Download or read book Effects of paved roads on birds written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COPYRIGHT: The contents of this paper are solely the property of the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative and the Western Transportation Institute, and cannot be reproduced without permission from both parties. [...] The contents of this report refl ect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. [...] A mitigation-centered report by Jacobson (2005) was the single report we found that The purpose of this literature review is threefold: summarized all the recognized direct and indirect 1) to gain a better understanding of the breadth of ecological impacts of paved highways specifi cally paved-road-related threats to birds, 2) to synthesize to birds. [...] Avoidance response to traffi c Perhaps the most important contribution to the current knowledge of traffi c impacts on birds was Traffi c volume is believed to be the most important research conducted in The Netherlands (Reijnen factor affecting breeding bird population densities and Foppen 1994, Foppen and Reijnen 1994). [...] Traffi c authors found that the density of male Willow can infl uence occupancy levels (Clec'h 2001) and Warblers was lower in the road zone (0-200 m create avoidance zones that extend as far as 1000 m from the road) than in similar habitat farther from or more from the road itself (Reijnen and Foppen the road (Reijnen and Foppen 1994, Foppen and 2006).
Download or read book Effects of Paved Roads on Birds written by Angela Victoria Kociolek and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing and Managing the Ecological Impacts of Paved Roads written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-22 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All phases of road developmentâ€"from construction and use by vehicles to maintenanceâ€"affect physical and chemical soil conditions, water flow, and air and water quality, as well as plants and animals. Roads and traffic can alter wildlife habitat, cause vehicle-related mortality, impede animal migration, and disperse nonnative pest species of plants and animals. Integrating environmental considerations into all phases of transportation is an important, evolving process. The increasing awareness of environmental issues has made road development more complex and controversial. Over the past two decades, the Federal Highway Administration and state transportation agencies have increasingly recognized the importance of the effects of transportation on the natural environment. This report provides guidance on ways to reconcile the different goals of road development and environmental conservation. It identifies the ecological effects of roads that can be evaluated in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of roads and offers several recommendations to help better understand and manage ecological impacts of paved roads.
Download or read book Handbook of Road Ecology written by Rodney van der Ree and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the IENE Project Award 2016. This authoritative volume brings together some of the world’s leading researchers, academics, practitioners and transportation agency personnel to present the current status of the ecological sustainability of the linear infrastructure – primarily road, rail and utility easements – that dissect and fragment landscapes globally. It outlines the potential impacts, demonstrates how this infrastructure is being improved, and how broad ecological principles are applied to mitigate the impact of road networks on wildlife. Research and monitoring is an important aspect of road ecology, encompassing all phases of a transportation project. This book covers research and monitoring to span the entire project continuum – starting with planning and design, through construction and into maintenance and management. It focuses on impacts and solutions for species groups and specific regions, with particular emphasis on the unique challenges facing Asia, South America and Africa. Other key features: Contributions from authors originating from over 25 countries, including from all continents Each chapter summarizes important lessons, and includes lists of further reading and thoroughly up to date references Highlights principles that address key points relevant to all phases in all road projects Explains best-practices based on a number of successful international case studies Chapters are "stand-alone", but they also build upon and complement each other; extensive cross-referencing directs the reader to relevant material elsewhere in the book Handbook of Road Ecology offers a comprehensive summary of approximately 30 years of global efforts to quantify the impacts of roads and traffic and implement effective mitigation. As such, it is essential reading for those involved in the planning, design, assessment and construction of new roads; the management and maintenance of existing roads; and the modifying or retrofitting of existing roads and problem locations. This handbook is an accessible resource for both developed and developing countries, including government transportation agencies, Government environmental/conservation agencies, NGOs, and road funding and donor organisations.
Download or read book Bird Populations Collins New Naturalist Library Book 124 written by Ian Newton and published by HarperCollins UK. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the latest addition to the New Naturalist series, Ian Newton explores bird populations and what causes their fluctuation – food supplies, competitors, predators, parasites, pathogens and human activity.
Download or read book Ecological Effects of Roads written by I F Spellerberg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-01-07 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the ecology of roads and describes the effects of roads and traffic. It discusses the methods for avoiding, remedying and mitigating the adverse effects of roads on the environment, habitats, and plants and animals.
