Download or read book Effects of Temperature on Growth Metabolic Rate and Lower Dissolved Oxygen Tolerance of Speckled Peacock Bass Cichla Temensis written by Manuel E. Coffill-Rivera and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I examined the effects of temperature (25, 30, and 35°C) on growth, standard metabolic rate (SMR), and lower dissolved oxygen tolerance (LDOT) of juvenile Speckled Peacock Bass Cichla temensis. Fish were acclimated to 150-L aquaria for 7 weeks before the growth, SMR, and LDOT experiments. The growth study lasted 58 days and fish acclimated to 25 and 30°C displayed similar growth rates, while fish acclimated to 35°C had very poor growth rates. The SMR and LDOT experiments were performed using intermittent respirometers. Fish acclimated to 25°C had the lowest SMR, followed by 30°C, and finally 35°C. The highest LDOT was observed at 25°C, followed by 30°C, and finally 35°C. Collectively, these results suggest that 25-30°C is within the thermal optima of Speckled Peacock Bass for grow-out and survival in an aquaculture setting. Further, I recommend maintaining dissolved oxygen concentrations at or near saturation.

Download or read book Effect of Increased Temperature and Decreased Food Quality on Metabolism and Growth of an Algivorous Cichlid Tropheus Duboisi and Effect of Food Habit on the Field Metabolism of African Cichlids written by Lesley Yu-Jung Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The metabolic rate of an organism is influenced by mass, temperature, and diet. Climate change is anticipated to increase ambient temperatures of aquatic systems and decrease the quality of food available to algivorous fish. We conducted a lab experiment and a field study to quantify the influence that temperature and diet have on standard and field metabolic rate of cichlids from Lake Tanganyika. The lab experiment demonstrated the effects of increased temperature and decreased food quality on the relative growth rate (RGR) and standard metabolic rate of an algivorous cichlid, Tropheus duboisi. We found that in all temperature treatments fish fed a high quality diet had significantly higher RGR than fish fed a low quality diet and that fish at the highest temperature (32 °C) grew at half of the rate of fish at the lower temperatures (26 °C and 29 °C). Neither food quality nor temperature significantly affected the standard metabolic rate of the fish. I conclude that the effects of decreased food quality on RGR from climate change will be a more immediate stressor than increased temperature on metabolic rate. I also measured the field metabolic rates of seven species of African cichlids from three trophic levels. Both mass-specific metabolic rate and gut-fullness scaled positively with activity level. The algivores had the highest metabolic rates, which may be a result of their higher levels of activity and increased gut-fullness relative to other trophic levels.

Download or read book Effects of Elevated Temperature on Metabolic Performance and Thermal Tolerance of a Widespread African Cichlid written by Laura McDonnell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Rising water temperature due to climate change is increasingly recognized as a potential stressor for aquatic organisms, particularly for tropical ectotherms that experience small temperature fluctuations, often show narrow thermal windows, and seem to live relatively close to their maximum thermal tolerance. Despite this, very few studies have considered the physiological response of tropical freshwater fish to thermal increase. In this thesis, I conducted a set of short-term acclimation experiments to quantify the thermal sensitivity of aerobic metabolism and swimming performance, and determine the critical thermal maximum of a well-studied tropical fish. Measuring metabolic and performance parameters in parallel across a wide thermal range allowed me to test a series of predictions of a conceptual framework (oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance, OCLTT). Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae Seegers, a small, widespread African cichlid, underwent short-term acclimation to ecologically relevant temperature increases, encompassing its natural ambient thermal environment and projected increase by the end of the century. Physiological trials were conducted using intermittent-flow resting and swimming respirometry as well as critical thermal tolerance methodology. In my first chapter, I measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit), as well as critical thermal maximum (CTMax) of P. multicolor collected from Lake Kayanja, Uganda, a population living near the upper thermal range of the species. Fish were acclimated to 23, 26, 29 and 32 °C for three days for measures of RMR and Pcrit, and seven days for CTMax. Both RMR and Pcrit were higher in fish acclimated to 32 °C, indicating significant thermal stress at temperatures only slightly (~1 °C) above the natural thermal range of this population. However, CTMax increased in an approximately linear fashion with acclimation temperature indicating some degree of thermal compensation induced by short-term exposure to higher temperatures. In my second chapter, I performed a repeated-measures acclimation experiment with fish from two populations of P. multicolor, that occupy habitats characterized by different thermal regimes. Each fish was acclimated (seven days) and tested over a 24-34 °C range (2 °C intervals). I quantified effects of thermal increases on standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximal metabolic rate (MMR), net aerobic scope (ASnet), factorial aerobic scope (FAS), critical swim speed (Ucrit), and cost of transport at Ucrit (COTUcrit). Population effects were not significant, while temperature effects were significant for SMR, FAS, Ucrit, and COTUcrit. SMR increased between 24 and 32 °C, but decreased at 34 °C. MMR showed no change with elevated temperature; thus change in FAS was driven primarily by the SMR response. Ucrit was highest at the intermediate temperatures, whereas COTUcrit increased across the thermal range. Depression of SMR at 34 °C could potentially be an immediate stress response inducing hypometabolism that could facilitate persistence under thermal stress on the short-term. Some findings supported the OCLTT concept: MMR did not increase with temperature acclimation; FAS was driven primarily by changes in SMR; and Topt (estimated as the temperature where Ucrit was high and COTUcrit was low) corresponded to the first peak in FAS. However, FAS did not drive increased swim performance in the upper thermal range of the experiment, suggesting that oxygen consumption allocation was shifted from Ucrit to another aerobically-driven activity such as gill ventilation. Overall, these results emphasize the need for integrative studies that link aerobic capacity to performance metrics, and specifically indicate that elevated water temperatures can induce metabolic costs that may limit overall aerobic performance and whole-organism functioning of an equatorial freshwater fish." --

