Download or read book Effects of Nutritional Supplementation of Palmitic and Stearic Acid on Milk Composition and Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Multiparous Holstein Dairy Cows and Primiparous Brown Swiss Cows written by Mary Kathleen Beam and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Feeding Supplemental Palmitic and Stearic Acid on Intake Production and Nutrient Digestion in Lactating Dairy Cattle written by Richard Shepardson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy in many modern lactating dairy cow rations is a limiting factor for production. Supplementing diets with various fat sources can improve energy intake, which allows cows to maintain milk and component production as well as body condition. Due to the negative effects on intake and rumen fermentation by unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), many modern supplements are based on saturated long chain fatty acids (FA), which are not expected to cause adverse effects in the rumen. These supplements are commonly based on palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid (SA), as well as various combinations thereof. First, this thesis investigated the physical characteristics of fat supplements and FA stocks (often used for making FA blends for commercial products). Supplements that are highly enriched (>95%) in PA or SA tend to have lower digestibility than those that are moderately enriched (~85%) or are a blend of PA and SA. Lipids have the ability to form rigid, secondary crystalline structures and this thesis provided evidence using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) that increasing the enrichment of a FA within a fat supplement increased both the melting temperature and the amount of energy (enthalpy) required to melt a sample. Increasing UFA in FA stocks also decreased both melting temperature and enthalpy compared to enriched FA stocks. This is indicative of the formation of secondary crystalline structures and suggests that these physical characteristics may be playing a role in the decreased digestibility of highly enriched supplements. Secondly, this thesis conducted an experiment with lactating cows comparing supplements that differed in FA profile and demonstrated that fat supplements that were ~90% PA and approximately a 50/50 blend of PA and SA improved milk fat production compared to a supplement that was ~90% SA and a no-supplemental fat control group. The PA/SA blend also improved energy corrected milk compared to the SA treatment. Fatty acid digestibility was decreased with increasing inclusion of SA in the diet, which may have been an issue of either exceeding the lower tracts ability to emulsify the extra saturated long chain FA or that the supplement prill was not easily broken down. Thirdly, a subsequent experiment with lactating cows observed that increased inclusion of oleic acid (OA) in a supplement of mostly PA and SA did not change milk or component production in any facet. There also was no milk production response to lecithin being directly incorporated into the supplement. However, digestibility data will be necessary to assess whether or not these potential emulsifiers improved FA absorption in the lower tract. In conclusion, this thesis presents a potential tool for screening fat supplements for secondary physical characteristics via DSC. It also presents data that suggests PA improves production and FA digestibility compared to SA, and finally that increasing OA and lecithin do not have appreciable impacts on milk and component production.
Download or read book Fatty Acid in Milk Fat from Cows in Response to Dietary Fish Oil and Safflower Oil written by Sarah Harris and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Characterization of Milk Fat from Dairy Cows Fed Supplemental Palmitic Or Stearic Acid written by Mason Elizabeth Kiser and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milk fat and milk fat products are an essential of the modern human diet. With the multitude of products and variety of uses for them, understanding the physical and chemical properties of milk fat has never been more crucial to producing products that adhere to the expectations of the consumer. The chemical properties, and what influences them has been highly researched to produce the healthiest varieties of milk fat products; however, influencing the physical properties through dietary change is a lesser studied area. It is known that feeding dairy cattle fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid will influence the physical properties of milk fat, but it is unknown which fatty acid will have a larger effect on the melting temperature of milk fat samples. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effect feeding palmitic vs. stearic acid has on the melting temperature of milk fat samples.In this study, 12 high producing Holstein cows (mean pretrial milk yield = 53.4 8.7 kg/d; mean SD) were fed four different treatments conducted in a 4x4 Latin square design with 21-day periods. The treatments were a control diet with no fatty acid supplementation, a high palmitic acid diet (HP; 91% C16:0), a diet high in stearic acid (HS; 92.5% C18:0) and an intermediate blend of palmitic and stearic acid supplementation (INT; 45% C16:0). The cattle were milked at 0700 and 1800 hours in a parlor, and milk samples were taken at both milkings on day 19 through 21 of each of the four periods. Direct scanning calorimetry was used to analyze the samples and obtain melting temperatures and enthalpies for two melting processes of each individual sample. Increasing dietary palmitic acid (C16:0) increased the melting temperature of the milk fat to the largest degree. Increasing dietary stearic acid (C18:0) decreased the melting temperatures of the milk fat compared previous studies. Feeding an intermediate supplement of palmitic and stearic acid increased the melting temperature of the milk fat, but not nearly to the degree as feeding palmitic acid alone. This supports previous research suggesting there is a higher transfer efficiency of dietary palmitic acid to milk and a lower desaturation by the 9-desaturase activity compare to stearic acid. The diet most conducive to increasing the melting temperature of milk fat is a diet containing a high level of palmitic acid, which may be conducive to some food products, but detrimental to others.
