Download or read book Effects of Prescribed and Simulated Fire and Forest History of Giant Sequoia Sequoiadendron Giganteum Lindley Buchholz mixed Conifer Ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada California written by Scott Lewis Stephens and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Prescribed and Simulated Fire and Forest History of Giant Sequoia Sequoiadendron Giganteum Lindley Buchholz mixed Conifer Ecosystem of the Sierra Nevada California written by Scott Lewis Stephens and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fire induced Tree Mortality in the Mixed Conifer Forests of the Sierra Nevada California written by Phillip John Van Mantgem and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks N P Middle and South Forks of the Kings River and North Fork of the Kern River General Management Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks and Middle and South Forks of the Kings River and North Fork of the Kern River Tulare and Fresno Counties California written by United States. National Park Service and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report PSW written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Terrestrial Vegetation of California 3rd Edition written by Michael Barbour and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-07-17 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This completely new edition of Terrestrial Vegetation of California clearly documents the extraordinary complexity and richness of the plant communities and of the state and the forces that shape them. This volume is a storehouse of information of value to anyone concerned with meeting the challenge of understanding, managing or conserving these unique plant communities under the growing threats of climate change, biological invasions and development."—Harold Mooney, Professor of Environmental Biology, Stanford University "The plants of California are under threat like never before. Traditional pressures of development and invasive species have been joined by a newly-recognized threat: human-caused climate change. It is essential that we thoroughly understand current plant community dynamics in order to have a hope of conserving them. This book represents an important, well-timed advance in knowledge of the vegetation of this diverse state and is an essential resource for professionals, students, and the general public alike."—Brent Mishler, Director of the University & Jepson Herbaria and Professor of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley
Download or read book Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project Final Report to Congress written by Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project and published by Centers for Water and Wildl Ornia. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Thinning and Prescribed Burning on Tree Resistance to Extreme Drought in a Sierra Nevada Mixed conifer Forest California USA written by Chance C. Callahan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought-induced tree mortality can drastically alter forest composition, structure, carbon dynamics, and ecosystem function. Increasingly, forest policy and management focuses on how to improve forest resistance and resilience to drought stress. This study used tree ring data at Teakettle Experimental Forest (TEF), a historically frequent fire mixed-conifer forest in the California Sierra Nevada, to quantify how prescribed fire and mechanical thinning conducted in 2001-2002 influenced stand and tree-level growth responses to the extreme California drought of 2012-2016. Overstory thinning and understory thinning significantly enhanced growth responses to treatments alone and treatments during the drought at the stand-level. In each year of the drought, distinct tree species were the only significant predictors of drought resistance at the stand-level. As drought persisted, shade-intolerant pine species yielded greater drought resistance values than shade-tolerant white fir and incense cedar. No prescribed burn effects were found, likely due low fire intensity. At the tree-level, tree diameter (DBH), tree height (HT), crown ratio (CRNR), topographic position index (TPI), and change in growing space over time (competition) were the most important predictors of growth responses to treatments and drought resistance. Mechanical thinning, in both understory and overstory thinning can enhance mixed-conifer forests ability to resist drought by reducing competition and increasing resource availability. This study suggests forest managers have flexibility in prescribing various thinning intensities to promote drought resistance. Prescribed burn effects were not found in this study, but further research is needed to understand long-term burn effects for promoting drought resistance in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests.
Download or read book Fire and Fire Surrogate Effects on Soil Properties in a Sierra Nevada Mixed conifer Forest written by Emily Eleanor Yukie Moghaddas and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Prescribed Fire on Sugar Pine Mortality in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks written by Jonny CB. Nesmith and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire is one of the main agents controlling composition, structure, and function of mixed conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada, CA. Over the past century, there has been a dramatic shift in the role of fire in these forests as fire regimes shifted from low intensity, frequent fires prior to European settlement in the region, to extended periods of fire exclusion due to a policy of active fire suppression. This led to many unintended consequences such as increased stand density, shifts in species composition towards more shade tolerant species such as white fir, and an increase in fire severity and extent when fires do occur due to increased fuels and changing climate. In the past several decades, prescribed fire has become one of the most important tools for forest restoration and management, yet its effects are still not fully understood. This uncertainty is especially true for sugar pine, a species that is being affected not only by changing forest conditions, but also by the introduced pathogen white pine blister rust. These multiple factors, and potential interactions among them, have led to population declines of sugar pine in some areas and have raised concerns about potential mortality during prescribed fire. The goal of this research was to better understand what processes were most important in controlling post-fire mortality of sugar pine, use this information to produce more accurate predictive models of post-fire mortality, and to evaluate simple management actions that could ameliorate the risk of mortality following fire. The first chapter serves as an introduction to the mixed conifer ecosystem and sugar pine in particular. It discusses the main factors that control mortality following prescribed fire and highlights some of the main findings of this research. In the second chapter, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of multiple variables related to tree health, beetle activity, blister rust, and fire effects and their relative importance in controlling sugar pine mortality following prescribed fire in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Multiple factors are known to influence mortality following fire including fuel loads, fire intensity, beetle activity, and tree size, yet little is known about how these factors interact to control post-fire mortality. A total of 436 sugar pine were measured within three separate prescribed fires in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. SEM was used to evaluate a network of causal relationships between factors that affect post-fire mortality of sugar pine and to assess both direct and indirect effects. Several factors were found to significantly influence post-fire mortality, with crown volume scorch, diameter at breast height (dbh), and post-fire beetle activity