Download or read book The Dissolved oxygen Requirements of Three Species of Fish written by Donovan D. Moss and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Temperature on the Growth of Bluegill Sunfish written by David Lou Weaver and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissolved Oxygen Requirements of Freshwater Fishes written by Peter Doudoroff and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Combined Effects of Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature on Aerobic Respiration and Respiratory Recovery Responses of the Spioniform Polychaete Streblospio Gynobranchiata in Relation to Body Size written by Alyssa D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elevated surface temperatures exacerbate the threat of hypoxia within coastal ecosystems. These two primary stressors likely interact as they elicit opposing physiological responses from marine organisms. Metabolic depression is typically associated with hypoxia, while metabolic rates increase with temperature. Moreover, physiological effects of combined stressors may not be additive. In light of increasing pressures from hypoxia, elevated ocean temperatures, and other stressors within coastal regions, studies need to examine effects of multiple stressors on physiology of coastal organisms. Mass-specific aerobic respiration (VO2) was characterized as a proxy for metabolic cost of Streblospio gynobranchiata, at combined levels of dissolved oxygen and temperature relative to body size. Also, changes in VO2 during acclimation to hypoxia and respiratory recovery following hypoxia exposure were examined. Overall, oxyregulatory abilities were maintained with decreasing dissolved oxygen levels and increasing temperatures except at the highest temperature treatment, indicating the critical temperature was reached within the treatment range. Over a 12 hour period of hypoxia exposure, this species showed an initial acclimation period, followed by a decreased VO2 for the remainder of the exposure. After returning to aerated conditions following acclimation to hypoxia, VO2 appeared to increase and decrease in two cycles over a 12 hour period, possibly reflecting energy cycling in terms of ATP usage. VO2 peaked at 10 hours, overshooting reference normoxia readings, perhaps indicating an oxygen debt. Streblospio gynobranchiata exhibited a high tolerance to these combined stressors, however, further challenges by decreasing oxygen and increasing temperatures may surpass this species’ ability to meet energy demands.

Download or read book The Effects of Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen on a Model Fish Population written by Cynthia M. Lovelock and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Lipid Sources and Temperature on the Critical Oxygen Level Perit Hypoxia Tolerance and Routine Metabolic Rate of Juvenile Yellowtail Kingfish Seriola Lalandi written by Caroline Lourdes Candebat and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating the Effects of Temperature on the Metabolic Rates of Two Sedentary Marine Fishes the Bluebanded Goby and the Woolly Sculpin written by Racine E. Rangel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Increasing variation in ocean temperature may affect the metabolism and energetic demands of many species. Understanding such effects is particularly important for sedentary species that cannot make large-scale movements in response to changes in environmental conditions. I examined how metabolic rates responded to temperature in the bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli) and the Woolly Sculpin (Clinocottus analis). Oxygen consumption and metabolic rate increased significantly with temperature for both species, but L. dalli was much more sensitive to the effects of temperature than C. analis (Q 10 values were 5.21 and 3.02, respectively). Thermal fluctuations likely play a significant role in the ecology of these species and continued increases in seawater temperature will either necessitate an increase in foraging and food consumption or drive costly trade-offs between metabolism and processes such as growth and reproduction.

