Download or read book Effects of Motivationally Salient Stimuli on Visual Spatial Attention written by David Sol Leland and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motivation and Visual Attention in Adolescents and Adults written by Daniel Barry Dodgson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores how the motivation to process a visual stimulus influences attentional control. A core aim was to develop and test a motivation-based as opposed to a perception-based explanation for reward association effects on visual selective attention. To do so, in a series of 12 experiments, stimuli were first imbued with a value, reinforced with monetary wins and losses. Then, these same value-associated stimuli were used as distractors in spatial attention paradigms, including flanker and visual search tasks, incentive cues in a simple detection task, or targets in an ensemble perceptual judgment task. Of primary interest were measures of attentional capture by value-laden opposed to neutral stimuli. Taking a developmental approach, in a subset of the experiments value-driven biases in late adolescents compared to adults were also examined while simultaneous electroencephalography was recorded. Collectively, the results from these experiments suggest that the effects of motivational salience are inconsistent with perception-based accounts but can be encompassed in a motivation-based framework that suggests value-associated stimuli compete to alter current goals. This motivation-based model is grounded in the cognitive control literature and posits a competition among potential goals driven by the costs versus benefits of cognitive engagement with stimuli.
Download or read book The Influence of Attention Learning and Motivation on Visual Search written by Michael D. Dodd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Influence of Attention, Learning, and Motivation on Visual Search will bring together distinguished authors who are conducting cutting edge research on the many factors that influence search behavior. These factors will include low-level feature detection; statistical learning; scene perception; neural mechanisms of attention; and applied research in real world settings.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Attention and Motivational Value in Parietal Cortex written by Michael S. Bendiksby and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Area LIP has long been considered to be heavily involved in controlling transformations of visual stimuli into oculomotor behavior, as well as being an integral part of the extensive cortico-cortical network that controls covert visual attention. Neurons in LIP have been shown to respond to shifts in spatial attention as well as changes in the reward contingencies associated with visual stimuli, leading to the hypothesis that this area is involved in the selective processing of behaviorally relevant visual stimuli. However, the effects of attentional and motivational processes on neuronal activity in LIP have not been fully dissociated from each other. In one experiment I found that changing the reward contingencies in a peripheral visual detection task systematically modulated visual responses in LIP, and that these changes in activity were correlated with the reaction time costs of re-orienting attention. In a further experiment, I manipulated the motivational state of rhesus macaque monkeys by varying the reward value associated with successful completion of a cued reflexive saccade task, and was thus able to study the neuronal activity in LIP while attention and motivation were independently controlled and manipulated. LIP responses to visual targets showed that directed visual attention systematically increased activity in neurons coding the attended location, suggesting spatially specific selective processing of that part of the visual field. In contrast, increasing motivation multiplicatively enhanced the response to visual targets irrespective of their location, suggesting a spatially non-specific enhancement of processing. The effects of attention and motivation on LIP activity were both predictive of changes in saccadic reaction times. These results suggest that attention and motivation exert distinct influences on visual representations in LIP, but that they both contribute to the preferential processing of behaviorally relevant visual stimuli. The data thus support the hypothesis that area LIP encodes a salience map of the visual world.
Download or read book The End of Overeating written by David A. Kessler and published by Rodale. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncovers the influences that have conditioned people to overeat, explaining how combinations of fat, sugar, and sa
Download or read book The Impact of Motivation on Object based Visual Attention Indexed by Continuous Flash Suppression written by Vanessa Troiani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attentional Capture written by Bradley S. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion that certain mental or physical events can capture attention has been one of the most enduring topics in the study of attention owing to the importance of understanding how goal-directed and stimulus-driven processes interact in perception and cognition. Despite the clear theoretical and applied importance of attentional capture, a broad survey of this field suggests that the term "capture" means different things to different people. In some cases, it refers to covert shifts of spatial attention, in others involuntary saccades, and in still others general disruption of processing by irrelevant stimuli. The properties that elicit "capture" can also range from abruptly onset or moving lights, to discontinuities in textures, to unexpected tones, to emotionally valenced words or pictures, to directional signs and symbols. Attentional capture has been explored in both the spatial and temporal domains as well as the visual and auditory modalities. There are also a number of different theoretical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying "capture" (both functional and neurophysiological) and the level of cognitive control over capture. This special issue provides a sampling of the diversity of approaches, domains, and theoretical perspectives that currently exist in the study of attentional capture. Together, these contributions should help evaluate the degree to which attentional capture represents a unitary construct that reflects fundamental theoretical principles and mechanisms of the mind.