Download or read book Effect of Breed Parity and Stage of Lactation on Milk Fat Content of Conjugaged Linoleic Acid cla in the Dairy Cow written by Julie Anna Kelsey and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Behavior of Fatty Acids and Fat Supplements in the Rumen of Dairy Cattle and the Effects on Milk Fat Production written by Reilly Pierce and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary fat is an important component on the diets of lactating dairy cattle. Concentration of dietary fat can be increase by feeding oilseeds or enriched fat supplements which allows cattle to partition energy differently which can lead to increases in milk fat concentration, milk fat yield, or milk yield. One common oilseed fed to dairy cattle is cottonseed, as it is high in fiber but also relatively high in fat compared to other common feedstuffs. Fat supplements are very high in fat (>95%) but are more expensive so dairy producers often strike a balance and may feed both fat supplements and oilseeds to dairy cattle. The first objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of cottonseed on milk production in dairy cattle. Previous research feeding cottonseed fed inclusion rates of cottonseed in excess of 15% of dry matter intake (DMI), but cattle were producing less milk and consuming less so therefore, the actual mass of the cottonseed consumed may not be as high as contemporary dairy cattle. This thesis fed cottonseed at up to 9.9% of DMI and found that cottonseed inclusion into the diets of multiparous cattle did not affect milk yield or milk composition but led to a decrease in DMI indicating that it could be safely fed to mature cows. In primiparous cattle, cottonseed inclusion induced milk fat-depression, indicating that the level of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet was greater than the biohydrogenation potential of the ruminal microbes of these animals. The second part of this thesis was to examine the effects of increased concentrations of an unsaturated fatty acid (cis-9 C18:1; oleic acid) in a prilled fat supplement on the milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Previous research suggests that oleic acid may increase digestibility of dietary fatty acids and consequently increase the amount of preformed fat for milk fat synthesis. This experiment indicated that fat supplementation in multiparous cows may decrease milk yield and DMI but was no effect of increased levels of oleic acid on other production components in dairy cattle. Further investigation of the data collected for each half of the thesis is required to determine the effects on the respective methods of fat supplementation on fatty acid digestibility in lactating dairy cattle.
Download or read book Effects of Feeding Supplemental Palmitic Acid C16 0 on Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Lactating Dairy Cows Under Summer Heat written by Jesse Lee Warntjes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Method of Lipid Supplementation and Physical Form of the Forage on Fatty Acid Composition of Milk Fat written by Tara Meade and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Changing the Dietary Ratio of Fatty Acids Under Different Physiological Conditions Alters Energy Partitioning of Dairy Cows written by Jonas de Souza and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutritional Supplements on Biological Processes in Dairy Cows written by Claudio Fabian Vargas-Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of nutritional supplements to generate responses in productive animals at different physiological stages, and their interaction with the particular gastrointestinal tract of ruminants have created the necessity to explore effects beyond productivity. Modulation of immune function and inflammatory processes, modifications of nutrient metabolism, and interactions with the ruminal microbial population are effects attributed to supplements that encouraged the formulation of the set of experiments described in this dissertation. The first experiment was designed to test the effects of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids supplemented in milk replacer for Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period on the immune system, lipid and glucose metabolism, and growth performance when animals underwent a vaccination protocol. Neither supplemental fatty acid source affected productivity, cytokine production, antibody production, or CD4 and CD8 cell proliferation. A treatment effect on glucose and NEFA plasma concentration was observed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly DHA, lowered glucose and NEFA levels compared to control; moreover, a dose effect was observed indicating that increasing amounts of PUFA decreased plasma glucose level. The second experiment tested the effects of Co carbonate (CoCarb) and Co glucoheptonate (CoGH) at different concentrations of Co on in vitro fermentation rate, fermentation end-products, and DM and NDF disappearance. Dry matter and NDF disappearance increased with CoGH relative to CoCarb at 1.0 ppm Co or less. CoCarb at> 3.0 ppm appeared to stimulate the biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids whereas CoGH had limited effects on this process. Finally, the third study evaluated responses to chromium propionate during peak lactation and interactions between chromium and rumen-protected lysine and methionine. Chromium propionate increased feed intake and tended to increase energy-corrected milk yield. Primiparous cows showed greater responses in feed intake and milk protein yield than multiparous cows. In this study, feeding chromium propionate near peak lactation increased feed intake and tended to increase productivity but no benefits of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and methionine were observed. Overall, nutritional supplements helped to regulate different biological functions in ruminants; their utilization is not always is feasible, but the results of these experiments provide guidance about effectiveness during different physiological situations.
