Download or read book Electrophysiological Correlates of Object based Selective Attention written by Marla Raye Zinni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A visual stimulus may be selectively attended on the basis of its location in space, a specific feature, or as a whole object. While a relatively large amount of research has examined the neural basis of location-based and feature-based attentional selection, few studies have examined the neural correlates of the spread of attention from one feature of an object to another, reflecting the selection of an object as an "integrated feature ensemble" (Schoenfeld et al., 2003; O'Craven, Downing, & Kanwisher, 1999). The research in this dissertation examined the electrophysiological correlates of the spread of selective attention to a task-irrelevant color feature of an object using the event-related potential (ERP) brain imaging technique. The temporal dynamics of this spread of attention were examined for two classes of objects, grouped-arrays of lines (Study 1) and geometric shapes (Study 2). In each study, overlapping objects were presented and the participants' task was to sustain attention to one object versus another to judge a change in the thickness of one of the lines of the grid (Study 1) or a change in object shape (Study 2). On some trials, either the attended object or the unattended object was colored, and color was irrelevant to the task. Difference ERPs indicated that color was first encoded in the visual cortex by 100 ms. However, the effect of attention on the task-irrelevant color feature was evident in later ERP modulations. A bilateral parietal/occipital positivity beginning at 200 ms (Study 2) and a midline occipital negativity beginning at 280 ms (Studies 1 & 2) were associated with the selection of the irrelevant color of the attended object. Source localization analyses suggested that the neural generators of the attention-related facilitation of the irrelevant color feature were situated in ventral occipital cortical regions near color-selective cortical areas. These data provide further evidence for the "integrated competition" model (Duncan, 1996; 1997), which posits that the neural basis for the perceptual integration of an attended object consists of enhanced activity in the network of specialized modules that encode its individual features, including those that are not relevant to the immediate task.
Download or read book Localising the Electrophysiological Correlates Selective Attention Using High density Electroencephalography written by Dion Terry Henare and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A typical visual scene includes many objects, but we are only aware of a small subset at any given time. In order to function in the world in spite of this limitation, we must selectively attend to goal-relevant objects while ignoring or suppressing irrelevant information. Previous research has used electroencephalography (EEG) to isolate brain potentials related to the selection of visual "targets", the suppression of "distractors", and processing in visual short term memory. Target selection is associated with the N2pc component of the visual evoked potential. N2pc typically occurs 180-250ms post-stimulus and manifests as increased negative voltage at posterior scalp electrodes contralateral to visual targets. A later potential with a more temporal scalp distribution, the Ptc, has been associated with the suppression of distractors, and a third final component, the SPCN, is believed to index visual short term memory processing. Here, we employed high-density EEG to provide evidence for the dissociation of N2pc, Ptc, and SPCN as well as estimates of their likely cortical generators. Participants responded to the orientation of a coloured target in amongst a circle of gray fillers while ignoring a coloured distractor. In half of the trials the target was lateralised while the distractor was on the midline, in the remaining trials this was reversed. This allowed us to dissociate the effects of targets and distractors. Our data show that the neural generators of the N2pc and Ptc are spatially dissociable, while the SPCN co-localises with the N2pc. This confirms previous indications that the N2pc, Ptc, and SPCN are functionally independent components of the VEP which index attentional selection, distractor suppression, and visual short term memory respectively.
Download or read book Neuronal Correlates of Selective Attention written by Daniel Senkowski and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention written by George R. Mangun and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention explores the fundamental mechanisms of attention and related cognitive functions from cognitive neuroscience perspectives. Attention is an essential cognitive ability that enables humans to process and act upon relevant information while ignoring distracting information, and the capacity to focus attention is at the core of mental functioning. Understanding the neural bases of human attention remains a key challenge for neuroscientists and psychologists, and is essential for translational efforts to treat attentional deficits in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Cognitive electrophysiology is at the center of a multidisciplinary approach that involves the efforts of psychologists, neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists to identify basic brain mechanisms and develop translational approaches to improve mental health. This edited volume is authored by leading investigators in the field and discusses methods focused on electrophysiological recordings in humans, including electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) methods, and also incorporates evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention illuminates specific models about attentional mechanisms in vision, audition, multisensory integration, memory, and semantic processing in humans. Provides an exhaustive overview of attention processes, going from normal functioning to the pathological, and using a combination of methodological tools An important reference for electrophysiology researchers looking at underlying attention processes rather than the methods themselves Enables researchers across a broad range of cognitive-process and methodological specialties to stay current on particular hypotheses, findings, and methods Edited and authored by the worldwide leaders in the field, affording the broadest, most expert coverage available
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Event Related Potential Components written by Steven J. Luck and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the major ERP components. It covers components related to multiple research domains, including perception, cognition, emotion, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and lifespan development.
