Download or read book Effects of Overstory Mortality on Snow Accumulation and Ablation written by Patrick Anthony Teti and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource managers and forest hydrologists face serious questions about the effects of widespread canopy mortality and accelerated salvage logging on streamflow from mountain pine beetle (MPB)-affected watersheds. This project has documented physical stand characteristics, snow accumulation, and snow ablation rates of growing managed stands and deteriorating natural stands in six groups of plots in British Columbia. One of the main objectives of this project is to provide modelling partners with data on the snow hydrology and physical characteristics of many stands at different stages of growth and deterioration. This will improve their ability to calibrate models to new watersheds and will improve the accuracy of the results.--Includes text from document.
Download or read book Effects of Overstorey Mortality on Snow Accumulation and Ablation written by Patrick Anthony Teti and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project documents stand structure and snow hydrology in both healthy and beetle-attacked pine stands of different ages over a large geographic area. Hydrologic changes are therefore expected in watersheds dominated by lodgepole pine due to the current mountain pine beetle epidemic and to salvage harvesting operations. The project assists in the development of process-based hydrologic models by providing stand-level data on the structure and snow hydrology of growing and deteriorating pine stands at different post-disturbance ages. This will help watershed modellers improve the accuracy of hydrologic predictions under different forest disturbance scenarios.--Includes text from document.
Download or read book A Synthesis of the Hydrological Consequences of Large scale Mountain Pine Beetle Disturbance written by Markus Schnorbus and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current synthesis is a review of research examining the effects of large-scale mountain pine beetle (MPB)-related disturbance conducted predominantly over the past five years. The emphasis is on research that explicitly examines the impact of beetle kill (or biotic disturbance in general) and the cumulative effects of large scale salvage harvesting operations in response to beetle kill. In general, forest disturbance has been found to increase snow accumulation and melt, reduce interception loss and evaporation, and increase runoff and stream flow.--Document.
Download or read book The Effects of a Changing Landscape on Snow Accumulation and Ablation in the Upper Little Laramie River Wyoming Watershed written by Jacob R. Heward and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many alpine regions, especially in the western United States, the snow pack is the cause of the peak discharge and most of the annual flow. A distributed snow melt model with a point-scale snow melt theory is used to estimate the timing and intensity of both snow accumulation and ablation. The type and distribution of vegetation across a watershed influences timing and intensity of snowmelt and spring discharge. This study includes an analysis of the effects of the recent bark beetle infestation, using leaf area index (LAI) changes estimated from MODIS products. These changes were incorporated into the spatially distributed snow model to quantify the snow melt timing and intensity changes in the Upper Little Laramie River watershed. The radiation changes, turbulent flux effects, and snow interception process were explicitly modeled by the vegetation parameterization in the snow model. The model outputs suggested only less than 5 percent change in snowpack due to the bark beetle infestation.
Download or read book Modelling the Effects of Forest Disturbances on Snow Accumulation and Ablation in the Okanagan written by Reed Davis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microclimate Studies in Uniform Shelterwood Systems in the Sub Boreal Spruce Zone of Central British Columbia written by Robert Matthew Sagar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was initiated in 2001 as part of a uniform shelterwood trial located in the dry, warm Sub-Boreal Spruce subzone (sbsdw) near Williams Lake, B.C., after a second harvesting entry was completed. The focus of the main trial was to test various levels of residual basal retention and harvesting methods on the establishment, survival, and productivity of Douglas-fir regeneration. The microclimate component was set up to help interpret tree performance by comparing the climate conditions among three of the residual basal area treatments (0, 15, and 20 m2/ha). The objectives for the microclimate portion of the shelterwood project were to compare soil temperatures and snow-free periods among the three residual basal area treatments (0, 15, and 20 m2/ha); to compare the incidence, duration, and severity of growing season frosts among the three residual basal area treatments (0, 15, and 20 m2/ha); and to investigate the effects of local canopy density on minimum near-ground air temperatures and duration of frost events during the growing season.--Document.
