Download or read book Effects of the Annual Migration of the Antarctic Pack ice Border on Cyclonic Storm Activity Over the Southern Ocean written by Stephen James Kachelhoffer and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Antarctic Journal of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Antarctic Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Climatic and Synoptic Study of the Weddell Sea Region During the Austral Fall Months written by Fred Grant Komro and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Asymmetric Patterns in the Atmosphere and Sea Ice During Polar Cyclones and Their Changes Under Global Warming written by Robin Clancy and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial structure of polar cyclones is often considered to be largely symmetrical and distinct from that of midlatitude cyclones, however we use ERA5 reanalysis and a cyclone-centered compositing method to show that polar cyclones display clear asymmetries in their atmospheric structure much like those in midlatitude cyclones, including a warm, moist sector to the east, a cold dry sector to the west, and frontal uplift. Antarctic and Arctic cyclones share many similarities in their spatial structure, however the geography of the Southern Ocean results in a more equatorward storm track and larger perturbations to atmospheric fields. The same cyclone-centered compositing method is applied to satellite sea ice concentration data and output from the CICE5 sea ice model to show that the response of sea ice to polar cyclones is not one of uniform gain or loss of concentration and thickness, but more of a redistribution, as both Arctic and Antarctic cyclones drive sea ice concentration and thickness decreases to the east of the cyclone center, but increases to the west of the cyclone center. A primarily dynamic mechanism is demonstrated to drive the east-west difference in sea ice response to cyclones, with the combination of cyclonic sea ice advection and meridional gradients in the sea ice playing a key role. As is the case for atmospheric fields, the sea ice response to Antarctic cyclones is slightly larger and more consistent across seasons than for Arctic cyclones. We extend this analysis to evaluate how the influence of Arctic cyclones on sea ice may change under global warming using projections from the CESM1 large ensemble. Large reductions in the meridional gradient of sea ice thickness under global warming result in a reduced influence of Arctic cyclones on sea ice thickness, while sea ice concentration gradients change much less, and therefore changes in the influence of Arctic cyclones on sea ice concentration are also much smaller. Many of the noted changes in the response of sea ice to Arctic cyclones are driven by patterns of greater sea ice thickness loss under global warming where the sea ice is initially thickest, and sea ice concentration loss primarily at the ice edge. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of considering the full spatial patterns of the responses of the atmosphere and sea ice to polar cyclones. In doing so, we may better understand the role of Arctic cyclones on the natural variability of the atmosphere and sea ice on timescales of days to years, helping us to make accurate forecasts and to separate natural variability and anthropogenically forced changes in polar regions.

Download or read book Australian Meteorological Magazine written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mesoscale Cyclones Over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean written by Michelle D'Amico and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the high southern latitudes small scale cyclones, known as mesoscale cyclones, with a horizontal scale of up to 2000km in diameter and a short lifetime of between 3 hours and 3 days are observed to occur frequently. These small scale storms vary in their intensity from a light breeze to hurricane strength winds. They are associated with heavy precipitation and can cause severe damage at research stations on the Antarctic continent and can disrupt shipping and aircraft operations in the Southern Ocean region. The study of Southern Ocean cyclones is of great importance to the safety and efficiency of operations in the Antarctic due to their intense wind speeds, however, due to the limited amounts of data in the polar regions, especially the south polar region, much is still unknown about the climatology of these important small scale features of the climate system. This study is designed to further the understanding of these systems through the use of mesoscale cyclone climatologies produced with AVHRR satellite data and the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) data.

Download or read book Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change written by Yassine Charabi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-19 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical cyclones are topic that is not appropriately known to the public at large, but climate change has been on the public’s mind since the last decade and a concern that has peaked in the new millennium. Like the television programs of Jean Yves Cousteau the ‘plight of the oceans’, have recent documentaries nurtured a conscio- ness that major climatological changes are in the offing, even have started to develop. The retreat of glaciers on mountain tops and in Polar Regions is ‘being seen’ on ‘the small screen’ and has favored an environmental awareness in all populations that are enjoying an average well-being on Planet Earth. The vivid images on screen of storms, floods, and tsunamis share the fear provoking landscapes of deforestation, desertification and the like. Watching such as this one is seen are voices warning of what over is ‘in store’ if the causative problems are not remedied. Talking and d- cussing are useful, but action must follow. Understanding the full ramifications of climate change on tropical cyclones is a task that will takes several decades. In Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) a high probability of major changes in tropical cyclone activity across the various ocean basins is highlighted.