Download or read book Visual Spatial Attention written by Lana Haynes and published by Novinka Books. This book was released on 2016 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many events in our daily lives require that we allocate attentional resources towards relevant information in the environment. However, we are constantly presented with more information than we can possibly attend to at any given moment. Visual spatial attention is the prioritization of visual processing to a particular spatial region in one's environment, and is therefore an important component of attention (more broadly construed) and information-processing. Once a region of space has been selected by visual spatial attention, the objects and features within that region can be processed. In this book, Chapter One examines visual spatial attention and its functional role in a variety of cognitive tasks. Chapter Two reviews the different ways in which the various mechanisms of selective attention have been cortically and otherwise classified into low and high levels of processing and to disentangle some of the confusion that may have arisen as a result of inconsistent usage of terminology and concepts in the field. The last chapter discusses studies which use computer simulations to estimate the effect of noise correlation upon the performance benefit gained from cues.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Attention and Motivational Value in Parietal Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Area LIP has long been considered to be heavily involved in controlling transformations of visual stimuli into oculomotor behavior, as well as being an integral part of the extensive cortico-cortical network that controls covert visual attention. Neurons in LIP have been shown to respond to shifts in spatial attention as well as changes in the reward contingencies associated with visual stimuli, leading to the hypothesis that this area is involved in the selective processing of behaviorally relevant visual stimuli. However, the effects of attentional and motivational processes on neuronal activity in LIP have not been fully dissociated from each other. In one experiment I found that changing the reward contingencies in a peripheral visual detection task sytematically modulated visual responses in LIP, and that these changes in activity were correlated with the reaction time costs of re-orienting attention. In a further experiment, I manipulated the motivational state of rhesus macaque monkeys by varying the reward value associated with successful completion of a cued reflexive saccade task, and was thus able to study the neuronal activity in LIP while attention and motivation were independently controlled and manipulated. LIP responses to visual targets showed that directed visual attention systematically increased activity in neurons coding the attended location, suggesting spatially specific selective processing of that part of the visual field. In contrast, increasing motivation multiplicatively enhanced the response to visual targets irrespective of their location, suggesting a spatially non-specific enhancement of processing. The effects of attention and motivation on LIP activity were both predictive of changes in saccadic reaction times. These results suggest that attention and motivation exert distinct influences on visual representations in LIP, but that they both contribute to the preferential processing of behaviorally relevant visual stimuli. The data th.
Download or read book Theories of Visual Attention linking cognition neuropsychology and neurophysiology written by Søren Kyllingsbæk and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neural Theory of Visual Attention of Bundesen, Habekost, and Kyllingsbæk (2005) was proposed as a neural interpretation of Bundesen’s (1990) theory of visual attention (TVA). In NTVA, visual attention functions via two mechanisms: by dynamic remapping of receptive fields of cortical cells such that more cells are devoted to behaviorally important objects than to less important ones (filtering) and by multiplicative scaling of the level of activation in cells coding for particular features (pigeonholing). NTVA accounts for a wide range of known attentional effects in human performance and a wide range of effects observed in firing rates of single cells in the primate visual system and thus provides a mathematical framework to unify the 2 fields of research. In this Research Topic of Frontiers in Psychology, some of the leading theories of visual attention at both the cognitive, neuropsychological, and neurophysiological levels are presented and evaluated. In addition, the Research Topic encompasses application of the framework of NTVA to various patient populations and to neuroimaging as well as genetic and psychopharmacological studies.
Download or read book Effects of Attention on Visual Motion Processing written by Amira Amina Rezec and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motivation and Cognitive Control written by Todd S. Braver and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals do not always perform to their full capability on cognitive tasks. When this occurs, the usual explanation is that the individual was not properly motivated. But this begs the important question: How and why does motivation interact with and influence cognitive processing and the control processes that regulate it? What are the underlying mechanisms that govern such interactions? Motivation has been an important component of psychology and neuroscience throughout the history of the field, but has recently been rejuvenated by rapidly accelerating research interest in the nature of motivation-cognition interactions, particularly as they impact control processes and goal-directed behavior. This volume provides an up-to-date snapshot of the state of research in this exciting, expanding area. The contributors to the volume are internationally-renowned researchers that lead the field in conducting groundbreaking studies. Moreover, they represent a variety of research perspectives and traditions: cognitive psychology and neuroscience, animal learning, social, affective, and personality psychology, and development, lifespan, and aging studies. This book summarizes our current state of understanding of the relationship between motivation and cognitive control, and serves as an essential reference for both students and researchers.
