Download or read book Elimination of Solvents and Waste by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Precision Cleaning written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiochemical properties of supercritical carbon dioxide make it ideally suited for removing commonly encountered contaminants found in the precision cleaning of optical components, computer parts, and electronic assemblies. Data will be presented on a survey demonstrating the successful removal of cutting and machine oils, silicon oils, body oils and hydraulic fluids from a variety of surfaces with supercritical carbon dioxide to, at, or below precision cleaning standards (less than 10 micrograms of contaminant per square centimeter of surface). Replicate studies were performed in both a small bench-scale unit (10 milliliter cleaning vessel) and in a large-scale unit (60 liter, 14 inch diameter cleaning vessel) showing the ability to scale small experiments to commercial sizes. Applicability of this supercritical fluid cleaning technique to commercial operations was evaluated in the areas of contaminant removal efficiencies, surface interactions, operational costs, and environmental waste reduction/elimination.
Download or read book Precision Cleaning with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for the Elimination of Organic Solvents and Reduction of Hazardous Waste written by W. D. Spall and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precision Cleaning with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for the Elimination of Organic Solvents and the Reduction of Hazardous Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private and governmental industrial facilities use chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons for the cleaning of a variety of items. The Montreal Protocol (1987) and amendments to this act will phase out the use of chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, by the year 2000 because they are toxic, carcinogenic, and implicated in the depletion of the Earth's ozone layer. The United States has pledged to eliminate these substances by 1995. To stay competitive in the global market, US industries require an economical replacement. Supercritical fluids, which have been used in food, fragrance, and petroleum processes for years, are attractive replacement solvents because of their low environmental impact, high diffusivities, low viscosities, and temperature-pressure dependence of solvent strengths. In the case of nontoxic and nonflammable carbon dioxide (CO2), its critical temperature and pressure are readily accessible with well-established process technology and equipment. In addition, applications using a supercritical fluid such as CO2 are generally safer and environmentally benign. Extractions using supercritical CO2 use less energy than distillation and incineration processes and are less expensive than liquid extraction processes using toxic and costly organic solvents. Finally, CO2 has a very high volatility compared to virtually any organic extractant which facilitates its separation from extract solutions for extract recovery and CO2 recycle. Data will be presented on the successful removal of cutting and machine oils, silicone oils, body oils, and hydraulic fluids from a variety of industrial substrates with supercritical CO2 to, at, or below precision cleaning levels (less than 10 micrograms of contaminant per square centimeter of surface). The applicability of this technique to commercial operations was evaluated in this area of contaminant removal, surface interactions, operational costs, and waste reduction and elimination.
Download or read book Handbook for Critical Cleaning written by Barbara Kanegsberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cleaning Agents and Systems is the first volume in the Handbook for Critical Cleaning, Second Edition.Should you clean your product during manufacturing? If so, when and how? Cleaning is essential for proper performance, optimal quality, and increased sales. Inadequate cleaning of product elements can lead to catastrophic failure of the entire syst
Download or read book Handbook for Critical Cleaning Second Edition 2 Volume Set written by Barbara Kanegsberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set consists of two volumes: Cleaning Agents and Systems and Applications, Processes, and Controls. Updated, expanded, re-organized, and rewritten, this two-volume handbook covers cleaning processes, applications, management, safety, and environmental concerns. The editors rigorously examine technical issues, cleaning agent options and systems, chemical and equipment integration, and contamination control, as well as cleanliness standards, analytical testing, process selection, implementation and maintenance, specific application areas, and regulatory issues. A collection of international contributors gives the text a global viewpoint. Color illustrations, video clips, and animation are available online to help readers better understand presented material.
Download or read book Waste Reduction Using Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Industrial Waste Program (IWP) has been sponsoring the research, development, and commercialization of supercritical fluid cleaning technology for replacement of traditional solvent cleaning processes. Los Alamos National Laboratory and Pacific Northwest Laboratory have been working through this collaborative effort to test the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) cleaning. Tests were performed on a variety of substrates at various solvent conditions for a large number of common contaminants to characterize cleaning performance. Cleaning efficiencies with respect to system dynamics were also studied. Results of these tests show that supercritical and near-critical carbon dioxide is not only an effective solvent for precision cleaning applications of parts such as gyroscopes, bearing assemblies, and machine tools but is also feasible for bulk cleaning operations for a variety of industrial needs. It has been tested and shown to be effective for a range of substrates including laser optics components, computer disk drives, and cloth rags. Metals, including stainless steel, beryllium, gold, silver, copper and others; ceramics; and elastomeric seals such as Teflon, silicone, and epoxy potting compounds are highly compatible with SuperCritical CO2 (SCCO2). Many contaminants, including silicones, Krytox, hydrocarbons, esters, fluorocarbons, gyroscope damping and fill fluids, and machining oils and lubricating oils, will dissolve in SCCO2. In general, nonpolar, hydrophobic contaminants such as oils dissolve well, while hydrophilic contaminants such as inorganic salts do not. The parts and contaminants mentioned here are not the only applications for SCCO, cleaning, as the full range of possibilities is still being defined by developers and users of the technology. The many advantages of SCCO2 indicate that it is a technology that should carry industrial cleaning operations into the future.
