Download or read book Effects of Local market Radio Ownership Concentration on Radio Localism the Public Interest and Listener Opinions and Use of Local Radio written by Michael J. Saffran and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Telecommunications Act of 1996 and ensuing radio ownership consolidation are blamed for harming radio localism and the public interest. Prior studies examined impacts attributed to consolidation on format diversity and other measures; however, none explored influences on listener perceptions. The present research sought to determine effects of local-market ownership concentration on listener opinions and use of radio -- potentially indicative of stations' localism and public service -- by surveying listeners in markets categorized by ownership concentration levels. Findings suggest concentration does not strongly influence perceptions; however, overall results indicate potentially negative consequences from local and national consolidation on amounts of local music, news, and public-service programming; live-local programming; and station responsiveness. Findings suggest policy change that could enhance radio localism."--Abstract.
Download or read book The Quieted Voice written by Robert L. Hilliard and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How has American radio—once a grassroots, community-based medium—become a generic service that primarily benefits owners and shareholders and prohibits its listeners from receiving diversity of opinions, ideas, and entertainment through local programming? In The Quieted Voice: The Rise and Demise of Localism in American Radio, Robert L. Hilliard and Michael C. Keith blame the government’s continual deregulation of radio and the corporate obsession with the bottom line in the wake of the far-reaching and controversial Telecommunications Act of 1996. Fighting for greater democratization of the airwaves, Hilliard and Keith call for a return to localism to save radio from rampant media conglomeration and ever-narrowing music playlists—and to save Americans from corporate and government control of public information. The Quieted Voice details radio’s obligation to broadcast in the public’s interest. Hilliard and Keith trace the origins of the public trusteeship behind the medium and argue that local programming is essential to the fulfillment of this responsibility. From historical and critical perspectives, they examine the decline of community-centered programming and outline the efforts of media watchdog and special interest groups that have vigorously opposed the decline of democracy and diversity in American radio. They also evaluate the implications of continuing delocalization of the radio medium and survey the perspectives of leading media scholars and experts.
Download or read book How Hip Hop Became Hit Pop written by Amy Coddington and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2024-07-26 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. How Hip Hop Became Hit Pop examines the programming practices at commercial radio stations in the 1980s and early 1990s to uncover how the radio industry facilitated hip hop's introduction into the musical mainstream. Constructed primarily by the Top 40 radio format, the musical mainstream featured mostly white artists for mostly white audiences. With the introduction of hip hop to these programs, the radio industry was fundamentally altered, as stations struggled to incorporate the genre's diverse audience. At the same time, as artists negotiated expanding audiences and industry pressure to make songs fit within the confines of radio formats, the sound of hip hop changed. Drawing from archival research, Amy Coddington shows how the racial structuring of the radio industry influenced the way hip hop was sold to the American public, and how the genre's growing popularity transformed ideas about who constitutes the mainstream. The author gratefully acknowledges the AMS 75 PAYS Fund of the American Musicological Society, supported in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
Download or read book Radio s Second Century written by John Allen Hendricks and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2022 Broadcast Education Association Book Award One of the first books to examine the status of broadcasting on its one hundredth anniversary, Radio’s Second Century investigates both vanguard and perennial topics relevant to radio’s past, present, and future. As the radio industry enters its second century of existence, it continues to be a dominant mass medium with almost total listenership saturation despite rapid technological advancements that provide alternatives for consumers. Lasting influences such as on-air personalities, audience behavior, fan relationships, and localism are analyzed as well as contemporary issues including social and digital media. Other essays examine the regulatory concerns that continue to exist for public radio, commercial radio, and community radio, and discuss the hindrances and challenges posed by government regulation with an emphasis on both American and international perspectives. Radio’s impact on cultural hegemony through creative programming content in the areas of religion, ethnic inclusivity, and gender parity is also explored. Taken together, this volume compromises a meaningful insight into the broadcast industry’s continuing power to inform and entertain listeners around the world via its oldest mass medium--radio.
Download or read book The Effects of Local Radio Station Group Ownership on Station Performance written by Heather Elizabeth Polinsky and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Local Media and Journalism written by Agnes Gulyas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-19 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive edited collection provides key contributions in the field, mapping out fundamental topics and analysing current trends through an international lens. Offering a collection of invited contributions from scholars across the world, the volume is structured in seven parts, each exploring an aspect of local media and journalism. It brings together and consolidates the latest research and theorisations from the field, and provides fresh understandings of local media from a comparative perspective and within a global context. This volume reaches across national, cultural, technological and socio-economic boundaries to bring new understandings to the dominant foci of research in the field and highlights interconnection and thematic links. Addressing the significant changes local media and journalism have undergone in the last decade, the collection explores the history, politics, ethics and contents of local media, as well as delving deeper into the business and practices that affect not only the journalists and media-makers involved, but consumers and communities as well. For students and researchers in the fields of journalism studies, journalism education, cultural studies, and media and communications programmes, this is the comprehensive guide to local media and journalism.
