Download or read book Effects of Reduced Muscular Strength on Running Kinematics Relating to the Planus Foot written by Adam D. Froats and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential for injury is present in all forms of physical activity, particularly events involving repetitive motion. In attempt to identify kinematic changes following running induced reductions in muscular strength, 15 participants completed recorded treadmill runs before and after an outdoor run. Kinematics were recorded using a Vicon motion capture system and processed using 3D GAIT custom software. Using repeated measures ANCOVA with side (dominant and non-dominant) and time (pre-run and post-run) as within subject factors, and strength and arch height as covariates, no statistically significant differences were obtained. Using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients to compare successive strides, post-run reductions in stride-to-stride correlation were obtained for dominant and non-dominant knees. Further, MANOVA analysis using standard deviation values corresponding to thirds of stance phase suggested that dominant and non-dominant ankle, as well as dominant knee frontal plane movements became more variable following the run, primarily during the initial third of stance.

Download or read book The Effect of Natural Endurance Running on Human Foot Strength written by E. Elizabeth Miller and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this longitudinal study was to test whether sustained natural endurance running (ER) among urban runners in minimal support footwear increased foot strength reflected by changes within intrinsic plantar musculature and the longitudinal arch. Recent studies indicate that human long distance ER evolved some 2 million years ago beginning with the genus Homo (Bramble and Lieberman, 2004). Humans have the ability to sustain ER at relatively high speeds, which may have allowed human ancestors facing a changing landscape of expanding grassland to hunt effectively before the invention of projectile technology (Carrier, 1984; Bramble and Lieberman, 2004; Pontzer et al., 2010). A number of derived traits in Homo appear to be adaptations for ER, among them long hind limbs, short toes, and musculoskeletal adaptations associated with the foot's mass-spring mechanism of energy restitution (Bramble and Lieberman, 2004; Pontzer et al., 2010). Although the evolutionary anatomy of the running foot is increasingly well understood, we know less about foot strength, particularly the role of the intrinsic plantar muscles in running. Today, modern humans run long distances on such disparate substrates as the highlands of Ethiopia where runners are often barefoot and on the urban pavements of the United States where they typically run in stiff, cushioned footwear. In order to better understand the functional demands ER places on the foot's intrinsic musculature and longitudinal arch, I conducted a 12-week study of foot strength in minimally shod endurance runners. I examined the anatomical cross-sectional area and muscle volume of the plantar intrinsic musculature and the functional conformation of the longitudinal arch. Running kinematics and foot anatomy were analyzed in 33 healthy runners (18 males and 15 females) using 3D motion capture and magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were randomly partitioned into one of two groups, a control group in standard shoes (n=16), and an experimental group transitioning from standard to minimal support shoes (~12mm to 4mm) (n=17). Participants ran a mean of 30 miles/week over the study period. The results show that while long distance runners shod in both standard and minimal running footwear increased muscle volume in the flexor digitorum brevis muscle (p= 0.03), minimally shod runners alone significantly increased muscle volume in the abductor digiti minimi (25%, p= 0.009) and reduced stiffness in the longitudinal arch (p= 0.013). The abductor in flexing the fifth digit metatarsal phalangeal joint enhances the tie-rod function (windlass mechanism) of the plantar aponeurosis. Evident in its volumetric increase, greater force production in this muscle suggests an increased reliance on longitudinal arch function among the minimal shoe runners. Study findings support predictions based on both the biomechanics of endurance running and the functional anatomy of the human foot that minimalist shoe running exploits the deformation capacity and energy-restitution system of the longitudinal arch and increases muscle mass within the intrinsic plantar group. Greater foot strength and enhanced arch flexibility associated with the habitual use of minimal shoes reflect the evolutionary capacity of the modern human foot to respond to natural style running.

