Download or read book Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes written by Masashi Hayakawa and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquakes and Volcanoes written by Birbal Singh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake prediction studies based on electromagnetic techniques have drawn considerable global attention in recent years. This technique is based on ground and satellite based monitoring of electromagnetic signals in a broad frequency range between DC and VHF employing variety of sensors. Definite earthquake precursors have been reported from these experiments. Besides the above, ionospheric perturbations and geochemical anomalies have also been reported prior to the occurrence of the earthquakes. This book contains some important research output in the above fields obtained by well-known researchers. More precisely, there are descriptions on recent progress in VAN method, anomalies in ULF/VLF signals, ionospheric parameters and Schumann resonance etc. The book also includes one topic not related to seismicity which deals with space weather, Trimpi phenomena, and neural network approach to TSP solutions etc.
Download or read book Abstracts of the International Workshop on Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction written by Masashi Hayakawa and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earthquake Prediction written by Gokhberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-11-09 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents an account of electromagnetic phenomena in the earth's crust immediately preceding a tectonic earthquake. Results collected from the satellite and groundbased observations are analyzed and form the basis of various conceptual explanatio
Download or read book Electromagnetic Phenomena Related to Earthquake Prediction written by M. Hayakawa and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated With Earthquakes written by Masashi Hayakawa and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An earthquake (EQ) is probably the most disastrous natural phenomenon. The depth toll from large EQs during the last century exceeded two million people. The corresponding geography of the most damaging EQs included 25 countries. The top ten of those were Iran, China, Turkey, Japan, India, Italy, the former USSR, Indonesia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and the others were Chile, Algeria, Colombia, Peru, Guatemala, The Philippines, Nicaragua, Romania, Morocco, Mexico, Argentine, USA, Jamaica, Yugoslavia, and El Salvador. During the recent 10 years from 1995 to the beginning of 2006, more than 400,000 people were killed by EQ catastrophes. We were also extremely shocked by the serious hazard by a recent Sichuan EQ in China on May 12, 2008. The origin of an EQ is still poorly understood, but the problem of short-term EQ prediction is an urgent issue of human beings. For a rather long time, the scientific community has relied mainly on the traditional Earth science disciplines in solving this problem: seismology, tectonics, geodynamics, and so on. However, a conceptual breakdown took place in seismology about 15 years ago. It was discovered that conventional models of EQ preparation were not valid, and there appeared doubts as to the possibility of successful EQ prediction using purely seismic observations. Heterogeneity and nonlinearity in seismic processes in a state of so-called self-organized criticality, causing unpredictable behavior of a tectonically activated region after some time of consideration (the limited memory of the system), became understood. At the same time there emerged some ideas on new alternative field methods, with particular emphasis on radio-physical sounding and even satellite observations. These gradually took the place of traditional studies on the quasi-steady electric and magnetic fields, resistivity, magneto-telluric impedance, and geodetic changes, which were found to be inefficient. By that stage, enthusiastic groups in several countries have already shown some evidence of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena. A new approach to study seismo-electromagnetic phenomena has recently emerged, and we call it Seismo-electromagnetics and related phenomena . This is a study of short-term processes of the EQ sequence by mainly non-seismic methods. This field has become firmly established since the early 1990s. It differs from its predecessor, which was known for a long time as the non-seismic precursors of EQs, both in methods and ideology. Modern technologies for observation of seismically induced perturbations and proper data processing are applied. First of all, these are radio-physical methods of atmospheric and ionospheric sounding by means of radio signals from VLF, LF, and HF transmitters. Pulsating ULF electromagnetic and seismo-acoustic emissions (the so-called ULF and acoustic foreshocks), and higher-frequency emissions on the ground and onboard plasma variations on low-orbital satellites, are then recorded. These data, together with closely related data on hydrology/geochemistry in wells and hot springs, satellite remote sensing of the ground surface, and atmospheric parameters, comprise the factual basis of the research. Two main problems are suggested as follows: (1) the mechanisms of strong intra-plate EQ triggering, and (2) lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling due to seismicity. There were at least three reasons for attracting our attention and enlarging the scope of this type of research. The first was the discovery of several intriguing observational facts. Among these, it is worth mentioning the approximately simultaneous finding of specific ultra-low-frequency (ULF) electromagnetic emissions before and after the large Loma Prieta EQ in the USA and the large Spitak EQ in the former USSR. The results in both countries looked very similar, and they were therefore convincing. Fraser-Smith et al. (1990) observed intensive ULF emissions practically above the hypocenter of the EQ, which was at a depth of about 10 km. They found the first enhancement two to three weeks before the EQ, and a second sharp increase just before the EQ. The geomagnetic activity before the EQ was very quiet, so they concluded that these ULF emissions were likely to be an EQ signature. A noticeable impact was also produced by the discovery of clear seismic-induced perturbations near the atmosphere-ionosphere boundary with the use of VLF transmitter signal sounding before the famous Kobe EQ in Japan. This effect was proven by subsequent statistics before eleven great EQs. Hayakawa et al. (1996) observed a very significant shift in the evening terminator time (the terminator time is defined as the time when there is a minimum in amplitude (or in phase) around sunrise or sunset) with the use of a 2s criterion, when s is the monthly standard deviation. Similar phenomena were also observed for many other EQs. The second reason was that the Japanese government established special research programs to investigate short-term (at