Download or read book Electrophysiological Investigation of Feature based Attention During Object Perception written by Boge Bobby Stojanoski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrophysiological and Perceptual Correlates of Selective Attention written by Steven R. Sabat and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neural Substrate of Selective Attention written by Anne-Marie Shelley and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurobiology of Attention written by Laurent Itti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research. * Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention* Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader* Includes the most recent research results in this field of study
Download or read book Attentional Capture written by Bradley S. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion that certain mental or physical events can capture attention has been one of the most enduring topics in the study of attention owing to the importance of understanding how goal-directed and stimulus-driven processes interact in perception and cognition. Despite the clear theoretical and applied importance of attentional capture, a broad survey of this field suggests that the term "capture" means different things to different people. In some cases, it refers to covert shifts of spatial attention, in others involuntary saccades, and in still others general disruption of processing by irrelevant stimuli. The properties that elicit "capture" can also range from abruptly onset or moving lights, to discontinuities in textures, to unexpected tones, to emotionally valenced words or pictures, to directional signs and symbols. Attentional capture has been explored in both the spatial and temporal domains as well as the visual and auditory modalities. There are also a number of different theoretical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying "capture" (both functional and neurophysiological) and the level of cognitive control over capture. This special issue provides a sampling of the diversity of approaches, domains, and theoretical perspectives that currently exist in the study of attentional capture. Together, these contributions should help evaluate the degree to which attentional capture represents a unitary construct that reflects fundamental theoretical principles and mechanisms of the mind.
Download or read book Behavioral and Electrophysiological Correlates of Attention and Cross modal Distraction written by Lindsay Bell and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Attention refers to the selective allocation of processing resources. This allocation of resources is said to be greatly influenced by the presence of emotional stimuli within the perceptual array, as these stimuli may signal threat or reward. Accordingly, psychological models of visual attention predict that the processing of emotionally arousing stimuli will be enhanced compared to cues lacking such emotional relevance. Several prior neurocognitive studies have demonstrated an increased attentional response in the visual cortex related to the processing of emotional stimuli. However, the influence of emotional stimuli on behavioral response remains unclear. The present study examined the neural and behavioral responses to a visual arithmetic task in the presence of distracters in order to investigate whether the presence of these stimuli influenced attentional processing. Participants completed a series of simple arithmetic problems while high arousal, low arousal, and no-information visual and auditory distracters were presented. The accuracy of responding to arithmetic problems was analyzed as well as the steady-state visual evoked potential elicited by the primary task. This event-related potential was employed as an electrophysiological measure of the allocation of attention, as the amplitude of the sinosuidal waveform is increased significantly with attention. The results of this study revealed that highly arousing distracters impaired the accuracy of responding to the arithmetic problems compared to low arousal and no-information distracters. The examination of the amplitude of the steady-state visual evoked potential revealed that high arousal auditory distracters withdrew attentional processing from the primary visual task, whereas high arousal visual distracters led to a visual facilitation effect. A discussion of these findings and their relationship to previous attentional processing studies is provided.
Download or read book Detection of Change written by John Polich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the first systematic overview of how event-related brain potential (ERP), cognitive electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) measures reflect the mental events arising from changes in sensory stimulation. The contents are fresh, the literature distillations highly informative, and the range of topics extremely useful for cognitive neuroscientists, psychologists, and researchers.
Download or read book Objects and Attention written by Brian J. Scholl and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of object-based models of attention.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Neuroscience written by Marc D. Binder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-10-13 with total page 4398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 5000-page masterwork is literally the last word on the topic and will be an essential resource for many. Unique in its breadth and detail, this encyclopedia offers a comprehensive and highly readable guide to a complex and fast-expanding field. The five-volume reference work gathers more than 10,000 entries, including in-depth essays by internationally known experts, and short keynotes explaining essential terms and phrases. In addition, expert editors contribute detailed introductory chapters to each of 43 topic fields ranging from the fundamentals of neuroscience to fascinating developments in the new, inter-disciplinary fields of Computational Neuroscience and Neurophilosophy. Some 1,000 multi-color illustrations enhance and expand the writings.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Attention written by Kia Nobre and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last three decades, there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of selective attention at the network as well as the cellular level. The Oxford Handbook of Attention brings together the different research areas that constitute contemporary attention research into one comprehensive and authoritative volume. In 40 chapters, it covers the most important aspects of attention research from the areas of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, human and animal neuroscience, computational modelling, and philosophy. The book is divided into 4 main sections. Following an introduction from Michael Posner, the books starts by looking at theoretical models of attention. The next two sections are dedicated to spatial attention and non-spatial attention respectively. Within section 4, the authors consider the interactions between attention and other psychological domains. The last two sections focus on attention-related disorders, and finally, on computational models of attention. Aimed at both scholars and students, the Oxford Handbook of Attention provides a concise and state-of-the-art review of the current literature in this field.
Download or read book Cognitive Components in Cerebral Event related Potentials and Selective Attention written by John E. Desmedt and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrophysiological Correlates of Processing Unattended Objects in Visual Cognition written by Elley Wakui and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
