Download or read book ELF Extremely Low Frequency Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Measurements of ELF Electromagnetic Fields for Site Selection and Characterization 1983 written by J. O. Enk and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from the operation of the Navy's ELF Communications System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in ELF system areas are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy. Monitoring studies were conducted through a peer-reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and studies were initiated in late summer. Major activities of the program during 1983 consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumption made in proposals, and selection of study sites. Measurements of electromagnetic fields at the investigator-selected sites are documented, and the acceptability and status of the sites in light of the electromagnetic exposure criteria are discussed. Keywords include: Extremely low Frequency, Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF communications system, and ELF ecological monitoring program.
Download or read book ELF Extremely Low Frequency Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Measurements of ELF Electromagnetic Fields for Site Selection and Characterization 1984 written by R. M. Brosh and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from the operation of the Navy's ELF Communications System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in north-western Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF system area are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy. Monitoring studies were conducted through a peer-reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and studies were initiated in late summer of the same year. Beginning in 1983 and continuing during 1984 major activities of hte program consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. Measurements of electromagnetic fields at the investigator-selected sites are documented, and the acceptability and status of the sites in light of the electromagnetic exposure criteria are discussed. Keywords include: Extremely Low Frequency; Electromagnetic Fields; Environmental Studies; Ecology; ELF Communication System; and ELF Ecological Monitoring Program.
Download or read book ELF Extremely Low Frequency Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Electromagnetic Field Measurements and Engineering Support 1986 written by D. P. Haradem and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from the operation of the Navy's ELF Communications System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF system area are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy, and studies were initiated in late summer of the same year. Beginning in 1983 and continuing during 1984, major activities of the program consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. 1985 and 1986 activities centered on the operation of full scale studies. This report documents electromagnetic (EM) field measurement at investigator selected study sites from 1982 through 1986, and presents the status of the sites in light of the EM exposure criteria. Other engineering support activities are also described. Keywords: Extremely low frequency; Electromagnetic fields; Environmental studies; Ecology; Communications system.
Download or read book ELF Extremely Low Frequency Communication System Ecological Monitoring Program Electromagnetic Field Measurements and Engineering Support 1987 written by David P. Haradem and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from the operation of the Navy's ELF Communications System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF system area are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy, and studies were initiated in late summer of the same year. Beginning in 1983 and continuing during 1984, major activities of the program consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. From 1985 through 1987, activities centered on the operation of full-scale studies. This report documents electromagnetic (EM) field measurements at investigator selected study sites from 1982 through 1987. Other engineering support activities are also described. Keywords: Radiation effects, Electromagnetic radiation, Extremely Low Frequency (ELF), Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF Communications system, ELF Ecological Monitoring Program. (kt).
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ELF Extremely Low Frequency Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Summary of 1988 Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term Ecological Monitoring Program is being conducted to monitor for possible effects from the operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF communications System to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the Program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposal. Subsequently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the collection of preoperational and operational data bases at the Michigan and Wisconsin Transmitting Facilities. The data bases are being used to make proposed spatial and/or temporal comparisons of biological and ecological variables. This report summarizes the progress of the Ecological Monitoring Program during 1988. Keywords: Extremely low frequency, Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF Communications system, ELF Ecological monitoring program.
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Plan and Summary of 1982 Progress written by J. E. Zapotosky and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the Ecological Monitoring Program is to study ecological and/or biological characteristics of selected biota in an environment that includes natural stresses and low-level ELF electromagnetic fields. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the System area are being examined. Study sites were selected in 1982, and will be examined further in 1983. Statistical methods of analysis proposed by investigators are identified, and biological and ecological end-points selected for study are described. Data collection began in 1982 and will be continued in 1983 for studies of vegetation, soil animals, pollinating insects, small mammals and birds, wetlands, vegetation associations, and aquatic community relationships.
Download or read book ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program written by John E. Zapotosky and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency ELF Communications Systems Ecological Monitoring Program Summary of 1985 Progress written by John E. Zapotosky and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term Ecological Monitoring Program is being conducted to monitor for possible effects from the operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF Communications System to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982 and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the Program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposals. Subsequently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the collection of preoperational and operational data bases at the Michigan and Wisconsin Transmitting Facilities. The data bases are being used to make proposed spatial and/or temporal comparisons of biological and ecological variables. This report summarizes the progress of the Ecological Monitoring Program during 1985. Keywords include: Extremely Low Frequency; Electromagnetic Fields; Environmental Studies; Ecology; ELF Communications System; and ELF Ecological Monitoring Program.
Download or read book ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Electromagnetic Field Measurements and Engineering Support 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ELF Communications System enables the U.S. Navy to communicate with submarines worldwide at opera depth and speed. The system consists of transmitting facilities in Wisconsin and Michigan that synchronously broadcast messages. Transmitters became fully operational in Wisconsin in 1985 and in Michigan in 1989. In-situ studies to monitor for possible bioelectromagnetic effects from operation of both transmitters were initiated in 1982. The studies use a split-plot or blocked strategy to examine differences in space (treatment/ control sites) or time (preoperational/operational). Physiological, developmental, behavioral, and ecological variables for dominant biota in upland, wetland, and riverine habitats near the ELF System have been examined in these studies. In Wisconsin, dam collection for all studies was completed by the end of 1989; in Michigan, studies continued during 1990. It is anticipated that dam collection will continue at Michigan study sites through 1993. In support of this research, IIT Research Institute annually documents the ambient ELF electromagnetic (EM) environment, including EM fields produced by both the ELF System and electric power distribution (60 Hz). is report documents ELF EM field intensities at all study sites active in 1990, and is comprehensive for the period 1983-1990. Other engineering activities performed during 1990 in support of the ecological studies are also described. Extremely Low Frequency, Ecology, Electromagnetic Fields, ELF Communications System.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Summary of 1983 Progress written by J. Zapotosky and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term program for studying possible effects from operation of the Navy's ELF Communication System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF System are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer-reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982 and studies were initiated in the late summer. Major activities of the program during 1983 consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. Progress is summarized for the 10 projects that comprise the Program. (Author).
Download or read book ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program written by Donald L. Beaver and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program written by John E. Zapotosky and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ELF Extremely Low Frequency Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Summary of 1987 Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-term Ecological Monitoring Program is being conducted to monitor for possible effects from the operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF communications System to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the Program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposals. Subsequently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the collection of preoperational and operational databases at the Michigan and Wisconsin Transmitting Facilities. The databases are being used to make proposed spatial and/or temporal comparisons of biological and ecological variables. This report summarizes the progress of the Ecological Monitoring Program during 1987.
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency ELF Communications System Ecological Monitoring Program Summary of 1990 Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long term ecological monitoring program is being conducted to monitor for possible electromagnetic effects that operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF Communications System might have to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposals. Data collection for studies at the Naval Radio Transmitting Facility (NRTF)-Clam Lake, Wisconsin was completed, as scheduled, during 1990. Data collection for studies at the NRTF-Republic, Michigan is planned to continue through 1992. This report summarizes the progress of the monitoring program during 1990. To date, investigators conclude that on effects have occurred on biota exposed to EM Fields produced by either a fully operational or an intermittently energized ELF transmitting produced by either a fully operational or an intermittently energized ELF transmitting facility.