Download or read book Hypoxia and Thermal Tolerance in New Zealand Triplefin Fishes written by Tristan John McArley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature and the availability of oxygen (O2) each have a profound influence on the metabolism of fish and play a key role in shaping the distribution and abundance of species. All fishes are exposed to at least some fluctuation in each of these environmental parameters, but few species are subjected to the extreme acute changes in O2 availability and temperature faced by fishes inhabiting intertidal rock pools. This thesis, with a focus on intertidal species, explores the physiological responses of New Zealand triplefin fishes to variability in O2 availability (hypoxia and hyperoxia) and increased temperature (acute and chronic exposure). Decreased O2 availability (hypoxia) is common in rock pools and challenges the aerobic metabolism of fishes living in these habitats. In Chapter 2, the critical O2 tension (Pcrit) - a measure of hypoxia tolerance - was compared between two intertidal and two subtidal triplefin fishes endemic to New Zealand. The intertidal species had a lower Pcrit than the subtidal species indicating adaptations to meet O2 demands of maintenance metabolism at lower O2 tensions. While maintenance metabolism (measured as standard metabolic rate; SMR) did not show a major functional difference between species, the intertidal species had higher maximal rates of O2 consumption (ṀO2,max) and higher aerobic metabolic scope (MS). The high O2 extractive capacity of the intertidal species was associated with increased blood O2 carrying capacity (i.e. higher Hb concentration); additionally, intertidal species had higher mass-specific gill surface area and thinner gill secondary lamellae that collectively conveyed a higher capacity for O2 flux across the gills. The specialist intertidal species also had higher glycogen stores in both white muscle and brain tissues, suggesting greater potential to generate ATP anaerobically and survive in rock pools with O2 tensions less than Pcrit. Overall, Chapter 2 shows that the superior hypoxia tolerance of intertidal New Zealand triplefin species is not linked to a minimisation of basal metabolic demand (SMR), but is instead associated with a maximisation in the O2 extractive capacity of the cardiorespiratory system (i.e. ṀO2,max, MS, Hb concentration and gill O2 flux) and glycolytic tissue stores. Environmental stressors often occur simultaneously or in quick succession, but how animals respond to multiple stressors is not well studied or understood. Acute heat shock has previously been shown to improve subsequent low O2 (hypoxia) tolerance in an intertidal fish species, a process known as cross-tolerance, but it is not known whether this is a widespread phenomenon. As acute heat and hypoxic stress tend to occur out of phase in intertidal rock pools, Chapter 3 specifically examined whether a New Zealand rock pool specialist, the triplefin fish Bellapiscis medius, exhibits hypoxic cross-tolerance (i.e. longer time to loss of equilibrium (LOE) and lower critical O2 saturation (Scrit) under hypoxia) after recovering from an ecologically relevant heat shock. Non-heat shock controls had a median time to loss of equilibrium (LOE50) of 54.4 min under severe hypoxia (7% of air saturation) and a Scrit of 15.8% air saturation. However, contrary to expectations, treatments that received an initial 8 or 10°C heat shock showed a significantly shorter LOE50 in hypoxia (+8°C = 41.5 min; +10°C = 28.7 min) combined with no significant change in Scrit (+8°C =17.0% air saturation; +10°C =18.3% of air saturation). No evidence of heat shock induced cross-tolerance in B. medius was, therefore, found because acute exposure to peak temperatures resulted in an impaired tolerance to hypoxia. This is cause-for-concern because climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of heat shock events in rock pools rendering B. medius less able to cope with multiple stressors across successive low tides. Daytime low tides that lead to high temperature events in stranded rock pools often co-occur with algal mediated hyperoxia as a result of strong solar radiation. Recent evidence shows MS can be expanded under hyperoxia in fish but so far this possibility has not been examined in intertidal species despite being an ecologically relevant scenario. Furthermore, it is unknown whether hyperoxia increases the upper thermal tolerance limits of intertidal fish and their ability to withstand extreme high temperature events. Therefore, Chapter 4 measured the metabolic response (mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption [ṀO2]) to thermal ramping (21-29°C) and the upper thermal tolerance limit (CTmax) of two intertidal triplefin fishes (B. medius and Forsterygion lapillum) under hyperoxia and normoxia. Hyperoxia increased ṀO2,max and MS of each species at ambient temperature (21°C) and also after thermal ramping to elevated temperatures such as those observed in rock pools (29°C). While hyperoxia did not provide a biologically meaningful increase in upper thermal tolerance of either species (>31°C under all conditions), the observed expansion of MS at 29°C under hyperoxia could potentially benefit the aerobic performance, hence the growth and feeding potential etc., of intertidal fish at non-critical temperatures. That hyperoxia does not increase upper thermal tolerance in a meaningful way is cause for concern, as climate change is expected to drive more extreme rock pool temperatures in the future; this could present a major challenge for these species. Intertidal fish species face gradual chronic changes in temperature and greater extremes of acute thermal exposure through climate induced warming. As sea temperatures rise, it has been proposed that whole animal performance will be impaired through oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT, reduced aerobic metabolic scope-MS) and, on acute exposure to high temperatures, thermal safety margins may be reduced due to constrained acclimation capacity of upper thermal limits. Using the New Zealand triplefin fish (F. lapillum), Chapter 5 addressed how performance in terms of growth and metabolism (MS) and upper thermal tolerance limits would be affected by chronic exposure to elevated temperature. Growth was measured in fish acclimated (12 weeks) to present and predicted future temperatures, and metabolic rates were then determined in fish at acclimation temperatures and with acute thermal ramping. In agreement with the OCLTT hypothesis chronic exposure to elevated temperature significantly reduced growth performance and MS. However, despite the prospect of impaired growth performance under warmer future summertime conditions, an annual growth model revealed that elevated temperatures may only shift the timing of high growth potential and not the overall annual growth rate. While the upper thermal tolerance (i.e. critical thermal maxima) increased with exposure to warmer temperatures and was associated with depressed metabolic rates during acute thermal ramping, upper thermal tolerance did not differ between present and predicted future summertime temperatures. This suggests that warming may progressively decrease thermal safety margins for hardy generalist species and limit the available habitat range of intertidal populations.