least) EQ forecasting after the shock and sorrow following the great Kobe EQ. This was driven by a general demand from the Japanese people for warnings of such disastrous events. These programs included the Frontier/RIKEN and Frontier/NASDA projects, which investigated electromagnetic and some other effects associated with seismicity. Many valuable results were obtained, and two networks of ULF and VLF stations in Japan were developed. However, it was perhaps most important that these projects promoted an international consolidation of the research on seismo-electromagnetics. Special symposia in Chofu, Tokyo, were attended by specialists from about 20 countries (see the comprehensive collection of papers edited by Hayakawa and Fujinawa (1994), by Hayakawa (1999), and by Hayakawa and Molchanov (2002)). Similar research projects followed in Taiwan, India, Italy, and Russia. In the framework of a Japanese-Russian collaboration, a special station Karymshino, was established in the Kamchatka peninsula (in far-eastern Russia). It is designed for regular complex monitoring (including local seismicity, ULF electric and magnetic field variations, seismo-acoustic emission, VLF transmitter signals, hydrology and geochemistry changes in the wells and springs, and atmospheric parameters), in addition to data on regional seismicity (27 stations). The station is situated in a rural place with low industrial interference, but with frequent seismicity. At present, it is considered as a reference station for Japanese networks. The third reason was the realization of an exclusive satellite mission, DEMETER, in France. The satellite was designed for the investigation of electromagnetic effects related to EQs, and anthropogenic electromagnetic-wave influences on the ionosphere. Pre-seismic electromagnetic effects observed on satellites were first reported in Russia, and they were then intensively discussed during the preparation of DEMETER and in the framework of the Frontier/NASDA project in Japan. This pioneering satellite was at last launched on June 29, 2004, with the intension of studying seismically associated plasma and wave phenomena. Numerous data are now being analyzed by French specialists and guest investigators in different countries. Being extremely timely with these progresses in the field of seismo electromagnetics, I had a kind invitation from the publisher, Research Signpost, to edit a review monograph on our topic. I intended to cover all different branches of this new and challenging science field with the help of senior and qualified scientists. The authors of this monograph have done significant pioneering works in each field. Even though they have been so busy, they were pleased to join us in this book project. Without the pleasant helps by these authors, this book cannot be realized. The topic covers the radio emissions in the lithosphere, laboratory experiments, geochemical phenomena, radio emissions in the atmosphere, seismic-effects in the atmosphere and ionosphere, satellite observation of seismogenic phenomena, and the mechanisms of lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling etc. We do hope that this monograph would provide you with the present art-of-state information on seismo electromagnetics. Finally, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Ms. Yuki Togo for her editorial assistance.
Download or read book Earthquake Prediction with Radio Techniques written by Masashi Hayakawa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest achievements of earthquake prediction via radio communication systems, by the world's leading authority Prof. Hayakawa is one of the world leaders in the field of seismo-electromagnetics for EQ prediction and this area of research is still evolving Presents the fundamentals of radio communications and radio propagation, using the radio noises and propagation anomalies as a precursor of earthquakes Considers the combination of different kinds of seismogenic electromagnetic signals of both natural and artificial character Timely topic following the recent sequence of highly destructive earthquakes around the world
Download or read book Earthquakes And Animals From Folk Legends To Science written by Motoji Ikeya and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-06-25 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Those who survive major earthquakes often report the occurrence of mysterious phenomena beforehand — unusual animal and plant behavior, lightning, strange clouds and malfunctioning electrical appliances. In fact these stories are legendary the world over. But are they merely legends? Are the many people who report them just superstitious or suffering from over-active imaginations?Earthquakes and Animals brings objective science to bear on these old legends. But this is not the suspect science associated with recent attempts to validate UFO sightings. The book places in front of the reader the simple laboratory evidence for the behaviour of animals, plants and objects when they are subjected to intense electromagnetic pulses. In many cases they behave in ways that have been recorded for centuries — and are still reported today — as earthquake-related.Written for both the general public and scientists, Earthquakes and Animals demonstrates experimentally a physical basis for the old earthquake legends. It also adds tantalisingly to the science of earthquake prediction and cautiously suggests a legitimate new field of study — electromagnetic seismology.
Download or read book ULF ELF Electromagnetic Phenomena for Short term Earthquake Prediction written by Alexander Schekotov and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-19 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pre Earthquake Processes written by Dimitar Ouzounov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-Earthquake signals are advanced warnings of a larger seismic event. A better understanding of these processes can help to predict the characteristics of the subsequent mainshock. Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies presents the latest research on earthquake forecasting and prediction based on observations and physical modeling in China, Greece, Italy, France, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States. Volume highlights include: Describes the earthquake processes and the observed physical signals that precede them Explores the relationship between pre-earthquake activity and the characteristics of subsequent seismic events Encompasses physical, atmospheric, geochemical, and historical characteristics of pre-earthquakes Illustrates thermal infrared, seismo–ionospheric, and other satellite and ground-based pre-earthquake anomalies Applies these multidisciplinary data to earthquake forecasting and prediction Written for seismologists, geophysicists, geochemists, physical scientists, students and others, Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies offers an essential resource for understanding the dynamics of pre-earthquake phenomena from an international and multidisciplinary perspective.