Download or read book Evaluation of Medium chain Fatty Acid Supplementation Effects on Dairy Cow Performance and Rumen Fermentation written by Matthew Burdick and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are fatty acids with chain lengths between 6-12 carbons and are primarily metabolized by the liver, however they may be absorbed and metabolized by intestinal mucosa. Medium-chain fatty acids provide the animal with available energy quicker as compared to other fatty acids. Additionally, MCFA have been shown to have strong antimicrobial properties due to the amphiphilic structure. The objective of this research was to evaluate effects of medium-chain fatty acid supplementation on productivity, plasma energy metabolite concentrations, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbial profile of lactating dairy cows. Thirty (n = 8 primiparous, n = 22 multiparous) Holstein cows in mid-lactation (637 ± 68.5 kg of initial body weight, 98.5 ± 27.4 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were used in a crossover design with 28-d periods. The MCFA supplement, consisted of 25% MCFA (containing 32% C8:0, 21% C10:0, 47% C12:0 on DM basis) and 75% carrier ingredient, was fed at 0.25% of dietary DM, replacing dry ground corn in control (CON). Total inclusion of MCFA was 0.063% of dietary DM. No differences were observed in dry matter intake, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility and body weight change between MCFA and CON. However, there was a negative relationship between pretrial milk yield and animal response to MCFA treatment in body weight change; higher producing cows tended to increase body weight to a less extent when MCFA was supplemented. Milk and milk component yields did not differ between treatment groups. However, a negative relationship between pretrial milk yield and animal response to MCFA treatment in milk protein yield; higher producing cows decreased protein yield to a greater extent when MCFA was supplemented. The MCFA supplementation tended to have higher minimum rumen pH (5.66 vs. 5.54; P = 0.08), and decreased daily fluctuation range of rumen pH (1.17 vs. 1.40; P = 0.02) compared to CON. However, duration of acidosis (pH
Download or read book Effect of Increasing Amounts of Processed Pima Cottonseed on Production Performance of Lactating Holstein Cows written by Jorge Gaton Prieto and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Goat Science written by Sándor Kukovics and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goat science covers quite a wide range and varieties of topics, from genetics and breeding, via nutrition, production systems, reproduction, milk and meat production, animal health and parasitism, etc., up to the effects of goat products on human health. In this book, several parts of them are presented within 18 different chapters. Molecular genetics and genetic improvement of goats are the new approaches of goat development. Several factors affect the passage rate of digesta in goats, but for diet properties, goats are similar to other ruminants. Iodine deficiency in goats could be dangerous. Assisted reproduction techniques have similar importance in goats like in other ruminants. Milk and meat production traits of goats are almost equally important and have significant positive impacts on human health. Many factors affect the health of goats, heat stress being of increasing importance. Production systems could modify all of the abovementioned characteristics of goats.
Download or read book Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 2 Lipids written by Patrick F. Fox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-25 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Dairy Chemistry series was first published in four volumes in the 1980s (under the title Developments in Dairy Chemistry) and revised in three volumes in the 1990s. The series is the leading reference on dairy chemistry, providing in-depth coverage of milk proteins, lipids, lactose, water and minor constituents. Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 2: Lipids, Third Edition, is unique in the literature on milk lipids, a broad field that encompasses a diverse range of topics, including synthesis of fatty acids and acylglycerols, compounds associated with the milk fat fraction, analytical aspects, behavior of lipids during processing and their effect on product characteristics, product defects arising from lipolysis and oxidation of lipids, as well as nutritional significance of milk lipids. Most topics included in the second edition are retained in the current edition, which has been updated and considerably expanded. New chapters cover the following subjects: Biosynthesis and nutritional significance of conjugated linoleic acid, which has assumed major significance during the past decade; Formation and biological significance of oxysterols; The milk fat globule membrane as a source of nutritionally and technologically significant products; Physical, chemical and enzymatic modification of milk fat; Significance of fat in dairy products: creams, cheese, ice cream, milk powders and infant formulae; Analytical methods: chromatographic, spectroscopic, ultrasound and physical methods. This authoritative work summarizes current knowledge on milk lipids and suggests areas for further work. It will be very valuable to dairy scientists, chemists and others working in dairy research or in the dairy industry.
Download or read book Dromadaires et chameaux animaux laitiers written by Pascal Bonnet and published by Editions Quae. This book was released on 1998 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Food Emulsions written by David Julian McClements and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-16 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Emulsions: Principles, Practice, and Techniques, Second Edition introduces the fundamentals of emulsion science and demonstrates how this knowledge can be applied to better understand and control the appearance, stability, and texture of many common and important emulsion-based foods. Revised and expanded to reflect recent developments, this s
Download or read book Book of Abstracts of the 65th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science written by European Association for Animal Production. Meeting and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book of Abstracts is the main publication of the 65th Annual Meeting of the European Federation for Animal Science 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It contains abstracts of the invited papers and contributed presentations. The meeting addressed subjects relating to science and innovation. Important problems were also discussed during the sessions of EAAP's nine Commissions: Animal Genetics, Animal Nutrition, Animal Management and Health, Animal Physiology, Cattle Production, Sheep and Goat Production, Pig Production, Horse Production and Livestock Farming Systems.