Download or read book Bibliography on Snow Ice and Frozen Ground with Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book Cyclones and Anticyclones South of 500 South written by United States. Navy. Weather Research Facility and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of the Southern Ocean Winds on Sea ice Ocean Interaction and Its Associated Global Ocean Circulation in a Warming World written by Woo Geunn Cheon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation discusses a linkage between the Southern Ocean (SO) winds and the global ocean circulation in the framework of a coarse-resolution global ocean general circulation model coupled to a sea-ice model. In addition to reexamination of the conventional linkage that begins with northward Ekman transport and extends to the North Atlantic (NA) overturning, the author investigates a new linkage that begins with the Southern Hemisphere (SH) sea-ice 0́3 ocean interaction perturbed by the anomalous SO winds and extends to the SH overturning, the response of the NA overturning, and the long-term baroclinic adjustment of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). How the above two linkages will interact with each other in a warming world is also investigated. An interactive momentum flux forcing, allowing for the strength of momentum flux between atmosphere and sea ice to vary in response to the simulated sea-ice conditions, enhances wind-driven ice divergence to increase the fraction of leads and polynyas, which increases dense water formation, and thus intensifies convection. Within three experimental frameworks, this increased dense water consistently increases the Antarctic Bottom Water formation, which directly intensifies the SH overturning and indirectly weakens the NA overturning. As a result of the hemispheric change in overturning circulations, the meridional density gradient across the ACC appears to increase, ultimately increasing the baroclinic part of the ACC via an enhanced thermal wind shear. Subsequently, impacts of the poleward shifted and intensified SH subpolar westerly winds (SWWs) on the global ocean circulation are investigated in phases. When the SWWs are only shifted poleward, the effect of the anomalous winds is transmitted to the northern NA, decreasing both the NA overturning and the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) outflow. However, when the SWWs are shifted poleward and intensified, this effect is cut off by the intensified Deacon cell overturning, and is not transmitted to the northern NA, and instead increases the NADW outflow substantially. To sum up, with respect to the SO winds perturbed by the global warming, the SH overturning cell and the NADW outflow increase, leading to an increase in the volume transport of the ACC.

Download or read book Impact of Clouds and Large Scale Climate Forcing on the Surface Energy Balance and Melting of West Antarctica written by Ryan Scott and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: West Antarctica is experiencing rapid ice loss and complex regional climate change. This dissertation investigates how cloud properties and the large-scale atmospheric circulation influence surface heat exchange and melting on West Antarctic ice shelves and ice sheet margins using field measurements, satellite observations, and atmospheric reanalysis data. Surface-based shortwave spectral irradiance measurements and satellite data reveal strong orographic controls on West Antarctic cloud formation and ice-phase microphysics. Orographically-forced updrafts and waves favor rapid conversion of supercooled liquid water into ice, which efficiently attenuates incoming solar near-infrared energy. Frequent intrusions of marine air from the Amundsen Sea anchor a semipermanent cloud band over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) that continues downstream along the Transantarctic Mountain range. Cloud systems sampled downstream at Ross Island tend to be optically thin and radiatively dominated by ice water. In contrast, direct onshore flows of marine air from the Southern Ocean bring low clouds with enhanced liquid-phase spectral signatures. Radiative transfer calculations using vertically-resolved cloud data indicate that, owing to a dominance of longwave effects, clouds radiatively warm the surface of the WAIS in every month of the year. On annual average, cloud cover is estimated to warm the grounded ice-sheet by 34 Watts per square-meter. Thin low-level liquid-bearing clouds, which favor strong radiative heat input to the snow surface, are common during the summer melt season. Summer atmospheric warming in West Antarctica is favored by blocking activity over the Amundsen Sea and a negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode, which both correlate with El Niño conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Extensive melt events on the Ross and Pacific-sector coastal ice shelves are linked to persistent, intense Amundsen Sea anticyclones, which force intrusions of marine air over the ice-sheet. Surface melting is driven by enhanced downwelling longwave radiation from clouds and a warm, moist atmosphere and by downward turbulent mixing of sensible heat by föhn winds. Since the late 1990s, concurrent with accelerating ocean-driven WAIS mass loss, summer surface melt occurrence has increased from the Pine Island and Thwaites Glacier systems to the eastern Ross Ice Shelf, linked to increasing anticyclonic marine influence and regional sea-ice loss.

