Download or read book Effects of Stress on the Reproductive Performance and Physiology of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss written by Wilfrido M. Contreras Sánches and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment under which fish are maintained as broodstock before reproduction is often stressful; however, the impact of stress on broodstock and gamete quality is not well known. We investigated the effects of stress over the final stages (i.e. the 3 months preceding ovulation) of sexual maturation of female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, on their reproductive performance and physiology and that of their progeny. Stress was administered over the period of early vitellogenesis (one and a half months), late vitellogenesis-final maturation (one and a half months), or during both periods (three months). Each stress treatment and control was triplicated with eight females in each replicate (n=24 fish per treatment). The eggs and progeny of each female were kept separate and observations made for four months after transfer to rearing tanks. Cortisol levels were measured in plasma, ovarian fluid and eggs by radioimmunoassay. Fish that experienced stress during final maturation and those that were under stress during the whole experiment spawned on average two weeks earlier than the control group. In contrast, fish stressed during the period of early vitellogenesis spawned at the same time as the controls. Absolute fecundity and fertilization were not significantly affected in any treatment group; however, significant differences were found in relative fecundity. Stress applied early in vitellogenesis resulted in smaller eggs and swim-up fry; but, these differences were not found in juveniles 8 weeks after hatching. Furthermore, we found no differences in survival of the progeny or resistance to the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. Circulating levels of cortisol were high at ovulation in all groups, but significantly less cortisol was observed in the ovarian fluid and eggs. Sex hormone concentrations were high in plasma; however, they were several orders of magnitude lower in the ovarian fluid. These differences were not as extreme as those observed for cortisol. Lower levels of cortisol and sex steroids in ovarian fluid and eggs compared to that which is available from plasma suggests that there is a mechanism by which the female protects the eggs from potentially deleterious effects of prolonged exposure to elevated concentrations of steroids.
Download or read book Indicators of reproductive performance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum selected for high and low responsiveness to stress written by T G (Tom) Pottinger and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reproductive Biotechnology in Finfish Aquaculture written by C.-S. Lee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful reproduction of cultured brood stock is essential to the sustainable aquaculture of aquatic organisms. This book describes recent advances in the field of finfish reproductive biotechnology. The chapters in this volume are written by eminent scientists who review the progress and assess the status of biotechnology research that is applicable to the reproduction of finfish species for aquaculture. A wide range of topics is included starting with broodstock technologies such as broodstock genetics, broodstock nutrition, environmental control of maturation and impacts of stress on broodstock, gametes and progeny. The volume includes technologies for induction of ovulation and spermiation using synthetic hypothalamic peptides. Gamete technologies which are described include cryopreservation, chromosome set manipulation, disease prevention and control for gametes and embryos and the development of transgenic fish with enhanced production characteristics. Genetic and endocrine technologies for the production of monosex male and female fish stocks are also described. The closing chapter summarizes the discussion of each topic at the workshop, provides recommendations to industry and describes priorities of research and development. Researchers as well as teaching faculty in the aquaculture field will find this volume of great value.
Download or read book Fish Physiology Fish Neuroendocrinology written by Nicholas J. Bernier and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-06-29 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of fish neuroendocrinology has had a significant impact on our general understanding of the functional roles and evolution of a variety of neurochemical messengers and systems. Not only do fish possess unique neuroendocrine features, they have also been and remain an important vertebrate models for the discovery of new neuropeptides. In the last fifty years, neuroendocrinologists have documented a complex and seemingly infinite number of interactions between hormones and nerve structures. Gradually emerging from this knowledge is an understanding of the specific neurohormonal pathways and the messengers responsible for maintaining homeostasis in an aquatic environment and for regulating the functional systems that allow for the highly diverse life histories and reproductive tactics of fish Despite its recent growth, breadth and unique attributes, there is no single text covering the discipline of fish neuroendocrinology. In fact, other than a few mammalian neuroendocrinology textbooks, there is a serious lack of texts in comparative neuroendocrinology. Currently, information on the anatomical organization and function of the various neuroendocrine systems in fish is only available in original research papers and reviews. By providing a current and comprehensive volume that highlights the specific properties of fish neuroendocrinology, this book will go beyond being the only reference text for fish neuroendocrinologists and will also serve comparative physiologists, endocrinologists, neuroanatomists and behaviourists interested in understanding the reciprocal actions between the nervous and endocrine systems. Highlights the specific properties of fish neuroendocrinology Emphasises the range and variety of interactions between neurobiology and endocrinology Discuses both anatomical and functional aspects of the Neuroendocrine system Also serves comparative physiologists, endocrinologists, neuroanatomists and behaviourists interested in understanding the reciprocal actions between the nervous and endocrine systems