Download or read book Interest Convenience Or Necessity written by Glenn Thomas Hubbard and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Localism has long been a key goal of broadcast regulatory policy. In recent years, members of the FCC have echoed the often-repeated claims of community activists that low-power radio stations, being inherently more "local", not only serve the public interest more effectively but also function as an antidote to what many consider the negative effects of nationally consolidated, corporate ownership of increasing numbers of radio stations. However, such a claim hinges on the assumption that small, low-power and/or community radio stations are able to compete effectively for at least some of the same listeners big corporate stations pursue. Furthermore, there is an assumption in much literature on the subject that localism itself - both in terms of ownership and programming origination - is a quality that listeners find attractive. The purpose of this study was to test these assumptions empirically. The researcher created a series of experimental conditions, delivered in the form of an online survey with embedded audio files, in which subjects heard radio program excerpts manipulated to test the variables of ownership and locality of origination, answering questions after each excerpt. Dependent variables were affective response, medium credibility and source credibility. A total of 331 respondents in Knoxville, Tennessee heard excerpts of a legal-advice program, a newscast, and a religious music show, each manipulated to sound either locally originated or nationally syndicated, on stations identified as owned by companies ranging from non-profit low-power FMs to national groups such as Clear Channel Worldwide and Infinity-Viacom. Results showed slight, statistically significant preferences for local origination of the legal advice show, on the measure of medium credibility, and for the newscast, measured in terms of affective response. Other manipulations and measures pertaining to locality of origination revealed no significant differences, and there were no significant differences resulting from ownership manipulations. After the experimental portion of the study was completed, subjects responded to Likert-type questions self reporting their radio listening and localism preferences, indicating that they considered radio an important source of information but had only moderate preferences for local origination. A majority registered low levels of concern about broadcast ownership.
Download or read book The Effects of Common Ownership on Media Content and Influence written by George H. Litwin and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Policy and Practice of Community Radio written by Zachary Joseph Stiegler and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While localism is a particularly important aspect of Congress' mandate that broadcasters serve "the public interest, convenience or necessity," the history of US radio broadcasting exhibits persistent tensions between nationalism and localism, which have intensified in recent decades. Current concerns about the loss of localism in US radio broadcasting invite us to reinterpret US radio history from a local perspective. This dissertation traces the tensions between localism and nationalism in US radio broadcasting through four forms of radio broadcasting constructed specifically to serve localism and the public interest: the 10-watt Class D license, full power public radio as typified by National Public Radio, the Low Power FM (LPFM) license established in 2000, and the controversial use of low power radio by religious broadcasters. The Class D license, US public radio, and LPFM all originated with the stated objective of serving the public in meaningful ways which commercial broadcasting cannot. Yet to date, each of these has failed to meet this goal, whether due to legislative action, organizational failure or conflict amongst broadcast entities. Further, each of these case studies illustrates the conflict between nationalism and localism ever-present in efforts to establish radio broadcasting services that adequately and meaningfully serve local publics. Through a critical-historical analysis of the tensions between nationalism and localism in US radio broadcasting, this dissertation offers an understanding for the reasons and implications of the continued failure of radio's ability to serve local communities in the United States. In doing so, I look to the failures of the past to suggest how we may revise the current LPFM license to effectively serve local publics.
Download or read book Public Broadcasting and the Public Interest written by Michael P. McCauley and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 2002-12-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As federal funding for public broadcasting wanes and support from corporations and an elite group of viewers and listeners rises, public broadcasting's role as vox populi has come under threat. With contributions from key scholars from a wide variety of disciplines, this volume examines the crisis facing public broadcasting today by analyzing the institution's development, its presentday operations, and its prospects for the future. Covering everything from globalization and the rise of the Internet, to key issues such as race and class, to specific subjects such as advertising, public access, and grassroots radio, Public Broadcasting and the Public Interest provides a fresh and original look at a vital component of our mass media.
Download or read book Market Power in Radio Markets written by Robert B. Ekelund and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Telecommunications Act of 1996 contains provisions that allow increasing levels of concentration in local radio markets. Debate has focused on whether allowing greater concentration of broadcast media resources into fewer hands is a sound public policy. One fear of regulators is the effect of increased concentration on the market power of radio stations. Concentrating on intraindustry variations, this paper systematically assesses the link between radio station profitability and market concentration. The underlying assumption of the empirical analysis is that sale price (or present value) of the radio station includes the present value of future profits. The results do not support a strong relationship between increases in concentration and the profitability of radio stations, although we find group ownership to increase efficiency.
