Download or read book Effects of Racial Discrimination on High School Performance and College Admission in Brazil written by Rúbia Da Rocha Valente and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research uses national survey data from the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (National Secondary Education Exam - ENEM) in Brazil to explore the impact of racial discrimination on high school students between 2004 and 2008. The analysis shows that being a victim of racism can reduce a student's ENEM scores, as well as diminish the perceived quality of their education. These results suggest that racial discrimination in the school environment can be detrimental to the learning experience and to educational attainment. In addition, the study analyzes the characteristics of students admitted to the University of Sáo Paulo (USP) and finds a great racial disparity in acceptance rates. Those accepted at the University of Sáo Paulo are more likely to be white, to come from high income families, to come from private high schools, to enroll incursinho (prep course) and to have a mother with high educational attainment. Thus, the study concludes that higher education in Brazil is synonymous with elitism and that the lack of accessibility by the general population is an impediment to social mobility, especially to Afro-descendants. This work provides a valuable contribution to both race relation studies and educational attainment research in Brazil and it paves the way for future research on the recent implementation of affirmative action policies in federal Brazilian universities.

Download or read book Confronting Affirmative Action in Brazil written by Vânia Penha-Lopes and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using affirmative action to decrease racial inequality is the latest chapter of a long tradition of comparing Brazil and the United States with regard to race. Confronting Affirmative Action in Brazil: University Quota Students and the Quest for Racial Justice is timely for both countries as they struggle with racial justice in higher education. This book responds to the United States’ dismantling of affirmative action programs and a belief that they have run their course. Data show that, while affirmative action policies have contributed to a significant increase in the representation of non-Whites in the U.S. middle class, other segments of the population have yet to take full advantage of such policies. In Brazil, this book engaged with the need to understand the first results of a public policy expected to promote major social change, as it represents the first time that country admitted the existence of racial inequality in its core and took measures toward combating it despite any subsequent controversy or dissent.

Download or read book Essays on Access to Higher Education in Brazil written by Ana Paula Melo da Silva (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies college admissions in Brazil in the past two decades, a period characterized by a decline in the socioeconomic inequality in demand for higher education. The first chapter studies an affirmative action policy enacted at a flagship university in Brazil to lower the socioeconomic inequality in college access. I find substantial redistributive effects, particularly for first-generation and racial minorities. Low-income applicants also become more likely to apply to a selective major. However, some targeted applicants reach too high, missing their chance at acceptance. Such inefficiency is driven by a strict one-major-choice admissions design. Alternative mechanisms can improve efficiency while preserving the redistributive gains. Beyond college access, inclusion in high-earnings fields is an important channel by which affirmative action can promote social mobility. The second chapter studies the effects of temperature on performance in an exam used for college admissions in Brazil. It exploits a unique context in which this exam's stakes changed over time, induced by more universities adopting a centralized college admissions system. Results show that temperature during the exam negatively affects performance. However, as the exam stakes increase, students exert compensatory effort to counterbalance the adverse effects of temperature. These findings reinforce the role of investments in infrastructure to mitigate a source of inequality affecting exam performance and college access. The third chapter studies how affirmative action policies adopted by almost one hundred universities across Brazil changed high school persistence and demand for college. Most policies targeted applicants from public high schools, some of which included income and race criteria. Exploiting temporal and spatial variation in policy intensity, results show positive effects on high school persistence and demand for college among targeted students but negative effects for the non-targeted. These findings highlight the importance of affirmative action in shaping individual aspirations and, in turn, pre-college levels of education, demonstrating the far-reaching effects of affirmative action policies.

Download or read book Essays on Access to Higher Education in Brazil written by Ana Paula Melo da Silva (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies college admissions in Brazil in the past two decades, a period characterized by a decline in the socioeconomic inequality in demand for higher education. The first chapter studies an affirmative action policy enacted at a flagship university in Brazil to lower the socioeconomic inequality in college access. I find substantial redistributive effects, particularly for first-generation and racial minorities. Low-income applicants also become more likely to apply to a selective major. However, some targeted applicants reach too high, missing their chance at acceptance. Such inefficiency is driven by a strict one-major-choice admissions design. Alternative mechanisms can improve efficiency while preserving the redistributive gains. Beyond college access, inclusion in high-earnings fields is an important channel by which affirmative action can promote social mobility. The second chapter studies the effects of temperature on performance in an exam used for college admissions in Brazil. It exploits a unique context in which this exam's stakes changed over time, induced by more universities adopting a centralized college admissions system. Results show that temperature during the exam negatively affects performance. However, as the exam stakes increase, students exert compensatory effort to counterbalance the adverse effects of temperature. These findings reinforce the role of investments in infrastructure to mitigate a source of inequality affecting exam performance and college access. The third chapter studies how affirmative action policies adopted by almost one hundred universities across Brazil changed high school persistence and demand for college. Most policies targeted applicants from public high schools, some of which included income and race criteria. Exploiting temporal and spatial variation in policy intensity, results show positive effects on high school persistence and demand for college among targeted students but negative effects for the non-targeted. These findings highlight the importance of affirmative action in shaping individual aspirations and, in turn, pre-college levels of education, demonstrating the far-reaching effects of affirmative action policies.