Download or read book Examining the Combined Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Temperature and Body Size on the Physiological Responses of a Model Macrobenthic Polychaete Species Capitella Teleta written by Kelsey Burns Gillam and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the scientific community is in consensus that coastal systems are threatened by climate change, few climate change studies test the effects of more than one variable directly related to climate change. The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of the ocean are currently subject to both global warming and eutrophication; 94% of all hypoxia zones are expected to experience >2°C increase by 2035. This dissertation aims to examine how a model organism responds to simultaneous thermal and DO stress involving four levels of DO (100%, 70%, 50%, and 20%) saturation and three temperatures (15°C, 20°C, and 25°C). The polychaete, Capitella teleta, maintained aerobic respiration at low DO levels under natural temperatures, 15°C and 20°C, but reduced its respiration by 40% at 25°C under hypoxia (20% saturation). The main anaerobic pathway of C. teleta was mediated by strombine dehydrogenase, in addition to weak activity by three additional pyruvate oxidoreductases. Anaerobic respiration at 25°C under normoxia was symptomatic of functional anaerobiosis, suggesting this species may be near its critical limit. Total energy production based on combined aerobic and anaerobic respiration suggests that large individuals (range from 0.003-0.012 g) may be limited under low DO and high temperatures. Specific growth rates under starvation ranged from -2.34 to -69.31% d and were significantly influenced by temperature. Weight loss was significantly greater during the first 24 h and declined over 72 h. Weight losses were unrelated to body size. Under fed conditions, specific growth rates varied from -50.58 to 30.76%; a significant interaction occurred between DO level and body size. Small individuals lost less weight with increasing DO, whereas large individuals consistently exhibited negative growth rates across DO levels. There was a significant interaction between DO level and time, in that during the first 48 h growth was negative at lower DO levels, but positive at high DO levels. Egestion rates were significantly influenced by temperature, DO, and time. Egestion rates at low DO respond strongly to increasing temperature and decrease over time. Overall, C. teleta was capable of surviving low DO and high temperatures; however, the species was near its critical thermal limit at 25°C. --Page ii.

Download or read book Oxygen Metabolism and Population Growth Across Marine Fishes written by Sarah Gravel and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The maximum intrinsic rate of population increase (rmax) estimates population growth at low abundance, and varies with size, temperature, and depth, suggesting a metabolic basis for population dynamics. Additionally, recent advances in aquatic ecophysiology have highlighted that oxygen supply constrains metabolic traits. Yet, little is understood of how rmax relates to metabolic rate across fishes, and how both are shaped by environmental oxygen. In this thesis, I conducted a comparative analysis of metabolic rate, rmax, and environmental oxygen for sharks and teleosts. First, I investigated the relationship between metabolic rate and rmax, finding that species with lower metabolic rates also had lower rmax. Next, I tested how metabolic rate and rmax are related to environmental oxygen, and found that both increased with oxygen availability. My findings support that species with slower metabolism (e.g., sharks, or low-oxygen inhabitants) exhibit slower population growth, and hence are more intrinsically sensitive to overfishing.