Download or read book Kerr McGee Oil and Gas Onshore LP KMG Greater Natural Buttes written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Animals and Human Society written by Colin G. Scanes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals and Human Society provides a solid, scientific, research-based background to advance understanding of how animals impact humans. Animals have had profound effects on people from the earliest times, ranging from zoonotic diseases, to the global impact of livestock, poultry and fish production, to the influences of human-associated animals on the environment (on extinctions, air and water pollution, greenhouse gases, etc.), to the importance of animals in human evolution and hunter -gatherer communities.As a resource for both science and non-science, Animals and Human Society can be used as a text for courses in Animals and Human Society or Animal Science, or as supplemental material for Introduction to Animal Science. It offers foundational background to those who may have little background in animal agriculture and have focused interest on companion animals and horses. The work introduces livestock production (including poultry and aquaculture) but also includes coverage of companion and lab animals. In addition, animal behavior and animal perception are covered.Animals and Human Society is likewise an excellent resource for researchers, academics, or students newly entering a related field or coming from another discipline and needing foundational information, as well as interested laypersons looking to augment their knowledge on the many impacts of animals in human society. Features research-based and pedagogically sound content, with learning goals and textboxes to provide key information Challenges readers to consider issues based on facts rather than polemics Poses ethical questions and raises overall societal impacts Balances traditional animal science with companion animals, animal biology, zoonotic diseases, animal products, environmental impacts and all aspects of human/animal interaction
Download or read book Impacts of Coal Surface Mining on 25 Migratory Bird Species of High Federal Interest written by Judith Scherpelz Armbruster and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Roads and Ecological Infrastructure written by Kimberly M. Andrews and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide that explains how we can design roads that are compatible with populations of small wildlife. Few of us think twice about driving on roads. Yet the very presence of roads and the act of driving on them can impact the ecological infrastructure that supports an animal's daily life. What chance does a turtle have of successfully laying its eggs when it needs to traverse a busy highway? Is it realistic to expect small mammals to breed when an interstate thoroughfare subdivides their population? These are the sorts of challenges faced by small, often slow-moving, animals, challenges that road engineers and ecologists are trying to address. For countless small species, vehicles traveling at high speeds are nothing less than missiles shooting across migration pathways. For too many animals, the danger can lead to the loss of populations, in part because they simply are not programmed to react to traffic. Salamanders faced with a two-lane road between the forest and their aquatic breeding site, for example, will typically cross that road regardless of the congestion. The result can be hundreds of flattened animals in a single night. Roads and Ecological Infrastructure is the first book to focus on reducing conflict between roads and small animals. Highlighting habitat connections and the challenges and solutions from both transportation and ecological perspectives, the volume covers various themes, including animal behavior related to roads and design approaches to mitigate the negative effects of roads on wildlife. The chapter authors—from transportation experts to university researchers—each promote a goal of realistic problem solving. Conceptual and practical, this book will influence the next decade or more of road design in ecologically sensitive areas and should prevent countless unnecessary wildlife fatalities. Published in association with The Wildlife Society.
Download or read book Deschutes National Forest N F Ochoco National Forest N F and Crooked River National Grassland Travel Management Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fishlake National Forest N F Quitchupah Creek Road written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gallatin National Forest N F Travel Management Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Road on Forest Bird Communities in Pennsylvania s Core Forested Landscape written by Kimberly Serno and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roadways are a prominent feature on the landscape and a major factor in determining the impact of human development on wildlife populations. This is especially true in areas characterized by low development, such as north-central PA where roads act as the major source of land modification and fragmentation. Roads may affect wildlife through multiple mechanisms, including fragmentation, alteration of habitat structure, and traffic disturbance. Our goal was to determine whether and how bird communities differ between roadside and off road surveys and identify which road-characteristics are associated with the largest changes in forest bird communities.During the 2015 and 2016 breeding seasons, we conducted point counts at 1088 locations within public forest lands in north central Pennsylvania. At each of these point count locations we recorded elevation, distance to nearest stream, as well as forest cover type proportion within 100m of the point count center. We used these variables to control for possible differences between forest interior and road points. We found that road points tended to occur at lower elevations and closer to streams than forest interior points. Forest interior points tended to have higher proportions of hemlock than road points, while road points had higher proportions of oak and other conifers.The road characteristics we measured were road presence, road type, width of canopy opening, width and composition of vegetation adjacent to the road; and ground, understory, and midstory cover at the forest edge. We ran comparison tests to determine if road characteristics varied by road type. Paved roads differed from the other two road types. They tended to create larger openings in the forest canopy, have larger roadside buffers, and a higher proportion of herbaceous vegetation present in the roadside buffer than dirt or gravel roads.We analyzed our point count survey data using multi-species occupancy models, allowing us to determine how average road effects