Download or read book FCC Record written by United States. Federal Communications Commission and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radio Station Market Concentration and Programming Diversity The Effect of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 on Local Radio Markets written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 fundamentally changed the basis of broadcast and communication media regulation. Touted by its proponents in media industry as a remedy for a regulatory regime viewed as non-competitive, the Telecommunications Act changed ownership restrictions. Enough time has transpired allowing for the assessment of the Act's effects on radio ownership patterns and effects on variety. This dissertation examines two affected processes: 1) corporate radio acquisition and 2) radio programming. This dissertation assesses two sets of competing claims. The first set of claims centers on a debate about the effect of deregulation and its effects on media market structure before and after deregulation. Proponents of deregulation held that a relaxed regulatory environment enhances market variability, while opponents of deregulation held that the new regulatory environment favors oligopoly formation at the national level and monopoly control in local markets. This research examines evidence indicating how regulatory change affects the environment in which media owners buy and sell stations in media markets, focusing on regulatory, individual radio station, and media market characteristics and transaction decisions. The second set of claims centers on the product of radio media markets, specifically radio station programming. Deregulation proponents held that the new environment enhances commercial programming variety; opponents held that deregulation decreases programming variety. Using industry ownership records of radio stations and programming over the period 1993-2001, I assess the validity of these two competing claims, using organizational institutional theory, ecological explanations, and political economy theory to examine the extent to which the organizational field characteristic of media organizations has changed over time due to a diminished number of station owners. Acquisition processes are characterized by new station acquis.
Download or read book Localist Movements in a Global Economy written by David J. Hess and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990s, more than 100 local business organizations have formed in the United States, and there are growing efforts to build local ownership in the retail, food, energy, transportation, and media industries. In this first social science study of localism, Hess adopts an interdisciplinary approach that combines theoretical reflection, empirical research, and policy analysis. His perspective is not that of an uncritical localist advocate; he draws on his new empirical research to assess the extent to which localist policies can address sustainability and justice issues.
Download or read book Selling the Air written by Thomas Streeter and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1996-06-24 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this interdisciplinary study of the laws and policies associated with commercial radio and television, Thomas Streeter reverses the usual take on broadcasting and markets by showing that government regulation creates rather than intervenes in the market. Analyzing the processes by which commercial media are organized, Streeter asks how it is possible to take the practice of broadcasting—the reproduction of disembodied sounds and pictures for dissemination to vast unseen audiences—and constitute it as something that can be bought, owned, and sold. With an impressive command of broadcast history, as well as critical and cultural studies of the media, Streeter shows that liberal marketplace principles—ideas of individuality, property, public interest, and markets—have come into contradiction with themselves. Commercial broadcasting is dependent on government privileges, and Streeter provides a searching critique of the political choices of corporate liberalism that shape our landscape of cultural property and electronic intangibles.
Download or read book Public Radio and Television in America written by Ralph Engelman and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1996-04-22 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview of public radio and television in the United States
Download or read book Essays on Regulation of Media Entertainment and Telecommunications written by Peter Charles DiCola and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three essays in this dissertation study either how telecommunications regulation shapes the way media industries are organized or how copyright law constrains the creative works that the entertainment industry produces. Chapter Two analyzes the impact of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 on local radio markets. Using a unique geographic data set, the chapter calculates the pre- and post-1996 limits on the number of stations a single firm may own in a locality as actually implemented by the FCC. The limits are surprisingly permissive and vary considerably from city to city. A strong correlation exists between the 1996 increase in the limits and the increase in ownership concentration over the following five years. This correlation, and the variation in the limits on station ownership serve as a natural experiment in increased concentration to study the effects of concentration on various radio-market outcomes. Increased concentration causes an increase in advertising revenue and the number of programming formats offered, but no change in the size of the listening audience. Chapter Three examines copyright law's treatment of digital sampling, the practice of using fragments of existing music in new music. The chapter describes a model of copyright holders' and samplers' incentives. Bargaining may not divide the profit from the sample-based derivative work between upstream and downstream creators in a way that provides musicians in both groups with sufficient incentives to create. The model demonstrates that, under some conditions, assigning the property rights in sample-based works to the upstream copyright owners can backfire. An optimal system for regulating sequential creation would balance the incentives of upstream and downstream creators, to the benefit of both groups. Chapter Four returns to the radio industry to estimate the effect of increased ownership concentration on labor markets. Local radio markets with higher ownership concentration employ fewer radio announcers, news reporters, and broadcast technicians. Moreover, those professions experienced smaller wage increases in more concentrated markets. These results suggest that increased concentration poses a threat to localism in radio as large firms shift away from hiring local employees and toward centralized staffing. (source : ProQuest).