Download or read book Oil Grease and Solvent Removal from Solid Waste Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oil Grease and Solvent Removal from Solid Waste Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by H. Mike Smith and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook for Critical Cleaning written by Barbara Kanegsberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-26 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With all the cleaning approaches available, how do you choose which one is best for your needs? Components manufacturers wonder which will provide a competitive edge. Chemists and engineers worry about the effect of any process modification on a critical component or on the stability of an irreplaceable antique. There is no silver bullet, n
Download or read book Homenaje a la memoria de D Pedro Mu oz Seca written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Adhesion and Removal written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive and easily accessible reference source covering all important aspects of particle adhesion and removal. The core objective is to cover both fundamental and applied aspects of particle adhesion and removal with emphasis on recent developments. Among the topics to be covered include: 1. Fundamentals of surface forces in particle adhesion and removal. 2. Mechanisms of particle adhesion and removal. 3. Experimental methods (e.g. AFM, SFA,SFM,IFM, etc.) to understand particle-particle and particle-substrate interactions. 4. Mechanics of adhesion of micro- and nanoscale particles. 5. Various factors affecting particle adhesion to a variety of substrates. 6. Surface modification techniques to modulate particle adhesion. 7. Various cleaning methods (both wet & dry) for particle removal. 8. Relevance of particle adhesion in a host of technologies ranging from simple to ultra-sophisticated.
Download or read book Fluid Dynamic Effects on Precision Cleaning with Supercritical Fluids written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific Northwest Laboratory staff have assembled a small supercritical fluids parts cleaning test stand to characterize how system dynamics affect the efficacy of precision cleaning with supercritical carbon dioxide. A soiled stainless steel coupon, loaded into a ''Berty'' autoclave, was used to investigate how changes in system turbulence and solvent temperature influenced the removal of test dopants. A pulsed laser beam through a fiber optic was used to investigate real-time contaminant removal. Test data show that cleaning efficiency is a function of system agitation, solvent density, and temperature. These data also show that high levels of cleaning efficiency can generally be achieved with high levels of system agitation at relatively low solvent densities and temperatures. Agitation levels, temperatures, and densities needed for optimal cleaning are largely contaminant dependent. Using proper system conditions, the levels of cleanliness achieved with supercritical carbon dioxide compare favorably with conventional precision cleaning methods. Additional research is currently being conducted to generalize the relationship between cleaning performance and parameters such as contaminant solubilities, mass transfer rates, and solvent agitation. These correlations can be used to optimize cleaning performance, system design, and time and energy consumption for particular parts cleaning applications.
Download or read book Green Chemistry written by Rashmi Sanghi and published by Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.. This book was released on 2003 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present monograph presents 17 in-depths reviews from eminent professors, scientists, chemists and engineers from educational institutions, research organizations and chemical industries introducing a new emerging green face of multidimensional chemistry. It addresses different topics under the domain of 'Green Chemistry' like Introductory aspects, alternate approaches to solvent chemistry, Environment friendly Green techniques, Alternative wastewater treatment technologies and Step change technologies for exploiting Green Chemistry.
Download or read book Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Ram B. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-06 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluid extraction is an environmentally safe and cost-effective alternative to traditional organic solvents. Carbon dioxide is widely used as the solvent of choice for applications such as caffeine and nicotine extraction due to its mild critical temperature, nontoxicity, nonflammability, and low cost. Introducing the most complete col
Download or read book The Los Alamos Super Scrub trademark written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was undertaken to determine the electrical and other utilities usage of the Super Scrub{trademark} system. The purpose of the experiments being conducted at Los Alamos is to prove or disprove the feasibility of precision cleaning for solvent and waste reduction using supercritical carbon dioxide. An actual dollars value-versus-time has been calculated for predetermined pressures, flows, and temperatures. State-of-the-art menu- and softwaredriven instrumentation were utilized to generate exacting results. It is hoped that these results will prove of immediate benefit to those industries interested in but concerned about the cost of changing over to carbon dioxide cleaning on both small- and large-scale operations.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-12 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning Applications of Cleaning Techniques written by Rajiv Kohli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning: Applications of Cleaning Techniques, Volume Eleven, part of the Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning series, provides a guide to recent advances in the application of cleaning techniques for the removal of surface contamination in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical, defense, energy, manufacturing, microelectronics, optics and xerography. The material in this new edition compiles cleaning applications into one easy reference that has been fully updated to incorporate new applications and techniques. Taken as a whole, the series forms a unique reference for professionals and academics working in the area of surface contamination and cleaning. - Presents the latest reviewed technical information on precision cleaning applications as written by established experts in the field - Provides a single source on the applications of innovative precision cleaning techniques for a wide variety of industries - Serves as a guide to the selection of precision cleaning techniques for specific applications