Download or read book Seismoelectric Exploration written by Niels Grobbe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismoelectric coupling and its current and potential future applications The seismoelectric method—the naturally-occurring coupling of seismic waves to electromagnetic fields—can provide insight into important properties of porous media. With a variety of potential environmental and engineering uses, as well as larger scale applications such as earthquake detection and oil and gas exploration, it offers a number of advantages over conventional geophysical methods. Seismoelectric Exploration: Theory, Experiments, and Applications explores the coupling between poroelastic and electromagnetic disturbances, discussing laboratory experiments, numerical modeling techniques, recent theoretical developments, and field studies. Volume highlights include: Physics of the seismoelectric effect at the microscale Governing equations describing coupled seismo-electromagnetic fields Examples of successful seismoelectric field experiments in different geological settings Current and potential applications of seismoelectric coupling Noise removal techniques for seismoelectric field measurements The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Download or read book Earthquake Prediction by Seismic Electric Signals written by Mary S. Lazaridou-Varotsos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As evidenced dramatically and tragically in 2011 alone,earthquakes cause devastation and their consequences in terms of human suffering and economic disaster can last for years or even decades. The VAN method of earthquake prediction, based on the detection and measurement of low frequency electric signals called Seismic Electric Signals (SES), has been researched and evaluated over 30 years, and now constitutes the only earthquake prediction effort that has led to concrete successful results. This book recounts the history of the VAN method, detailing how it has developed and been tested under international scrutiny. Earthquake Prediction by Seismic Electric Signals • describes, step by step, the development of the VAN method since 1981; • explains both the theoretical model underpinning the research and the physical properties of SES; • analyzes the SES recordings and the prediction for each major earthquake in Greece over the last 25 years; • introduces a new time domain, natural time, which plays a key role in predicting impending catastrophic events.
Download or read book Seismic Waves written by Masaki Kanao and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, but it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from a theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. The major topics in this book cover aspects on seismic wave propagation, characteristics of their velocities and attenuation, deformation process of the Earth's medium, seismic source process and tectonic dynamics with relating observations, as well as propagation modeling of seismic waves.
Download or read book A Critical Review of VAN written by Sir M. J. Lighthill and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acronym VAN refers to Drs Varotsos, Alexopoulos and Nomicos, members of a group based in the University of Athens and led by Professor Varotsos (head of the Physics Department) which for over a decade has sought to use electric-field measurements between electrodes buried in the earth to predict earthquakes in Greece over periods of order one month or less. But is such ?short-term? prediction achievable by the VAN approach (or by any other)? This book is an objective collection of the arguments for ? and the counterarguments against ? that approach, intended to help scientific readers arrive at their own answers to this important question, as well as to others (including that of VAN's ?export? potential).
Download or read book Living on an Active Earth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.
Download or read book Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes written by Sergey Pulinets and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-15 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the kind permission given to me by my co-author, this short preface will be written in my name. I want to devote this book to San Juan city in Argentina. It is not only due to the fact that the city was twice completely destroyed after the devastating ear- quakes in 1941 and 1977, but also because my stay there completely changed my life. Changes included changing my career from the field of space plasma physics to Earth sciences and geophysics, and changes in my personal life giving me h- piness and compliance in my present family. Going back to the subject of the book, it should be noted that the history of the question asked by the book is very complicated and intricate. Starting in the 1930s from the observation of seismogenic electric fields, the area of seismo-ionospheric coupling became an area of fighting and conflicts, hopes and frustrations. Spe- lation and misunderstanding on the interdisciplinary borders made this field for many years (even up to now) taboo for so-called "serious scientists". But due to the courageous efforts of several groups in Russia and the former USSR states such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, Japan, later France and Taiwan, Greece and Italy the situation started to improve.
Download or read book Predicting the Unpredictable written by Susan Elizabeth Hough and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why seismologists still can't predict earthquakes An earthquake can strike without warning and wreak horrific destruction and death, whether it's the catastrophic 2010 quake that took a devastating toll on the island nation of Haiti or a future great earthquake on the San Andreas Fault in California, which scientists know is inevitable. Yet despite rapid advances in earthquake science, seismologists still can’t predict when the Big One will hit. Predicting the Unpredictable explains why, exploring the fact and fiction behind the science—and pseudoscience—of earthquake prediction. Susan Hough traces the continuing quest by seismologists to forecast the time, location, and magnitude of future quakes. She brings readers into the laboratory and out into the field—describing attempts that have raised hopes only to collapse under scrutiny, as well as approaches that seem to hold future promise. She also ventures to the fringes of pseudoscience to consider ideas outside the scientific mainstream. An entertaining and accessible foray into the world of earthquake prediction, Predicting the Unpredictable illuminates the unique challenges of predicting earthquakes.