differed among different species-groups. The presence of a road was associated with higher occupancy of human-associated species with a mean estimated effect size (logistic regression coefficients for the effect road presence on occupancy) of 0.699 (95% Credible Interval (CI): 0.240 to 1.137). The effect of the road on occupancy of human associated species differed among the road types with paved roads being associated with the largest increase in occupancy (: 0.929, 95% CI 0.201 to 1.590) and dirt roads with the smallest (: 0.568, 95% CI: 0.211 to 0.954). Dirt roads were also associated with higher occupancy of forest generalist species, with a mean effect size of 0.322 (95% CI: 0.034 to 0.604). Gravel and paved roads were not associated with a change in occupancy for forest generalist species. Paved roads were associated with lower occupancy of forest interior species (: -0.327, 95% CI: -0.632 to -0.091). Dirt and gravel roads were not associated with a change in occupancy for forest interior species. Road type was not associated with changes in occupancy of edge/early successional species.In addition to the type of road, the width of the canopy opening and the width of the vegetation bordering the road, as well as the composition of the vegetation, were correlated with changes in occupancy. As canopy openings became wider and the width of the adjacent roadside buffer became wider, occupancy rates of forest interior species declined with mean estimated effect sizes of -0.025 (95% CI: 0.049 -0.002) and -0.026 (95% CI: -0.049 to -0.003) respectively, while both were associated with increases in occupancy for edge/early successional species (: 0.077, 95% CI: 0.030 0.121; : 0.061, 95% CI: 0.017 to 0.103 respectively). Forest generalists and human associated species did not see a change in occupancy associated with increasing canopy opening or roadside buffer width.Moving from the road corridor into the forest edge, the amount of ground cover was associated with increases in occupancy for edge/early successional and human associated species (: 0.404, 95% CI 0.188 to 0.611; : 0.230, 95% CI 0.074 to 0.394 respectively). Increasing vegetative coverage within the understory was associated with an increase in occupancy for edge/early successional species with a mean effect size of 0.308 (95% CI: 0.105 to 0.509). Occupancy of the forest interior and forest generalist groups did not differ with changes in the amount and composition of vegetation within the forest edge. Our study found that the composition of forest birds differed between points with roads and those without roads and that large paved roads were associated with the largest change in occupancy. Roads that create larger openings are associated with lower occupancies of forest interior species and higher occupancies of edge/early successional species. Just the presence of a road is associated with higher occupancies of human associated species.Our results have implications for avian monitoring programs that occur on roads. For example, many large-scale bird monitoring programs utilize roadside surveys to collect their data in a quick and efficient way. As occupancy levels differ between road and interior points, in remote areas where roads are less common, these surveys may not adequately reflect the composition of the species within the surrounding landscape. To reduce this bias, large scale monitoring programs should attempt to focus their survey routes on small unpaved roads to decrease roadside survey bias.In core forested areas, road development is ongoing to facilitate forest management, access to areas for hunting and recreation, as well as for oil and gas development. Most of the roads in these areas are smaller unpaved roads, but the increasing expansion of natural gas development in north central Pennsylvanias large forested areas is associated with more roads, many of which are large and paved. Overtime, these may be associated with decreasing occupancy of forest interior species and increasing occupancy of human-associated and edge/early successional species. Based on our study, when new roads are needed, we suggest utilizing small unpaved roads to minimize the negative impacts to forest interior species as well as minimize the influx of human-associated species into the interior forest.
Download or read book Klamath National Forest N F written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Custer National Forest N F Sioux Travel Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Road Ecology written by Rodney van der Ree and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the IENE Project Award 2016. This authoritative volume brings together some of the world’s leading researchers, academics, practitioners and transportation agency personnel to present the current status of the ecological sustainability of the linear infrastructure – primarily road, rail and utility easements – that dissect and fragment landscapes globally. It outlines the potential impacts, demonstrates how this infrastructure is being improved, and how broad ecological principles are applied to mitigate the impact of road networks on wildlife. Research and monitoring is an important aspect of road ecology, encompassing all phases of a transportation project. This book covers research and monitoring to span the entire project continuum – starting with planning and design, through construction and into maintenance and management. It focuses on impacts and solutions for species groups and specific regions, with particular emphasis on the unique challenges facing Asia, South America and Africa. Other key features: Contributions from authors originating from over 25 countries, including from all continents Each chapter summarizes important lessons, and includes lists of further reading and thoroughly up to date references Highlights principles that address key points relevant to all phases in all road projects Explains best-practices based on a number of successful international case studies Chapters are "stand-alone", but they also build upon and complement each other; extensive cross-referencing directs the reader to relevant material elsewhere in the book Handbook of Road Ecology offers a comprehensive summary of approximately 30 years of global efforts to quantify the impacts of roads and traffic and implement effective mitigation. As such, it is essential reading for those involved in the planning, design, assessment and construction of new roads; the management and maintenance of existing roads; and the modifying or retrofitting of existing roads and problem locations. This handbook is an accessible resource for both developed and developing countries, including government transportation agencies, Government environmental/conservation agencies, NGOs, and road funding and donor organisations.
