Download or read book Effects of Supplemental Trace Mineral Concentration and Source on Liver and Serum Trace Mineral Concentrations Health and Performance of Newly Received Calves from New Mexico Ranches written by Margaret Elizabeth Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two studies were conducted at the Clayton Livestock Research Center to evaluate Cu, Mn, and Zn source, as well as dietary inclusion to evaluate concentration and source on liver and serum repletion, on health, and overall performance. Mineral treatments were formulated to provide supplemental Cu, Mn, and Zn from inorganic sources at either 100 (INO1X) or 300% of recommended concentrations (INO3X); or a 50:50 blend of inorganic and organic sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn offered at the same two concentrations (OR1X or OR3X). Experiment 1. Eighteen crossbred steers (initial BW 185 ± 24.5 kg) were subjected to a 60-d depletion period and given ad libitum access to cornstalks with no mineral supplement. Then used in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to test the effects of supplemental Cu, Mn, and Zn concentration and source on liver and serum repletion. The main effect of source on liver Mn or Zn concentrations did not differ (P >̲ 0.12). Liver Cu concentration tended (P = 0.09) to be greater at d 30 and was greater (P 0.01) by d 60 in steers fed inorganic sources. Conversely, when cattle were placed on a higher plane of nutrition (NEm = 0.44 versus 1.86 Mcal/kg) during the repletion period (ADG = 1.4 kg BW · steer-1 · d-1), liver size may have increased, thus diluting liver mineral concentrations per unit of liver mass. Experiment 2. Five hundred and twenty-seven crossbred cattle (initial BW 255 ± 14.5 kg) originated from New Mexico ranches were used in a randomized block design with a 2 x 2 factorial design for treatments. No interaction effect (P 0.16) of mineral source by concentration was detected for BW, ADG, or G:F. However cattle fed inorganic mineral tended (P = 0.06) to have higher ADG than cattle fed organic mineral for d 29 - 56 as well as d 0 - 56. Source x concentration interaction was observed for liver Cu concentrations at d 28 (P = 0.01). Serum Zn concentrations were greater at d 28 and d 56 (P = 0.004).

Download or read book Effect of Supplemental Trace Mineral zinc Copper and Manganese Source on Growth Performance Morbidity and Trace Mineral Status in Beef Cattle written by Anthony W. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of studies were conducted to determine the effect of supplemental trace mineral source on growth performance, morbidity, and trace mineral status in growing beef cattle. The first experiment evaluated supplemental trace minerals from sulfate, organic, or hydroxy sources on growth performance and morbidity. Crossbreed beef calves were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments consisting of supplemental zinc (360 mg/d), copper (125 mg/d), and manganese (200 mg/d) from inorganic, organic, or hydroxy sources fed daily over a 42 to 45-d backgrounding phase. After removal of chronic and dead calves from the data set, trace mineral source had no effect on final or intermediate weights (P > 0.55) or average daily gain (P = 0.51). For all calves, dietary treatments had no effect on any morbidity measurements (P ≥ 0.53). Overall, trace mineral source had no effect on total weight gain, average daily gain, or morbidity during the receiving phase in shipping stressed cattle. A second experiment was conducted to study the effect of trace mineral source on trace mineral status, superoxide dismutase activity, and performance in beef heifers fed diets high in sulfur. Crossbreed heifers were stratified into 3 treatments consisting of 1) no supplemental trace minerals; 2) supplemental copper (55 mg/d), zinc (165 mg/d), and manganese (110 mg/d) from sulfate sources; or 3) supplemental zinc, copper, and manganese at isolevels to treatment 2 from hydroxy sources fed daily over a 55-d trial. Final and intermediate weights (P = 0.73), average daily gain (P = 0.70), and plasma copper and zinc concentrations (P ≥ 0.37) were not affected by treatment. Liver copper concentrations on d 55 were greater for the sulfate treatment (P > 0.004) compared to control and hydroxy treatments, however, liver zinc concentrations were not affected (P > 0.29). Treatment had no effect on ( P ≥ 0.36) on total- or manganese-superoxide dismutase activity, however, a day effect (P ≥ 0.002) was observed. Overall, trace mineral source had no effect on growth performance, plasma mineral concentration, liver zinc concentrations, or superoxide dismutase activity. However, liver copper concentrations on d 55 were affected by trace mineral source.