Download or read book The Effects of Environmental Stressors on Cardiac Gene Expression and Contractility in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss written by Tracey S. Momoda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experience a variety of stressors in their natural environment as well as in aquaculture that can have negative effects on their physiology. The effects of physiological stress and endocrine disruption have been well described in fish. However, there is a scarcity of information on the effects of such stressors on the heart in fish. We examined gene expression in the rainbow trout heart in response to 17[alpha]-ethinylestradiol (EE), the active ingredient in some oral contraceptives, as well as physiological stress. We also assessed contractile function, as a measure of cardiac performance, under conditions of increasing performance demands in sexually immature rainbow trout. In chapter 2, using qRT-PCR, we observed increased vitellogenin (vtg1) in the ventricle, along with, hepatic estrogen receptor (ER[alpha]) and vtg1 mRNA increased with EE exposure, confirming endocrine disruption in both tissues. Stress increased corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1) and JunB in response to stress while nuclear protein 1 (nupr1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GCR2) expression increased only in the population with higher cortisol levels (>100 ng/ml) in response to stress. Interestingly, EE exposure did not affect stress induced gene expression and stress did not have an effect on EE induced gene expression in the heart of rainbow trout. This research highlights the fact that these stressors have the potential to have physiological impacts beyond the target tissues classically thought of for stress (i.e. HPI/A axis) or exposure to estrogenic compounds (i.e. HPG axis). In chapter 3, contractile force production was measured from ventricle strips exposed to increasing concentrations of Ca2 or epinephrine to simulate conditions of increasing performance. Also, to determine the effects of physiological stress, ventricle strips were pre-treated with 100 ng/L cortisol prior to increasing Ca2 or epinephrine. Ventricle strips from males had a greater contractile force production to increasing Ca2+ or epinephrine compared to females, at concentrations greater than 3.5 mM Ca2+ or 1 [micro]M epinephrine. Exposure to cortisol did not have a direct effect on contractility, nor did it have an effect the contractile response to increasing exogenous Ca2+ in either sex. Interestingly, force production did not vary by sex in the cortisol pre-treated exposed to epinephrine, suggesting a sex-dependent response. My findings suggest that there are sex differences in the contractile function in rainbow trout and that these may be modified under conditions related to physiological stress. The rainbow trout is a genetically diverse species found across a variety of habitats. Our results highlight the variation in responses in in contractile function and gene expression in the heart by the different sexes, as well as variation within and among populations that allow rainbow trout to adapt and perform in the presence of stressors in the environment.
Download or read book Biology of Stress in Fish written by Carl B. Schreck and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology of Stress in Fish: Fish Physiology provides a general understanding on the topic of stress biology, including most of the recent advances in the field. The book starts with a general discussion of stress, providing answers to issues such as its definition, the nature of the physiological stress response, and the factors that affect the stress response. It also considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response, how the stress response is generated and controlled, its effect on physiological and organismic function and performance, and applied assessment of stress, animal welfare, and stress as related to model species. Provides the definitive reference on stress in fish as written by world-renowned experts in the field Includes the most recent advances and up-to-date thinking about the causes of stress in fish, their implications, and how to minimize the negative effects Considers the biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in the stress response
Download or read book Functional consequences of stress during the reproductive period in rainbow trout written by T G (Tom) Pottinger and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates Volume 1 written by David O. Norris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 1: Fishes is the first of five second-edition volumes representing a comprehensive and integrated overview of hormones and reproduction in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The book includes coverage of endocrinology, neuroendocrinology, physiology, behavior, and anatomy of fish reproduction. It provides a broad treatment of the roles of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal hormones in all aspects of reproduction, as well as descriptions of major life history events. New to this edition is a concluding assessment of the effect of environmental influences on fishes. Initial chapters in this book broadly examine sex determination, reproductive neuroendocrinology, stress, and hormonal regulation as it relates to testicular and ovarian development and function. Subsequent chapters examine hormones and reproduction of specific taxa, including agnathan, chondrichthyan, and sarcopterygian fishes. The book concludes with an examination of the environmental influences on hormones and reproduction of fishes, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals and climate change. Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 1: Fishes is designed to provide a readable, coordinated description of reproductive basics in fishes, as well as an introduction to the latest trends in reproductive research and a presentation of our understanding of reproductive events gained over the past decade. It may serve as a stand-alone reference for researchers and practitioners in the field of ichthyology or as one of five coordinated references aligned to provide topical treatment across vertebrate taxa for researchers, practitioners, and students focused on vertebrate endocrinology. Covers endocrinology, neuroendocrinology, physiology, behavior, and anatomy of fish reproduction Includes pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal hormones Focuses on teleosts as well as information on agnathan, chondrichthyan, and sarcopterygian fishes Provides new coverage on endocrine-disrupting chemicals, microplastics, and climate change
Download or read book The Fish Immune System Organism Pathogen and Environment written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-02-20 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively reviews the immunology of fish--their health, interactions between them and their pathogens, and the impact of both endogenous and environmental changes on these interactions. Leading authorities provide an essential foundation for the understanding of fish immunology and fish health. As fish are increasingly used as model systems for vertebrate immune systems, The Fish Immune System will be a crucial reference. The only comprehensive, single-volume reference on the fish immune system Contributions from an international team of experts Useful to researchers interested in fish health as well as professionals managing fish hatcheries, aquariums, and other facilities that must maintain healthy fish
Download or read book Fish Stress and Health in Aquaculture written by Kenneth A. Lockridge and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative 1997 review of the effects of stress on fish in polluted water, research labs and fish farms.