Download or read book The Effect of Core Stability on Running Mechanics in Novice Runners written by Margaret Elisabeth Raabe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many health benefits associated with running, the annual running injury rate has been reported to be as high as 74%, and novice runners may be at the highest risk of developing these injuries. Research has shown core stability may affect lower extremity function, leading to the popular notion that insufficient core stabilization may lead to less efficient movements that ultimately contribute to musculoskeletal injury. However, the role that core stability plays during running and its influence on injury risk is not well understood. The purpose of this dissertation was to establish the effect of core stability on fundamental mechanisms of running-related injuries and to investigate possible compensation strategies for reduced core stability. Chapter 1 provides background information on running injuries, injury mechanisms, and core stability and describes the benefits of using dynamic simulations in combination with experimental data. Chapter 2 experimentally investigated the direct downstream effects of reduced core stability on running mechanics in novice runners and found reduced core stability was significantly associated with an increased external peak knee flexion moment (13.5±2.5 %BW*h vs 14.3±3.1 %BW*h, p=0.001) during the stance phase of running, which has previously been associated with increased patellofemoral joint loading. Chapter 3 describes the development and validation of an OpenSim model that allows for the creation of simulations investigating full-body dynamics and contributions of the trunk muscles to dynamic tasks. In Chapters 4 and 5, the experimentally collected data from Chapter 2 was used with the model developed in Chapter 3 to investigate the consequences of utilizing different possible compensation strategies for reduced core stability. Chapter 4 assessed the biomechanical consequences of altering running kinematics (kinematic compensation strategy) in response to reduced core stability and found this strategy was associated with increased internal knee loading during the stance phase of running (peak patellofemoral joint reaction force, p=0.029; knee abduction moment peak and impulse, p=0.01, p=0.02, respectively; peak knee extension moment, p=0.09), as well as reduced energy consumption (p=0.059), spinal loading (p=0.06), and select peak core muscle forces (p=0.06). Chapter 5 investigated utilizing a neuromuscular compensation strategy (altering only muscle activation strategies and maintaining kinematics) in response to core muscle fatigue and found this strategy was not associated with any change in estimated energy consumption or lower extremity loading during stance. Increased deep core muscle force production was observed as the only muscular compensation following core muscle fatigue, suggesting this may be the primary adjustment required to achieve a neuromuscular compensation strategy in the presence of core muscle fatigue. Therefore, insufficient core stability in novice runners may increase lower extremity loading and ultimately running injury risk. A core neuromuscular training program emphasizing increased engagement and force production of the deep core muscles may give runners the ability to maintain movement patterns and utilize potentially lower-risk compensation strategies, such as a neuromuscular strategy, when core stability is compromised. Understanding how core stability affects running mechanics and potential compensation strategies used for poor core stability may ultimately contribute to the development of more effective and robust running injury prevention and rehabilitation regimens. The information presented in this dissertation improves the basic understanding regarding the influence of core stability on running mechanics in novice runners. This work will contribute to achieving the long-term goal of ultimately reducing the incidence of running-related injuries in novice runners.

Download or read book Clinical Biomechanics in Human Locomotion written by Andrew Horwood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-04-10 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Biomechanics in Human Locomotion: Gait and Pathomechanical Principles explores the clinical management of gait-disturbing or gait-induced pathologies and biomechanical variances during gait between individuals. The book discusses what is required to make terrestrial human locomotion safe and what causes pathology within a context of high locomotive and morphological variability. The interaction of genetics, epigenetics, developmental biology and physiology under the influence of locomotive biomechanics and metabolic energetics drives evolution. Such biological pressures on survival are essential in understanding the locomotive biomechanics of modern humans. In addition, lifestyle, including gait speed adaptability established during the growth influences of anatomical development is also considered. Links human locomotive biomechanics to medicine, physiology, evolutionary anatomy and medicine Prepares students, bioengineers and clinicians for the reality of utilizing biomechanical principles in clinical practice while also informing researchers of environmental limits Includes further concepts in gait mechanics such as lower limb length, gait speed and how to calculate locomotive costs

Download or read book Foot and Ankle Biomechanics written by William Ledoux and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foot and Ankle Biomechanics is a one source, comprehensive and modern reference regarding foot and ankle biomechanics. This text serves as both a master reference for foot biomechanics, presenting a clear state of the research and capabilities in the field. The customers for this book will be those looking for information on foot and ankle biomechanics for a range of applications; for example, designers of orthotics. Provides a comprehensive overview of the science of foot and ankle biomechanics that is presented in an easily accessible format Presents normative data and descriptions relating to the structure and function of the foot and ankle, along with comparisons to pathological conditions Includes multimedia content to support modeling and simulation chapters