Download or read book Information Forestry written by and published by . This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying the Water Resource Impacts of Mountain Pine Beetle and Associated Salvage Harvest Operations Across a Range of Watershed Scales written by Markus Schnorbus and published by Canadian Museum of Civilization/Musee Canadien Des Civilisations. This book was released on 2010 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents the results of a project done to assess the potential for impacts and changes to the peak-flow regime throughout various sub-basins of the Fraser River Watershed. The vast size and the physical complexity of the Fraser River Basin make it extremely difficult to directly measure the hydrologic effects of beetle kill and salvage harvesting. As a result, a hydrology model has been used to assess the hydrologic consequences of the current outbreak. The project is part of a larger effort in quantifying the water resource impacts of the pine beetle and salvage harvesting across a range of watershed scales.--Includes text from document.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2015-10 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying and Modeling the Influence of Forest on the Magnitude and Duration of Mountain Snow Storage in the Pacific Northwest USA written by Susan E. Dickerson-Lange and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests strongly influence the amount and duration mountain snow storage because forest cover modifies both snow accumulation and ablation processes. Quantifying and predicting forest effects on snow processes and snow storage is critical for understanding the effects of forest change on snow storage, and subsequent impacts on downstream water resources. However, both the magnitude and direction of forest modifications of individual snow processes vary with climate, topography, and forest characteristics. Accurate prediction of the net effects of forest change on mountain snow storage, particularly in a warming climate, depends on accurately representing the spatiotemporal variability of forest-snow interactions. With a goal to better understand forest-snow processes in the maritime snow zone, we collected snow observations over four winters within diverse forest types in western Washington, USA. We utilize these new observations to quantify forest effects on snow duration, as well as to assess the robustness of remote methods to observe snow-covered area within a forest. We find that mean snow duration is 8 days longer in forest gaps than in forested plots, but that snow duration in thinned forest and dense forest are indistinguishable at the 1600 m2 plot-scale. We additionally show that time-lapse cameras and spatially distributed ground temperature sensors are both robust methods for observing snow duration, and make suggestions about the optimal spatial density of snow observations within forests. The entire four-year dataset and related metadata are extensively described, and are now publicly available for potential use in numerous modeling applications. To expand our focus on forest-snow interactions to the Pacific Northwest, USA, regional-scale, we collaborate with other research institutions and engage citizen scientists. Regional synthesis and analysis of snow depth and duration at 12 out of 14 paired open-forest locations show that differential snow duration ranges from synchronous, to snow lasting up to 13 weeks longer in the open. The differences in snow duration are attributed to forest effects on snow accumulation, with larger differences between snow accumulation rates than between ablation rates in the open and forested sites through the duration of the forest snowpack. In 2 out of the 14 locations, differential snow duration is 2-5 weeks longer in the forest. These 2 sites are subject to hourly average wind speeds ranging up to 8 and 17 m s-1. Therefore, longer snow duration in the forest likely results from a combination of enhanced deposition of snow and reduced snow loss from canopy interception in the forested sites. These findings suggest that a regional framework to understand forest effects on snow storage in the maritime to maritime-continental transitional climate across the Pacific Northwest must account for high interception efficiencies in warmer climates as well a high winds due to topographic exposure and climate. Lastly, we assess the influence of forest structural characteristics on snow storage in western Washington by linking lidar-derived forest canopy metrics to snow depth and snow duration. By using a matrix decomposition method to collapse the variance of spatially distributed observations of snow depth onto a few dominant modes, we show that the top two modes represent forest effects on snow accumulation and ablation, respectively. Furthermore, gridded metrics of canopy cover and height that quantify the canopy directly overhead, rather than to the south, correlate equally strongly (r2 of up to 0.74) with the spatial coefficients that scale both of these modes. This finding suggests that the role of forests in shading the snowpack from sunlight is diminished at this site. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of physiographic predictors of snow duration across a range of elevations and years quantifies the important role of canopy characteristics in controlling snow duration. At the study site in western Washington, the binary simplification of considering forested versus open locations is supported by evidence for a stepped response, in which snow duration shifts from longer to shorter around values of 60-70% canopy cover. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that forest effects on snow accumulation dominate the overall influence of forest on snow storage in the Pacific Northwest, USA, resulting in larger magnitude and longer duration snow storage in canopy gaps, except in locations subject to high wind speeds.