Download or read book On the Development of Antarctic Katabatic Winds and Their Impact on Ocean and Ice Processes in the Coastal Southern Ocean with Implications for Primary Productivity written by Scott Lawrence Goodrick and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1970-12 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

Download or read book Cyclone Impacts on Sea Ice in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean written by Lars Aue and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is the hot spot of the ongoing, global climate change. Over the last decades, near-surface temperatures in the Arctic have been rising almost four times faster than on global average. This amplified warming of the Arctic and the associated rapid changes of its environment are largely influenced by interactions between individual components of the Arctic climate system. On daily to weekly time scales, storms can have major impacts on the Arctic sea-ice cover and are thus an important part of these interactions within the Arctic climate. The sea-ice impacts of storms are related to high wind speeds, which enhance the drift and deformation of sea ice, as well as to changes in the surface energy budget in association with air mass advection, which impact the seasonal sea-ice growth and melt. The occurrence of storms in the Arctic is typically associated with the passage of transient cyclones. Even though the above described mechanisms how storms/cyclones impact the Arctic sea ice are in principal known, there is a lack of statistical quantification of these effects. [...].

Download or read book Modeling Investigation of Northern Hemisphere Extratropical Storm Variability and Changes in a Warming Climate written by Soumik Basu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extratropical cyclones are fundamental elements for shaping weather patterns, causing fluctuations of temperatures, bringing rain or snow, and carrying winds to impact daily life. The intensity and number of North Hemisphere extratropical cyclones have demonstrated large interannual variability and long-term changes. To understand the variability and changes, we conducted a modeling investigation using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model. Specifically, we examined the effects of two surface forcing factors, including sea surface temperature (SST) associated with El Niño and Arctic sea-ice cover, which represent a major source of natural variability and climate changes. Our modeling investigation indicates that the tropical Pacific SST and Arctic sea ice have significant impacts on Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude and Arctic cyclone activities. The elevated tropical Pacific SST leads to more numerous intense storms over southwestern, southeastern, and northwestern North America, but fewer weaker storms over the northeast. The underlying physical mechanism is enhanced lower tropospheric baroclinicity, which is attributable to a southward shift and an intensification of the subtropical jet. The decreased Arctic sea-ice cover leads to an increased storm activity over the Arctic but a decrease in the mid-latitudes. A corresponding examination of surface climate shows anomalously higher surface air temperature and precipitation when low Arctic sea-ice cover occurs, due to an integrative contribution from an increase in surface sensible and latent heat fluxes and horizontal heat advection. In contrast, reduced Arctic sea ice weakens storm activity and intensifies anticyclones over Eurasia, giving rise to decreased surface air temperature and precipitation. Unlike many other parameters, the Arctic sea ice has shown a dramatic decline in addition to interannual fluctuations. We therefore conducted further modeling experiments to identify the role of this long term sea-ice trend on storm activity. The results show that the long-term decline causes a weakening of overall storm activity but an increase in extreme storm events over the Northern Hemisphere. The atmospheric energetic analysis suggests that the increased conversion rate between transient available potential energy and transient kinetic energy is a leading factor in supporting the increased frequency of extreme storms. Over Eurasia, changes in storm activity are mainly governed by the mean kinetic energy of the atmospheric circulation and its conversion to the transient kinetic energy.