Download or read book Quantitative Fish Dynamics written by Terrance J. Quinn and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields of fish population dynamics and stock assessment have seen major advances in the 1980s and 1990s, creating the need for a new synthesis. This text attempts that synthesis by presenting a contemporary approach for quantitative fisheries science that incorporates modern statistical and mathematical techniques. It emphasizes the link between biology and theory by explaining the assumptions inherent in the quantitative methods and models. The book covers key topics that are often overlooked in other texts, such as optimal harvesting, migratory stocks, and complex age and size-structured models. Quantitative Fish Dynamics is an ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate courses in fish population dynamics and stock assessment. It is an indispensable reference work for fisheries scientists and others interested in conservation biology, fish and wildlife management, population ecology, and statistical applications.

Download or read book Ken Schultz s Field Guide to Saltwater Fish written by Ken Schultz and published by For Dummies. This book was released on 2003-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive field guide to North American saltwater fish-from the absolute authority on sportfishing Before you head out to the open seas, listen up: Your tackle box is not complete without Ken Schultz's Field Guide to Saltwater Fish! Written by one of the foremost experts in sportfishing, this colorful reference provides anglers and fish enthusiasts of all levels an easy-to-use, indispensable guide to help you identify and learn about the most common species found off the North American coastlines-from albacore to yellowtail. Based on the award-winning reference book Ken Schultz's Fishing Encyclopedia, this handy field guide compresses the essence of its bestselling predecessor into a more manageable, compact size. Arranged alphabetically by species, each entry covers the identification, size/age, distribution, habitat, life history/behavior, and feeding habits of each fish. This fully illustrated, full-color guide makes it easy to identify what's at the end of your line. You'll learn how to distinguish an Atlantic mackerel from a Spanish mackerel, for instance; why you might mistake a cobia for a shark or a remora; how the red grouper's saddle spot will help you tell it apart from a Nassau grouper; and so much more. Written for the 16 million people who enjoy saltwater fishing, Ken Schultz's Field Guide to Saltwater Fish features: 227 of the most common saltwater fish Large, full-color illustrations to help you identify your catch Approachable organization in a compact, take-along size A comprehensive glossary that explains the terms used in the species profiles Overview and anatomy sections written in layman's terms Ken Schultz's Field Guide to Saltwater Fish is a must-have for any fan of America's favorite pastime: fishing!

Download or read book Fish Welfare written by Edward J. Branson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish have the same stress response and powers of nociception as mammals. Their behavioural responses to a variety of situations suggest a considerable ability for higher level neural processing – a level of consciousness equivalent perhaps to that attributed to mammals. Each chapter of this book has been written by specialists in their field. The subject matter is wide ranging and covers in detail concepts of animal welfare in addition to more specific aspects of fish welfare. Philosophical concepts of welfare are discussed along with more practical areas of fish welfare encompassing all husbandry and management activities that have a potential to affect the welfare of the fish in our care. This book is an essential purchase for fish veterinarians, fish farmers, fish biologists and those involved in the aquaculture industry and its regulation.

Download or read book Ken Schultz s Fishing Encyclopedia written by Ken Schultz and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1999-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ken Schultz's Fishing Encyclopedia The most comprehensive, up-to-date fishing encyclopedia in the world today Ken Schultz's Fishing Encyclopedia is the new standard for knowledge on fishing and everything related to it. With complete, insightful information for both freshwater and saltwater anglers at all levels of experience, it is the only authoritative, and up-to-date fishing encyclopedia available. More than 2,000 detailed entries and over 1,400 color illustrations and photos cover every aspect of fishing today, including fish species, equipment, places, techniques, and a wide array of other information. Ken Schultz, internationally known fishing expert and 26-year editor at Field & Stream, and his team of international experts have created the definitive fishing guide for the new millennium. Their combined expertise spans the world--from Montana to Mozambique--and is uniquely modern in scope,covering current conservation programs and issues as well as the most recent developments in technique and equipment. "Ken Schultz's Fishing Encyclopedia is the only complete book of fishing knowledge. With expert information from cover to cover, it dwarfs every fishing book on the market. This book is indispensable." --Vin T. Sparano, Editor Emeritus/Senior Field Editor, Outdoor Life "A new resource for a new century, Ken Schultz's Fishing Encyclopedia is destined to become the last word in fishing information." --Slaton White, Editor, Field & Stream