Download or read book Forests Water Guidelines written by Great Britain. Forestry Commission and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work advises owners and managers how woodlands and forests influence the freshwater ecosystem, and gives guidance on how operations should be carried out in order to protect and enhance the water environment. The guidelines apply equally to forest enterprises and the private sector.
Download or read book High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World written by Jordi Catalan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Download or read book Forest Water Interactions written by Delphis F. Levia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations has declared 2018-2028 as the International Decade for Action on Water for Sustainable Development. This is a timely designation. In an increasingly thirsty world, the subject of forest-water interactions is of critical importance to the achievement of sustainability goals. The central underlying tenet of this book is that the hydrologic community can conduct better science and make a more meaningful impact to the world’s water crisis if scientists are: (1) better equipped to utilize new methods and harness big data from either or both high-frequency sensors and long-term research watersheds; and (2) aware of new developments in our process-based understanding of the hydrological cycle in both natural and urban settings. Accordingly, this forward-looking book delves into forest-water interactions from multiple methodological, statistical, and process-based perspectives (with some chapters featuring data sets and open-source R code), concluding with a chapter on future forest hydrology under global change. Thus, this book describes the opportunities of convergence in high-frequency sensing, big data, and open source software to catalyze more comprehensive understanding of forest-water interactions. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in an array of disciplines, including hydrology, forestry, ecology, botany, and environmental engineering.
Download or read book Natural Communities of New Hampshire written by Daniel D. Sperduto and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Tree Ring Research written by James H. Speer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree-ring dating (dendrochronology) is a method of scientific dating based on the analysis of tree-ring growth patterns. As author James Speer notes, trees are remarkable bioindicators. Although there are other scientific means of dating climatic and environmental events, dendrochronology provides the most reliable of all paleorecords. Dendrochronology can be applied to very old trees to provide long-term records of past temperature, rainfall, fire, insect outbreaks, landslides, hurricanes, and ice storms--to name only a few events. This comprehensive text addresses all of the subjects that a reader who is new to the field will need to know and will be a welcome reference for practitioners at all levels. It includes a history of the discipline, biological and ecological background, principles of the field, basic scientific information on the structure and growth of trees, the complete range of dendrochronology methods, and a full description of each of the relevant subdisciplines. Individual chapters address the composition of wood, methods of field and laboratory study, dendroarchaeology, dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, and dendrochemistry. The book also provides thorough introductions to common computer programs and methods of statistical analysis. In the final chapter, the author describes "frontiers in dendrochronology," with an eye toward future directions in the field. He concludes with several useful appendixes, including a listing of tree and shrub species that have been used successfully by dendrochronologists. Throughout, photographs and illustrations visually represent the state of knowledge in the field.
Download or read book Forest Water Interactions written by Delphis F. Levia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations has declared 2018-2028 as the International Decade for Action on Water for Sustainable Development. This is a timely designation. In an increasingly thirsty world, the subject of forest-water interactions is of critical importance to the achievement of sustainability goals. The central underlying tenet of this book is that the hydrologic community can conduct better science and make a more meaningful impact to the world’s water crisis if scientists are: (1) better equipped to utilize new methods and harness big data from either or both high-frequency sensors and long-term research watersheds; and (2) aware of new developments in our process-based understanding of the hydrological cycle in both natural and urban settings. Accordingly, this forward-looking book delves into forest-water interactions from multiple methodological, statistical, and process-based perspectives (with some chapters featuring data sets and open-source R code), concluding with a chapter on future forest hydrology under global change. Thus, this book describes the opportunities of convergence in high-frequency sensing, big data, and open source software to catalyze more comprehensive understanding of forest-water interactions. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in an array of disciplines, including hydrology, forestry, ecology, botany, and environmental engineering.