Download or read book The Breadth of Visual Attention written by Stephanie C. Goodhew and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans can focus their attention narrowly (e.g., to read this text) or broadly (e.g., to determine which way a large crowd of people are moving). This Element comprehensively considers attentional breadth. Section 1 introduces the concept of attentional breadth, while Section 2 considers measures of attentional breadth. In particular, this section provides a critical discussion of the types of psychometric evidence which should be sought to establish the validity of measures of attentional breadth and reviews the available evidence through this lens. Section 3 considers the visual task performance consequences of attentional breadth, including prescribing several key methodological criteria that studies that manipulate attentional breadth need to meet, as well as a discussion of relevant theories and avenues for future theoretical development. Section 4 discusses the utility of the exogenous-endogenous distinction from covert shifts of attention for understanding the performance consequences of attentional breadth. Finally, Section 5 provides concluding remarks.
Download or read book Motivation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivation: Theory, Neurobiology and Applications is inspired by a question central to health care professionals, teachers, parents, and coaches alike, "How can an individual be motivated to perform a given activity or training?" It presents novel measurements of motivation developed in psychology and economics, recent insights into the neurobiology of motivation, and current research on applications designed to boost motivation in neurorehabilitation, education, and sports. In addition, tactics on how to connect these different research and knowledge fields within a common (theoretical) framework of motivation is discussed. Thus, in short, the book provides an integrative, interdisciplinary, up-to-date accounting on the neurobiology of motivation and how it might be boosted. Provides an integration of the neurosciences, their clinical challenges, and applicable research Includes both an interdisciplinary and integrative nature Contains a broad array of subject matter that will be of interest to a large target audience Presents contributions from experts in their respective fields
Download or read book Spatial Cue priming Effects of Masked Cue Stimuli on Endogenous Visual Spatial Attention written by Simon Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research in cognitive neuroscience has examined the relationship of consciousness and attention. On the one hand, it remains a debated topic whether attention is a necessary precondition for consciousness; on the other hand other researchers have focused on the possibility and mechanisms of attention without consciousness. Effects of unconscious stimuli on spatial attention were found in several studies but were so far restricted to peripheral cues or specific central cues which may invoke exogenous attention. Given that recent evidence suggests that unconscious stimuli have access ...
Download or read book Effects of Spatial Attention on the Visual evoked Neuromagnetic Response written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of studies have shown that selective attention to spatial location modulates the amplitudes of several visual evoked potential components recorded from posterior regions of the head (e.g., Eason, Harter White, 1969; Harter, Aine, Schroeder, 1982; Hillyard Munte, 1984; Mangun Hillyard, 1988). The early components, P1 and N1 (peak latencies: 90--135 and 140--170 msec, respectively), are thought to arise in one or more areas of visual cortex. Although it is generally assumed that such ERP effects reflect differential activation of populations of neurons at successive levels of the nervous system, little information is available about the neural structures responsible for such effects. We have employed neuromagnetic techniques in an attempt to identify more precisely the neural structures involved in selective attention to spatial location within the P1-N1 time sequence. In this study, effects of attention were assessed by comparing neural responses evoked by stimuli at a specified spatial location when subjects were required to attend and respond behaviorally to that location with neural responses to the same stimuli when subjects were required to attend and respond behaviorally to another location in the visual field. 7 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book Visual Attention written by Richard D. Wright and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-29 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paying attention is something we are all familiar with and often take for granted, yet the nature of the operations involved in paying attention is one of the most profound mysteries of the brain. This book contains a rich, interdisciplinary collection of articles by some of the pioneers of contemporary research on attention. Central themes include how attention is moved within the visual field; attention's role during visual search, and the inhibition of these search processes; how attentional processing changes as continued practice leads to automatic performance; how visual and auditory attentional processing may be linked; and recent advances in functional neuro-imaging and how they have been used to study the brain's attentional network