Download or read book Effects of Supplemental Trace Minerals and Time of Vaccination on Performance and Health of Stressed Calves written by Scott Alan Lindell and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Trace Mineral Source on Performance and Health of Newly Received Steers and the Impact of Cobalt Concentration on Performance and Lipid Metabolism in Finishing Steers written by Evin D. Sharman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trace Mineral Interaction on Reproductive Performance of Beef Cattle Under Range Conditions in Edwards and McCulloch Counties Texas written by John Conan Doyle and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Trace Mineral Source on Performance Health and Carcass Characteristics in Feedlot Cattle written by Luke R. Sharpe and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of a Trace Mineral Injection on Beef Cattle Performance written by Carmen J. Brasche and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adequate trace mineral status is important in beef cow/calf and replacement heifer systems because trace minerals play vital roles in reproduction, immunity and growth. Many experiments have investigated the use of a trace mineral injection containing Cu, Mn, Se and Zn (TMI) on growth and immunity of beef cattle. However, very few have investigated TMI use on reproductive performance. Therefore, five experiments, a two year cow/calf experiment, and four replacement heifer experiments were designed to investigate the use of a TMI on reproductive performance of cows and heifers, calf growth and trace mineral status of cows, heifers, and calves. The use of the TMI at pre-calving and pre-breeding did not consistently improve reproductive performance of heifers and cows with good trace mineral statuses that were receiving supplemental trace minerals. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.36) in the AI pregnancy rate [48 and 38% control (CON) vs 44 and 39% TMI, year 1 and year 2, respectively] or overall pregnancy rate (93 and 93 % CON vs 93 and 90% TMI, year 1 and year 2, respectively) of cows receiving a TMI when compared to control cows during the two year trial. In experiment 1 beef heifers (Angus ́Hereford ́Simmental) were bred to fixed time AI, TMI heifers had increased overall pregnancy rates (83 vs 92%, CON vs TMI, respectively; P = 0.02). In experiment 2 beef heifers were AI bred to synchronization response, TMI had no effect (78 vs 83%, CON vs TMI, respectively, P = 0.46). Conception rates to AI and overall pregnancy were not affected by TMI use in two experiments using Black Angus beef heifers being developed in a dry lot fed adequate trace minerals in a total mixed ration. Growth of suckling calves measured as birth weight, average daily gain, actual weaning weight, and 205 d adjusted weight were not influenced by TMI. However, trace mineral status of all groups of cattle were increased with use of TMI. In heifers liver Cu and Se were increased (P

Download or read book Trace elements in animal production systems written by P. Schlegel and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book deals with trace elements, such as cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc which are essential to modern animal nutrition, but are increasingly detrimental to soil and water quality in today's globalized production. The goal in finding a sustainable balance between trace element use in animal nutrition and its impact on the environment is addressed by focussing on the following questions: - What is the trace element flow on farm, regional or national scale and which tools are available to influence the flow? - What are today's and future soil and water quality in regards to trace minerals? - What are the trace mineral loading limits in soil and water from a health and legal standpoint? - Which technologies exist to modify slurry trace element contents? - What is today's knowledge on quantitative and qualitative trace element requirements and recommended supplementation for ruminants, swine, poultry, fish and crustaceans? - What is trace element bioavailability and how can it be determined? - To which extent are trace minerals related to immune response? - What are the future issues to be addressed in trace element nutrition? This book contains the peer-reviewed papers of the first International Symposium on Trace Elements in Animal Production Systems. It is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in the life sciences of animal nutrition, soil and water quality, for actors in the feed industry and policy making."