showing the strongest effects; though the magnitude of these effects differed among sites. Other factors such as blister rust infection and pre-fire beetle activity had little impact on post-fire mortality. A causal model was developed that considered both indirect and direct effects of multiple factors associated with post-fire mortality while demonstrating the variability in the relative strength of these causal relationships based on specific attributes. This model can be used in forest management to provide a clear understanding of how fire effects interrelate with multiple processes to control post fire sugar pine mortality. The third chapter examined whether the inclusion of pre-fire tree health (based on tree ring records) in models looking at post-fire sugar pine mortality improved model fit over models based on measures of fire effects alone. This study was conducted within an old-growth mixed-conifer forest in Sequoia National Park that had been prescribed burned during 2001 or 2002. Fire effects measured by percent crown volume scorched and stem char height, and pre-fire tree health measured by multiple indices of growth calculated from tree cores and measures of crown health were assessed for 105 sugar pine. Health status (live or dead) was observed prior to the fire, immediately post-fire and five years post-fire. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effects of fire and pre-fire tree health on post-fire mortality. Models based only on tree size and fire effects were compared to models that included fire effects and measures of pre-fire tree health using AICc. Five years following fire, the model that best predicted mortality included dbh, crown volume scorch, 30 year growth trend, and count of sharp declines over a 30 year period. The inclusion of long-term measures of growth markedly improved model fit compared to models based only on fire effects ([Delta]AICc = 26.4). However, immediately after fire, models that included measures of pre-fire tree health resulted in only marginal improvements over models based only on measures of fire effects ([Delta]AICc = 2.1). These results imply that multiple processes, in addition to fire, are functioning to influence delayed mortality and that the inclusion of measures of tree health can provide more accurate predictions of post-fire mortality. Finally, chapter four tests whether raking away duff and litter from the base of the stem can be used as an effective means of reducing sugar pine mortality following prescribed fire. This study was conducted in three prescribed fires in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks and included 457 trees, half of which were raked to mineral soil to 0.5 m away from the stem. Fire effects were assessed and tree mortality was followed for three years after prescribed fires. Overall, raking had no detectable effect on mortality as raked trees averaged 30 % mortality compared to 36 % for unraked trees. There was a significant interaction, however, between raking and average pre-treatment forest floor fuel depth: The predicted probability of survival of a 50 cm dbh tree was 0.94 vs. 0.96 when average pre-treatment fuel depth was 0 cm for a raked and unraked tree, respectively. When average pre-treatment forest floor fuel depth was 30 cm, the predicted probability of survival for a raked 50 cm tree was 0.60 compared to only 0.07 for an unraked tree. Raking did not affect mortality when fire intensity, measured as percent crown volume scorched, was very low (0 % scorch) or very high (>80 % scorch), but the raking treatment significantly increased the proportion of trees that survived by 9.6 % for trees that burned under moderate fire intensity (1 % to 80 % scorch). Raking significantly reduced the likelihood of bole charring and bark beetle activity three years post-fire. This implies that raking can be an effective management tool to reduce tree mortality following prescribed fire under specific fuel and burning conditions.
Download or read book Mitigating Old Tree Mortality in Long Unburned Fire Dependent Forests written by Sharon Hood and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, many forested ecosystems in the United States burned frequently, both from lightning ignited fires and from Native American burning. Frequent fire maintained low fuel loadings and shaped forests composed of tree species adapted to survive low-intensity frequent fire. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests burned as frequently as every 2 to 8 years (Christensen 1981; Frost 1993), and historical records and dendrochronological studies provide evidence that ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buchholz), red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton), and many other forests also burned regularly. In the early 1900s, the United States government initiated a program to suppress all fires, both natural and anthropogenic. Many unintended consequences have resulted from over a century of fire suppression, such as increased tree densities and fuel, increased stress on older trees from competition, and greater risk of bark beetle attacks. These consequences are especially apparent in forests that historically burned frequently and have thus missed many fire cycles.
Download or read book Simulating the Effects of Climate Change Wildfire and Fuel Treatment on Sierra Nevada Forests written by Shuang Liang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sierra Nevada forests represent a major ecological and economic resource for the state of California. Changes in climate and disturbance regimes, compounded with changes in forest structure from fire-exclusion, pose a critical challenge to managing Sierran forests for sustained carbon (C) sequestration and ecosystem services. My dissertation research sought to improve our understanding of how changing climate and disturbance will affect forest ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada by accounting for species-specific dynamics and interacting spatial processes that were underrepresented in landscape projections. Given the diverse tree species and forest types that differ in their optimal climate for growth and tolerance of stressors, I simulated forest dynamics in the Sierra Nevada under projected future climate and area burned as well as alternative management strategies with a species-specific, spatially explicit forest landscape model. First, I quantified how projected climate-wildfire interactions would affect forest communities and associated C dynamics. Here, results suggest that, across the Sierra Nevada, forest communities may not change as intact unit over the 21st Century and potential exists for substantial community change and C sequestration decline beyond this century. Then, I assessed the long-term successional trajectory and the ability of the system to sequester C beyond the 21st Century. Assuming climate and wildfire distributions equilibrate at late-century conditions, the results show a committed decline in forest cover and C carrying capacity, suggesting a steep reduction in the contribution of Sierra Nevada forest to the terrestrial C sink. Finally, I quantified how large-scale restoration treatments would alter the effects of changing climate and wildfire on forest C balance. I found that widespread application of fuel treatments would confer greater forest C stock stability. This work offers an improved understanding of how changing environmental conditions will affect the forest ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada and provides insights into using large-scale management strategy to manage the Sierran landscape under novel conditions.
Download or read book Ecological Effects of Prescribed and Simulated Fire on the Coast Redwood sequoia Sempervirens D Don Endl written by Mark Arnold Finney and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prescribed Fire Effects on Physical and Hydrological Properties of Mixed conifer Forest Floor and Soil written by James K. Agee and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