Download or read book Advancements in biomechanical modeling of injuries diseases diagnoses and treatments of lower extremities written by Chih-Hsiu Cheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neumann s Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System E Book written by Donald A. Neumann and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2024-02-14 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on the normal and abnormal mechanical interactions between the muscles and joints of the body, Neumann’s Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System, 4th Edition provides a foundation for the practice of physical rehabilitation. This comprehensive, research-based core text explores kinesiology as it relates to physical rehabilitation in a clinically relevant and accessible manner. It presents the language of human movement — and acts as a bridge between basic science and clinical management. It helps clinicians effectively address the mechanical-based changes in movement across a person’s lifespan, whether in the context of rehabilitation, recreation, or promotion of health and wellness. Full-color anatomic and kinesiologic illustrations clearly demonstrate the anatomy, functional movement, and biomechanical principles underlying movement and posture. An eBook version, included with print purchase, provides access to all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. The eBook included with print purchase also features multiple excellent videos of anatomic and kinesiologic principles, answers to study questions from the print book, and additional tables and figures. Evidence-based approach emphasizes the importance of research in PT decision-making. More than 900 high-quality illustrations provide visual accompaniments to clarify the material. Clinical Connections boxes at the end of each chapter highlight or expand upon a particular clinical concept associated with the kinesiology covered in the chapter. Special Focus boxes throughout the text provide numerous clinical examples to demonstrate why kinesiologic information is needed. Critical thinking questions for selected chapters reinforce the main concepts. UPDATED! Current, evidence-based content closes the gap in kinesiology and anatomy science with clinical practice. NEW! Additional Special Focus boxes and Clinical Connections boxes present kinesiology in a clinical context. UPDATED! Modified artwork and new figures visually reinforce key concepts. NEW! An eBook version, included with print purchase, provides access to all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. It also features videos, answers to study questions from the print book, and additional tables and figures.

Download or read book Biomechanics of the Lower Extremity An Issue of Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery E Book written by Jarrod Shapiro and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guest edited by Dr. Jarrod Shapiro, this issue of Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery will cover several key areas of interest related to Biomechanics of the Lower Extremity. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series Consulting Editor, Dr. Thomas Chang. Articles in this issue include, but are not limited to: Using the Biomechanical Examination to Guide Therapy, Approaching the Medial Column and the First Ray, Gastrocnemius Equinus, Orthotic Management of Adult Acquired Flatfoot, Shoes and the Lower Extremity, Surgical Biomechanics, Biomechanics of Rearfoot and Ankle Surgery, Pediatric Considerations, Limb Preservation Biomechanics, Lower Extremity Biomechanics in the Athlete, among others.

Download or read book Biomechanical Performance and Relevant Mechanism of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation for Neuromusculoskeletal Disorders written by Qipeng Song and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-23 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanical performance is a key to evaluating effectiveness in physical medicine and rehabilitation for neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Assessments can be applied to degenerative dysfunction (e.g., falls or knee osteoarthritis in older adults) and sports-related injuries (e.g., ankle sprain or anterior cruciate ligament injury). Patients' body movements and daily activity functions can be compared to the state of pre-injury condition or to the level of healthy individuals. Some cutting-edge studies have gone a step further and used biomechanical performance to develop physical medicine and rehabilitation approaches and explore the mechanisms behind their effectiveness. However, such studies are still relatively rare. This research topic is intended to encourage more relevant projects to be published. This research topic aims to encourage researchers to use biomechanical performance to design advanced physical medicine and rehabilitation approaches, evaluate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation approaches, and explore the mechanisms by which rehabilitation approaches work for neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Some studies have developed stretching approaches for the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis in older adults by measuring biomechanical performance during functional activities. Some studies indicated that the mechanism of physical activity to reduce falls in older adults lies in its effectiveness in increasing proprioceptive sensitivity, and further indicated that rehabilitation of proprioception may be a key to reducing falls in the fall-prone older adult population. Some other studies analyzed biomechanical performance in ankle ligament injuries to understand when, how, and why ligaments fail. As a result, this research topic will expand the application of biomechanical performance to better understand and treat neuromusculoskeletal disorders.