Download or read book Racism in Brazil Inequality in Educational Opportunities and Social Mobility written by Neil Turner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Politische Soziologie, Majoritäten, Minoritäten, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the debate on race relations in Brazil. The main focus of this work is to examine inequality of opportunities between whites and nonwhites and how class and racial discrimination impacts outcomes for social advancement. Although many scholars, intellectuals and authors have contributed to an analysis of this debate, race relations in Brazil remains a very confounding and provocative issue. The rapid and tremendous growth that Brazil is currently experiencing has brought increased stratification between races and classes and a recurrence of the public debate on this complex issue. This paper will trace the history of this debate, the myth of racial democracy, the Afro-Brazilian militant movement and provide a brief overview of the existing quantitative research on Brazilian race relations.

Download or read book Racial and Low Income Quotas in Brazilian Universities written by Claudia Rocha-Vidigal and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of racial and low-income quotas on academic performance considering all public and private universities in Brazil. Using data from the National Examination of Student Performance (ENADE) conducted in 2012, the results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in academic performance between students admitted under the racial quota and those who had the regular admission (non-quota students). The impact is positive, however, for students from the North region of Brazil and among those with very low family income, whereas a negative impact is observed for those from the Central-West region. In regards to the low-income quota, quota students perform worse than eligible non-quota students as their scores are, on average, 14% lower. Similar findings are observed when different subsamples are considered.

Download or read book Race Politics and Education in Brazil written by Rosana Heringer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil has undertaken affirmative action in its universities on an unprecedented scale. An expert group of international scholars puts the new policies in historical, political, and legal context; evaluates their outcomes for students and universities; and demonstrates that the policies have been successful in addressing racial inequality.

Download or read book The Challenges of Education in Brazil written by Colin Brock and published by Symposium Books Ltd. This book was released on 2004-05-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education in Brazil has changed intensely over the last several years. Access to basic education is nearly universal, secondary education has been expanding very rapidly, and so too has higher education at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. However, serious issues remain related to quality, equity and inappropriate use of resources. Some of these problems are related to the fact that Brazil started to develop its education institutions very late, and did not build strong teaching and academic professions that could provide the necessary support for education policies committed to equity, quality and efficiency. This book, written by leading experts, is the first English-language text to provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges facing Brazilian education at all levels, including issues such as the quality of basic education, the establishment of standards for higher education, the experiences of technical and vocational schools, teacher education, regulation and financing of public and private higher education, and the growing role of graduate education and research.

Download or read book Race Discrimination in Brazil written by Maurício Cortez Reis and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earnings differential between white and black workers present a decreasing trend for younger cohorts in Brazil. We argue in this paper that the reduction in economic discrimination for younger cohorts could have played an important role on this result. Using the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey data [Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD)] from 1987 to 2002, the earnings differential by race is decomposed into two parts through the Oaxaca-Blinder methodology: the first one is the characteristic effect and the second is the discrimination term. This decomposition is made for 90 cells defined by cohort and year. After that, the amount of earnings differential due to discrimination term is decomposed into age, period and cohort effects. According to the evidences, the cohort effects are smaller for younger generations, and the age effects present a decreasing trend for older workers. The results show also that periods with high inflation are associated with weaker contribution of discrimination term to earnings differential.

Download or read book Effects of Race and Gender on Academic Achievement in High School Students written by Jennifer Lyn Boelkins and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sociological Abstracts written by Leo P. Chall and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CSA Sociological Abstracts abstracts and indexes the international literature in sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,800+ serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers.

Download or read book Race and the Brazilian Body written by Jennifer Roth-Gordon and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil's "comfortable racial contradiction"--"Good" appearances : race, language, and citizenship -- Investing in whiteness: middle-class practices of linguistic discipline -- Fears of racial contact : crime, violence, and the struggle over urban space -- Avoiding blackness : the flip side of boa aparência -- Making the mano : the uncomfortable visibility of blackness in politically conscious Brazilian hip hop -- Conclusion : "seeing" race

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-03 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Opportunity Foregone written by Nancy Birdsall and published by IDB. This book was released on 1996 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental changes in Brazilian economic policy in the mid-1990s have dramatically slowed inflation and set the stage for sustained growth. These gains provide the opportunity to turn to other social and economic problems overshadowed for years by the country's macroeconomic problems. Among the most important issues on the agenda is education. Opportunity Foregone: Education in Brazil offers a frank and thorough assessment of the country's educational performance and the resulting social costs. It identifies necessary reforms and the barriers to reform. The book's 18 studies examine a wide variety of key issues regarding the economics of education in Brazil.

Download or read book Affirmative Action Around the World written by Thomas Sowell and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An eminent authority presents a new perspective on affirmative action in a provocative book that will stir fresh debate about this vitally important issue

Download or read book Constitutionalism in Context written by David S. Law and published by . This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad-ranging, interdisciplinary, and context-rich exploration of the fields of constitutional studies and comparative constitutional law for research and teaching.