Download or read book The Effects of Orally Administered Meloxicam and Injectable Trace Mineral Supplementation on Weight Gain Morbidity and Mortality in Newly received High risk Stocker Calves and on Serum Trace Mineral Status Before and After Injectable Trace Mineral Application written by Hattie E. Hartschuh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crossbred bull calves at high risk for morbidity (n = 190; BW = 159 ± 68 kg) were received at a commercial stocker operation to evaluate the effects of meloxicam administered at the time of castration on performance and health through d 30 post-arrival. Calves were assigned randomly to receive either a whey-powder placebo (CON), 0.5 mg/kg BW meloxicam (LOW), or 1.0 mg/kg BW meloxicam (HIGH) administered orally. Calves were vaccinated, knife-castrated, and received experimental treatments on d 0. Meloxicam had no effect on ADG (P e"0.63), morbidity (P = 0.66), or mortality (P = 0.62). A second study was conducted using crossbred calves from the southeastern US and Mexico (n = 472; BW = 227 ± 45 kg) to evaluate effects of an injectable trace-mineral solution administered at time of arrival at a commercial stocker operation on animal performance, health, and serum concentrations of Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn on d 0 and d 45. Calves were assigned randomly to receive saline (CON; 1.0 mL/45 kg BW) or injectable trace mineral (ITM; 1.0 mL/45 kg BW) on d 0. Average daily gain from d 0 to d 42, overall ADG from d 0 to d 139, mortality, and morbidity were not different (P e"0.31) between treatments. Calves originating from the Southeastern US had greater (P

Download or read book Effects of Trace Mineral Supplementation Trace Mineral Source Growth Implants and Induced Morbidity on Performance Trace Mineral Status Immune Function Carcass Characteristics and Lipid Metabolism in Steers written by Kristy L. Dorton and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Trace Mineral Supplementation in Lactating Dairy Cattle written by Mathew J. Faulkner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were designed to study the effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn supplementation on production, gene expression of trace mineral transporters expressed in the milk fat globular membrane (MFGM), milk fatty acid (FA) profiles, digestibility, and fecal bacteria relative abundance in lactating dairy cattle. In experiment 1, 30 Holstein cows were fed diets devoid of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn (basal diet provided 8, 41, and 41mg/kg, respectively) for 30 d and were then split into three treatment groups: one group remained on the unsupplemented diet; the second and third groups were fed a diet supplemented with Cu, Zn and Mn from sulfates (assayed total dietary concentrations = 17, 60, and 55mg/kg, respectively) or glycinates (assayed total dietary concentrations = 20, 66, and 58mg/kg, respectively) for 30 d. Milk yield (averaged 29.2 kg/d), DMI (averaged 3.55% of BW or 22.5 kg/d) as a percent of BW, and milk components were not affected by treatment. Feeding supplemental minerals decreased iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-17:0, and 16:1+anteiso-17:0 branched-chain fatty acids (FA) and tended to increase trans-10 18:1 as percentages of total FA in milk fat. Trans-10 18:1 was greater (0.76 vs 0.50%) for cows fed sulfate minerals compared to glycinate sources. Gene expression (via qPCR) of metallothionein (1.51 vs 0.77 2(-delta Ct)) in MFGM were greater for multiparous cows than primiparous. Expression of a zinc transporter, ZIP8, was greater (3.37 vs 2.06 and 2.65 2(-delta Ct)) for cows not fed supplemental minerals compared to cows fed sulfate and glycinate sources, respectively. In experiment 2, Eighteen multiparous cows were used in a split-plot replicated Latin square with two 28 d periods to evaluate the effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn source (sulfates or hydroxy; Micronutrients Inc., Indianapolis, IN) and dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) source (forage-based control diet = 26% NDF vs byproduct = 36%) on total-tract nutrient digestibility, mineral balance, and gene expression of trace mineral transporters in the MFGM. During the entire experiment (56 d) cows remained on the same fiber treatment but source of supplemental trace mineral was different for each 28 d period so all cows were exposed to both mineral treatments. During each of the two 28 d periods cows were fed no supplemental Cu, Zn, or Mn for 16 d followed by 12 d of feeding supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn from either sulfates or hydroxy sources. Basal Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations for the control diet were 9, 30, and 38mg/kg, respectively; while basal concentrations were 11, 50, and 47mg/kg, respectively for the byproduct diet. Supplemental concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn fed were approximately 9, 30, and 30mg/kg, respectively. Treatment had no effect on DMI (averaged 24.2 kg/d) or milk production (34.9 kg/g). No mineral source x fiber interactions were observed for production measures or macronutrient digestibility; however apparent Cu balance and Cu retention was increased for cows fed the control diet with hydroxy minerals compared to the control diet with sulfate minerals (+11 vs -3 mg/d), but retention of Cu was decreased for the byproduct diet when cows were fed hydroxy minerals compared to sulfates (-5 vs +29 mg/d). Cows fed the byproduct diet had decreased DM digestibility (65.9 vs 70.2%), OM digestibility (67.4 vs 71.7%), CP digestibility (58.8 vs 62.1%) and starch intake (4.3 vs 8.8kg), and increased starch digestibility (97.5 vs 96.3%), NDF intake (8.6 vs 6.0kg) and NDF digestibility (50.5 vs 44.4%) compared with cows fed the control treatment. The control diet had increased TDN concentration (70.2 vs 65.3%) compared to the byproduct diet. Measured NDF digestibility and TDN treatment effects were consistent regardless of the method used to determine NDF. Multiple (>12) milk FA concentrations were affected by fiber source and mineral source. In experiment 3, 24 cows were fed diets devoid of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn for a 16 d preliminary phase (basal diet provided 9, 29, and 32mg/kg of Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively), and then were randomly assigned to one of three treatment diets (n=8 cows/treatment): supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn from sulfate mineral; or glycinate minerals; or Cu and Mn sulfate with glycinate Zn. Assayed total dietary concentrations were approximately 21, 73, and 72 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively. Body weight, milk production (averaged 38.8 kg/d), DMI (averaged 25.8 kg/d), and analyzed milk components were not affected by treatment. Fecal DNA was extracted, amplified using the 16S rRNA gene to quantify total bacteria, and microbial populations were sequenced to compare populations between treatments. Relative abundance of phyla Spirochaetes, family Spirochaetaceae, genus Treponema, and uncultured or other treponema species were less abundant for cows fed Cu and Mn sulfate with glycinate Zn compared to those fed sulfates, but were similar to cows fed glycinate mineral sources, and responses for cows fed either exclusive glycinate mineral or sulfate mineral treatments were similar.

Download or read book Vitamins and Trace Minerals in Ruminants An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice E Book written by William S Swecker and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-10-13 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, guest editors Drs. Robert J. Van Saun and William S. Swecker, Jr. bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Vitamins and Trace Minerals in Ruminants. Optimal nutrition with adequate trace mineral levels guarantees proper function and nutrition of the animal, but purity and effectiveness are important concerns. In this issue, top experts in the field review trace mineral function, requirements, and content of common feeds, as well as specific diet challenges for ruminants and cattle. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including evaluation of mineral sources; confinement dairy; vitamin supplementation; common toxicosis; maternal-fetal transfer of trace minerals and fetal programming; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on vitamins and trace minerals in ruminants, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Download or read book Effect of Trace Mineral Form in Supplements on First calf Heifer Status Immunity Reproduction and Calf Performance written by Connie Kay Swenson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating the Efficacy of Dietary Trace Mineral Levels on Physiological Responses and Tissue Mineral Composition in Weanling and Grower Pigs written by Rachel Elizabeth Howdyshell and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The effects of dietary trace mineral concentration and source on weanling and grower pig growth performance, liver enzyme activity, blood/plasma constituents, and tissue mineral content were evaluated in two experiments. The first experiment used 160 crossbred pigs over a 35 d nursery period. This experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in eight replicates. At weaning (17 ± 2 d), pigs were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments (n=4/pen): (1) basal diet + 0% NRC trace mineral, (2) as 1 + 50% NRC organic trace mineral, (3) as 1 + 100% NRC organic trace mineral, (4) as 1 + 150% NRC organic trace mineral, and (5) as 1 + 100% NRC inorganic trace mineral. The non-fortified basal diet served as the negative control while the diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals served as the positive control. Pigs were bled at d 0, 10, and 35 with hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity determined. Tissues (liver, loin, heart, kidney, pancreas, and brain) were collected on d 35 for mineral analysis. Portions of the liver were frozen in liquid N for enzyme (catalase, Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, and GSH-Px) activity determination. Pigs fed the non- fortified basal diet displayed reduced growth and exhibited symptoms typical of parakeratosis. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed efficiency (G:F), and liver enzyme activity were not affected by organic trace mineral level. On d 35, Hb, Hct, Cp, and GSH-Px increased (P