Download or read book Running Mechanics and Gait Analysis written by Ferber, Reed and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2014-03-20 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Running Mechanics and Gait Analysis With Online Video is the premier resource for running mechanics and injury prevention. Referencing over 250 peer-reviewed scientific manuscripts, this text is a comprehensive review of the research and clinical concepts related to gait and injury analysis.

Download or read book Clinical Kinesiology and Biomechanics written by Gordon J. Alderink and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-16 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new textbook uses a problem-based learning (PBL) approach for teaching the fundamentals of kinesiology and biomechanics to undergraduate and graduate students in the biomedical, rehabilitative, and exercise science fields. Case vignettes and problems for each major region of the body are presented – cervical spine, thoracic spine and rib cage, lumbar spine and pelvis, shoulder girdle, elbow/forearm, wrist, hand, hip, knee, and ankle/foot. For the cases on the spine and upper extremity, biomechanics of posture are included; for cases involving the hip, knee, and ankle/foot, an extensive study of gait analysis is also incorporated. These case vignettes are not preceded by chapters that provide foundational information. Rather, relevant anatomical, biomechanical, and other information needed to solve/explain each case are embedded in the relevant chapters presenting the clinical cases.

Download or read book Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System E Book written by Donald A. Neumann and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-12-07 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brilliantly and abundantly illustrated, this dynamic resource is the most comprehensive, research-based, reader-friendly text on kinesiology. An engaging approach explores the fundamental principles in vivid detail and clarifies the link between the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system to help you ensure a clear, confident understanding. UNIQUE! Clinical Connections boxes in each chapter enhance your understanding and promote practical application. Special Focus boxes and clinical examples throughout the text bridge classroom content with real-world application to help you succeed in practice. Logically organized content establishes an understanding of fundamental concepts before moving on to more complex material to make learning easier. Chapter outlines provide a framework for learning and enable you to reference specific topics at a glance. UNIQUE! A companion Evolve Resources website reinforces your understanding through kinesiology video clips and answers to study questions. UNIQUE! More than 500 high-quality, full-color illustrations clarify musculoskeletal anatomy and reinforce anatomic concepts. Study questions in each chapter test your comprehension and strengthen your critical-thinking capabilities.

Download or read book An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy written by Leslie Aiello and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1990-09-11 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An anthropologist and an anatomist have combined their skills in this book to provide students and research workers with the essentials of anatomy and the means to apply these to investigations into hominid form and function. Using basic principles and relevant bones, conclusions can be reached regarding the probable musculature, stance, brain size, age, weight, and sex of a particular fossil specimen. The sort of deductions which are possible are illustrated by reference back to contemporary apes and humans, and a coherent picture of the history of hominid evolution appears. Written in a clear and concise style and beautifully illustrated, An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy is a basic reference for all concerned with human evolution as well as a valuable companion to both laboratory practical sessions and new research using fossil skeletons.

Download or read book Hurdling the Challenges of the 2019 IAAF World Championships written by Olivier Girard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Athletic Footwear and Orthoses in Sports Medicine written by Matthew B. Werd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise manual is for sports medicine specialists who want to effectively prescribe footwear and orthotics for the athlete. The book provides a logical approach designed to maximize performance and minimize injury. In addition to the fundamentals, including athletic foot types, basic biomechanics, and gait evaluation, the text also addresses the assessment and prescription of shoes, inserts, and orthotics. The work covers new technologies and sports-specific recommendations as well. By presenting essential information in a convenient and easily accessible format, this book will prove to be invaluable for sports medicine physicians, podiatrists, physical therapists, athletic trainers, and other specialists when making footwear recommendations for athletes.

Download or read book Who Runs Psychological Physiological and Pathophysiological Aspects of Recreational Endurance Athletes written by Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-22 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Three dimensional Analysis of Human Movement written by Paul Allard and published by Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics. This book was released on 1995 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers, graduate students, and practitioners alike will benefit from this state-of-the-art reference. It's the first book to explain in a single volume the essential components of three-dimensional analysis of human movement. Readers will gain a fundamental understanding of methods and technology used to capture, reconstruct, and process 3-D data; concepts and techniques of mechanical and neuromuscular modeling, including robotics; and the application of 3-D analysis. The editors have brought together contributions from international experts to create a technical manual that demonstrates the possibilities and potential pitfalls of 3-D analysis of human movement. More than 140 tables, diagrams, and photos throughout the book illustrate essential content.