Download or read book The Effects of Social Stress on the Heat Shock Response in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss written by Stephen Middleton and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress and Fish written by A. D. Pickering and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Stress on Reproductive Function in Trout written by John Francis Carragher and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book North American Journal of Aquaculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fish Diseases and Disorders written by John F. Leatherland and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `The book is important for those involved in aquaculture and those wishing to learn more about the effects of non-infectious disorders and the mechanisms of response within fish and is thoroughly recommended.' Journal of Fish Diseases --
Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Practical Animal Ethics written by Andrew Linzey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides an in-depth examination of the practical and theoretical issues within the emerging field of animal ethics. Leading experts from around the globe offer insights into cutting edge topics as diverse as killing for food, religious slaughter, animal companions, aquariums, genetic manipulation, hunting for sport and bullfighting. Including contributions from Lisa Johnson on the themes of human dominance, Thomas White on the ethics of captivity, Mark Bernstein on the ethics of killing and Kay Peggs on the causation of suffering, this handbook offers an authoritative reference work for contemporary applied animal ethics. Progressive in approach, the authors explore the challenges that animal ethics poses both conceptually and practically to traditional understandings of human–animal relations. Key Features: · Structured in four parts to examine the ethics of control, the ethics of captivity, the ethics of killing and the ethics of causing suffering · Interdisciplinary approach including philosophical, historical, scientific, legal, anthropological, religious, psychological and sociological perspectives · Focussed treatment of practical issues such as animals in farming, zoos and animal experimentation The Palgrave Handbook of Practical Animal Ethics is an essential resource for those with an interest in the ethics of modern-day treatment of animals as well as scholars, researchers and advanced students in zoology, philosophy, anthropology, religious studies and sociology.
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins and Physiological Stress in Redband Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Gairdneri in the South Fork John Day River Oregon written by Joseph W. Feldhaus and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research was to characterize thermal habitat requirements for juvenile redband steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in the South Fork John Day River (SFJD), Oregon using physiological indicators of fish condition. Physiological indices of fish condition measured were whole body lipid content and heat shock proteins, specifically hsp70. Hsp70 is a family of highly conserved molecular chaperones proteins that protect cellular function by preventing irreversible protein damage. Hsp70 levels were measured in liver, white muscle, and fin tissue. This thesis includes a study of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag handling stress in juvenile rainbow trout. PIT tags are used to identify individual fish. The objectives of the PIT tag study were to determine if there is a stress response, measured as a difference in plasma cortisol levels, between PIT tagged and non-PIT tagged rainbow trout (O. mykiss), to determine if PIT tag-related stress induces hepatic hsp70 synthesis in juvenile rainbow trout, and to examine the relation between cortisol and hsp70 levels. There was a difference in plasma cortisol six hours after tagging, with both treatment and tank effects. There were no differences detected after the 24h sampling period. Plasma cortisol levels were highly variable, but changes in plasma cortisol did not alter hepatic hsp70 levels. A laboratory experiment demonstrated that hsp70 levels increase significantly between 19 and 22ðC in both fin and liver tissue. The finding that hsp70 can be quantified in fin tissue is significant because it provides a non-lethal technique for assessing thermal stress in rare or endangered fish. The response of hsp70 in relation to temperature was sigmoid. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, a field study in the SFJD was conducted. The objectives were to: (1) determine if SFJD redband rainbow trout experience thermal stress, (2) develop a non-lethal technique for measuring cellular hsp70 levels, (3) and characterize the relation between whole body lipids and hsp70 for fish in the SFJD. Maximum hsp70 levels in liver and white muscle tissue in field collected fish occurred when mean weekly maximum temperatures (MWMT) exceeded 22-23ðC. Short and long term stream temperature averages of 15.6-18.2ðC and temperature maximums of 18.8-21.6ðC significantly increased hsp70 levels in liver tissue. Both the hsp72 and hsp73 isoforms were significantly elevated in white muscle tissue when long and short term average stream temperatures were 16-18.5ðC and 19.6-23ðC for temperature maximums. Lipid levels began to decrease when MWMT exceeded 23ðC. Results of this research suggest increased cellular hsp70 levels in juvenile redband rainbow trout in the SFJD River is symptomatic of cellular stress related to thermal conditions, as are decreasing lipid levels. Measurement of cellular hsp70 levels provides another tool that can be used to characterize physiological suitability of thermal habitat and potentially to define thermal limits, as differences of 1 or 2°C are sufficient to change expression of thermal stress proteins detected using these techniques. When using hsp70 as an index of thermal stress in different O. mykiss subpopulations, differences in hsp70 expression between tissues should be considered.