Download or read book Effect of Trace Mineral Amount and Source on Immune Function and Oxidative Stress In Dairy Cows written by Takashi Yasui and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forty-eight multiparous Holstein cows during early to midlactation were utilized to assess effect of trace mineral amount and source on immune function and oxidative status in dairy cows. Cows were fed a diet formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2001) nutrient requirements for all nutrients except for trace minerals of interest (Zn, Cu, and Mn), which were supplied from basal ration ingredients only. In addition, all cows were fed a preliminary diet for four weeks (week -3 to week 0), containing 0.37% sulfur (dry matter basis, ration addition), 5 ppm of molybdenum from sodium molybdate (topdress), and 250 ppm of iron from iron sulfate (topdress) to decrease trace mineral absorption and status. After this four-week preliminary period, the sulfur content of the basal diet was reduced to 0.30%, the topdress of the Mo and Fe ceased, and cows were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for six weeks (week 1 to week 6) in a randomized complete block design: 1) NRC inorganic (NRC 2001 levels using inorganic trace mineral supplements only); 2) NRC organic (NRC 2001 levels using organic trace mineral supplements only); 3) Commercial inorganic (commercial levels (approximately 2X NRC requirement) using inorganic trace mineral supplements only; 4) Commercial organic (commercial levels using organic trace mineral supplements only). Supplemental inorganic Zn, Cu, and Mn were supplied using zinc sulfate monohydrate, cupric sulfate pentahydrate, and manganese sulfate monohydrate, respectively. Organic trace minerals were supplied as Zn, Cu, and Mn chelated to 2-hydroxy-4-(methythio)-butanoic acid (HMTBA). All oxidative status parameters from weekly blood samples were not affected by treatments when assessed across the entire treatment period. However, there were tendencies at week 1 of treatment period for decreased glutathione peroxidase activity for cows fed trace minerals at commercial levels, decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma for cows fed inorganic sources of trace minerals at NRC levels, and decreased concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) for cows fed organic trace mineral sources. At week 6 of treatment (one week following LPS challenge), cows fed commercial levels of trace minerals tended to have increased TAC and cows fed organic trace minerals had decreased TBARS in plasma. Plasma IgG level was higher in cows supplemented with organic trace minerals over the entire treatment period; responses assessed as differences of before and after E. coli J5 vaccination at the end of week 2 of treatment period were not significant. After LPS intramammary challenge at the end of week 5, plasma cortisol concentrations and clinical indices (rectal temperature and heart rate) increased and then decreased to prechallenge level by 48 h after the challenge. However, the extent and pattern of response of these variables to LPS challenge were not affected by trace mineral level and source. Dry matter intake, milk composition, and milk component yield were not affected by trace mineral level and source, except for a trend for increased milk true protein content for cows fed the commercial level of trace minerals. Body condition score and body weight were not affected by treatment. Overall, varying level and source of trace minerals in the diet resulted in modest effects on parameters related to oxidative stress but did not appear to markedly affect responses of cows to intramammary LPS challenge.

Download or read book Effects of Concentration and Source of Trace Minerals on Performance Immunity Mineral and Lipid Metabolism and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers written by Angela R. Rhoads and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of a Correlation Between Potassium Concentration and Moisture Content in Liver for the Interpretation of Trace Mineral Concentrations in Cattle written by Taylor Perry Ludwick and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: