCES systems. We illustrate our model applicability by using ammonia and methane TCES systems. The analysis allows us to identify pressure vessels for aboveground gas storage as the main cost driver and compressor electricity consumption as the main energy driver. The overall energetic and economic performance can be significantly improved if cheap underground gas storage is available. We then propose an optimization-based framework for process synthesis under variability in two frequencies. We introduce scenarios and modes to represent low and high frequency variability respectively, and formulate the synthesis problem as a multimode two-stage stochastic programming model. The proposed approach is well suited to address the synthesis of renewable energy systems where the energy resource (e.g., solar, wind) often exhibits variability in two scales. Next, we develop an optimization model for the design and operation of CSP plants employing solid-gas TCES systems. Special emphasis is placed on the modeling of fixed-bed reactors that operate in a cyclic batch mode, which are modeled using partial differential equations in time and space. Finally, we provide a system-level analysis for CSP employing various solid-gas TCES strategies, that is, different combinations of chemical reactions and process configurations. Six process configurations are proposed and three types (carbonate, hydroxide, and redox) of reactions are studied. Results show that, six out of the nine strategies have the potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs at the same time over two-tank molten salt storage. We also analyze the impacts of key reaction properties and process parameters on system performance.

Download or read book Reversible Chemical Reactions for Energy Storage in a Large scale Heat Utility written by R. Gerald Nix and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes a study of the feasibility of using either Ca(OH)2 or CH4-CO2 reaction systems for long-duration storage in a central receiver, solar energy facility. Results indicate that use of a solar thermal system with long-duration storage of either thermochemical or direct thermal energy (molten draw salt) is probably not justified when compared to the use of coal-fired boilers for steam generation. However, solar thermal systems with either thermochemical or direct thermal energy storage may be competitive with oil- or natural gas-fired boilers if the cost of the solar energy supplied to the storage system is sufficiently low and the costs of oil and natural gas have escalated to a sufficiently high level.

Download or read book Reversible Chemical Reactions for Energy Storage in a Large scale Heat Utility written by R. Gerald Nix and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes a study of the feasibility of using either Ca(OH)2 or CH4-CO2 reaction systems for long-duration storage in a central receiver, solar energy facility. Results indicate that use of a solar thermal system with long-duration storage of either thermochemical or direct thermal energy (molten draw salt) is probably not justified when compared to the use of coal-fired boilers for steam generation. However, solar thermal systems with either thermochemical or direct thermal energy storage may be competitive with oil- or natural gas-fired boilers if the cost of the solar energy supplied to the storage system is sufficiently low and the costs of oil and natural gas have escalated to a sufficiently high level.

Download or read book Fast charging Electrodes for Next generation Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices written by Yunkai Luo and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advancement of battery technology not only enables the creation of lighter and more durable electronic devices and long-range, long-life electric vehicles but also enhances the efficiency of sustainable clean energy storage, thereby mitigating the climate crisis of global warming. In 2019, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) technology was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, recognizing its significant improvement in our lives, and bringing us a rechargeable green world. The overarching research theme in this dissertation is the development of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices that provide high-capacity and can be fast-charged. This development requires the exploration of innovative fast-charging battery electrodes, which are the critical component that enables the battery to supply power rapidly. The bronze phase materials investigated in this dissertation meet this criterion as they contain large lithium-ion diffusion channels which enable fast-charging anode materials for LIBs. Comparative electrochemical studies conducted for bronze phase materials with the same stoichiometry, but different compositions (Mo3Nb2O14 vs W3Nb2O14), offer valuable insights into the design of next-generation, fast-charging materials for LIBs. A second material system, Mo4O11, also possesses properties appropriate for a fast-charging anode material for LIBs. Although the original open structure of Mo4O11 was altered during the first lithiation process, the newly formed layer-like structure was able to achieve both high capacity and fast-charging capability. These studies show that designing materials with rapid ion diffusion pathways and selecting transition metals with multielectron redox capability offer a promising way for simultaneously achieving both high energy and power density in next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices. Another important consideration which plays a vital role in obtaining high-performance batteries is the structure of the electrode. With the increase of mass loading or thickness of tape-cast electrodes, the energy density of batteries is enhanced due to the incorporation of more active materials. However, above a certain thickness, the increasing tortuosity of both ion and electron transport in traditional tape-cast electrodes compromises the power and offsets the benefits of increasing the amount of active material. Leveraging 3D printing technology, it is possible to design intricate 3D electrode structures that establish macroscopic ion-diffusion pathways, thereby breaking the limits achieved with thick tape-cast electrodes. The approach taken in this dissertation is based on obtaining ultra-high mass loading of manganese dioxide (MnO2) on 3D-printed graphene aerogel (3D MnO2/GA) electrodes. For these studies, sodium-ion batteries (SIB) were investigated as the combination of earth-abundant, high mass loading of MnO2 and sodium-ion battery technology creates a cost-effective solution for fulfilling the increasing demands of grid-level energy storage. An ether-based electrolyte was shown to improve the cycling stability of MnO2 compared to several other non-aqueous electrolytes. The feasibility of this approach to obtain both excellent areal energy and power density was demonstrated using a high mass loading TiO2-MnO2 sodium ion battery. The results of this research not only underscore the significance of using 3D-printed electrodes to achieve high energy and fast-charging next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices, but also the use of 3D-printed electrodes to achieve the high mass loading desired for reducing the manufacturing costs for batteries. A related research topic on the properties of pseudocapacitive vanadium dioxide (VO2) with 3D printed graphene aerogel scaffold was designed to evaluate the scalability of 3D electrode structures. The areal capacity of 3D VO2/GA was found to scale with the increase of both mass loading and electrode thickness with only minor sacrifice of gravimetric capacity. The device level scalability of 3D electrodes and the feasibility of using thick 3D electrodes in a commercial electrochemical energy storage device was demonstrated using a pseudo-solid silica-based ionogel material. The resulting sodium metal battery demonstrated scalable areal energy density using a coin cell. The results of this dissertation, which include both the design of advanced electrode materials and development of 3D electrodes, provide a basis for the development of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices that exhibit high-capacity and fast-charging.

Download or read book Challenging Conventional Approaches to Energy Storage written by Andrew S. Westover and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: