Download or read book Effects of Lift Conditions on Three dimensional Trunk Kinematics written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to determine how box size, box weight and task duration affect three-dimensional lumbar kinematics and moment placed on the low back during manual materials handling. A simulation of a lifting task was carried out in which 16 participants repetitively lifted 1 of 4 different box sizes containing 5 kg and 10 kg for 30 minutes. Low back kinematic data were collected with a Lumbar Motion Monitor (LMM) at three times for five minutes during the task. The resulting external peak moment and estimated risk of low back disorder (LBD) were also evaluated. Results indicated that weight condition influenced all the sagittal kinematic parameters, with the more extreme bending and low back flexion velocities associated with the 5kg load condition. Participants also exhibited greater velocities when reaching for the box with the lowest height. The data collection recording period influenced most of the sagittal motion parameters and lateral bending parameters, with the largest range of motion and highest velocities associated with the last run. The lifting component of the task introduced significantly higher sagittal peak acceleration than the lowering component. Increases in box size and box weight increased the moment arm but only the increase in box weight increased the estimated LBD risk. These results demonstrate that light manual material handling may be associated with faster body motion that can influence the loading placed on the low back, and that biomechanical differences exist between lifting and lowering tasks. Additionally, it is recommended that researchers consider the changes in kinematics that occur over time when evaluating repetitive lifting tasks such as those in this study.
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Dynamics of Lifting Under Various Lifting Conditions written by Angela Elizabeth Harrison and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Download or read book Three Dimensional Kinematics of the Upper Limb During Four Functional Lifting Tasks written by Colin Craig Wicks and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics responsible for the description of the motion of an object, or series of objects, in space. This study uses 3-D motion capture to record the motion of the torso and upper extremities during four functional lifting tasks. The tasks are part of a series of standardized tests developed to assess difference in healthy and sub-acute low back-injured populations. The purpose of the study is to develop a method to quantify the 3-D kinematics of the upper extremity and trunk during while comparing the FOB and Qualysis motion capture systems during two separate instructional conditions. Healthy participants between the ages of 18-35 were recruited to perform a one-day repeated measures protocol. The data collected allowed for the angular movement patterns of the general healthy population. In the future, these motion patterns will be used for to the development of kinetic models of the motion.
Download or read book Effects of Time of Day and Warm Up on Lifting Kinematics written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a real need to be able to understand the etiology of back injury. One area that has had only limited research is that of time of day effects. Previous studies have measured both the static (Adams et al., 1987) and dynamic (Fathallah et al., 1995) effects time of day has on the low back. These studies, however, measured maximum capabilities and did not relate their results to real world applications. The objective of the current study is to explore the effects that time of day and warm-up have on trunk kinematics during an industry inspired lifting task. Nine male and three female subjects participated in the study. A series of four separate experimental sessions, two AM sessions held one hour after rising and two PM sessions held nine hours after rising, were performed. During one AM and one PM session the subject was led through a series of physical warm-up exercises prior to performing the lifting exertions. Upon conclusion of the warm-up, subjects completed a lifting task with two separate weight conditions, 3.6 kg and 10.9 kg. The lifting task consisted of lifting a box from the floor, rotating approximately 130 & deg;, and placing the load on an adjacent conveyer. Twenty consecutive lifts were completed for each load condition. The independent variables were SESSION (AM and PM), WARM-UP, and LOAD (low-3.6 kg and high-10.9 kg). The dependent variables considered in this study were peak trunk range of motion and peak trunk velocity in the sagittal and rotational planes, and the (x, y) coordinate positions of each knee in the anterior/posterior and lateral directions at the peak trunk position. The experiment was of a split plot design and used MANOVA and subsequent univariate ANOVA to test for statistical significance. LOAD was the only independent variable that proved statistically significant, and was significant for trunk sagittal position, trunk sagittal velocity, and lateral knee position. Trunk sagittal position increased from 75 ("0.48) & deg; to.
Download or read book Predicting Trunk Kinematics from Static Task Parameters written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the current ergonomic assessment tools available to industry take static "snapshots" of manual material handling (MMH) tasks to assess the hazards of a job. These tools are valuable to industry in that they provide a quick and inexpensive assessment of the task. However, these tools do not evaluate the trunk kinematics occurring during the task. As previous research has shown, trunk kinematics play an important role in assessing the stress placed on a person's low back. The goal of this study was to provide a model that predicts the trunk kinematics as a result of static task parameter inputs. A three-dimensional electrogoniometer worn on the subject's low back (Lumbar Motion Monitor (LMM)) was used to record the effects of task parameters on trunk kinematics during a lifting task. Task parameters consisted of the inputs to the NIOSH Lifting Equation: the beginning and ending asymmetry location (five levels), horizontal distance (two levels), vertical height (three levels), and weight (two levels). Study results showed a good ability to predict the trunk kinematics in the sagittal plane, but a very low ability in the coronal and transverse planes. Using the results of this study to calculate the LMM Model's Probability of High Risk Group Membership (PHRGM) resulted in an average absolute error of 8.07. Improvements in the ability to accurately predict the PHRGM were achieved when the MMH lifts evaluated were kept within the parameters of this research. The results of this research provide ergonomists with trunk kinematics information from the static task parameters that can be used during the ergonomic assessment of a MMH lift.
Download or read book Occupational Biomechanics written by Don B. Chaffin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-05 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for previous editions of Occupational Biomechanics "This book is a valuable resource for any advanced ergonomist interested in physical ergonomics . . . provides valuable research information." -Ergonomics in Design "[This book] represents a distillation of the authors' combined years of experience in applying biomechanicsin various industries and work situations . . . I recommend this book to anyone, regardless of discipline, who is interested in understanding the many biomechanical factors which must be considered when trying to effectthe prevention and reduction of musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace." -Journal of Biomechanics "Impressive descriptions of biomechanical concepts and worksite considerations . . . based not only on mechanical and mathematical principles, but on solid anatomical and physiologic constructs . . . a very valuablereference source." -Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology THE DEFINITIVE TEXT ON DESIGNING FOR THE DEMANDS OF TODAY'S WORKPLACE With critical applications in manufacturing, transportation, defense, security, environmental safety and occupational health, and other industries, the field of occupational biomechanics is more central to industrial design than ever before. This latest edition of the popular and widely adopted Occupational Biomechanics provides the foundations and tools to assemble and evaluate biomechanical processes as they apply to today's changing industries, with emphasis on improving overall work efficiency and preventing work-related injuries. The book expertly weaves engineering and medical information from diverse sources and provides a coherent treatment of the biomechanical principles underlying the well-designed and ergonomically sound workplace. NEW TO THIS THOROUGHLY REVISED AND UPDATED FOURTH EDITION: * 150 new references and many new illustrations * Major changes within each chapter that reflect recent and significant findings * Recent research in musculoskeletal disorders * New measurement techniques for biomechanical parameters and numerous international initiatives on the subject Presented in an easy-to-understand manner and supported by over 200 illustrations and numerous examples, Occupational Biomechanics, Fourth Edition remains the premier one-stop reference for students and professionals in the areas of industrial engineering, product and process design, medicine, and occupational health and safety.
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors Second Edition 3 Volume Set written by Waldemar Karwowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-15 with total page 1154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The previous edition of the International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors made history as the first unified source of reliable information drawn from many realms of science and technology and created specifically with ergonomics professionals in mind. It was also a winner of the Best Reference Award 2002 from the Engineering Libraries Division, American Society of Engineering Education, USA, and the Outstanding Academic Title 2002 from Choice Magazine. Not content to rest on his laurels, human factors and ergonomics expert Professor Waldemar Karwowski has overhauled his standard-setting resource, incorporating coverage of tried and true methods, fundamental principles, and major paradigm shifts in philosophy, thought, and design. Demonstrating the truly interdisciplinary nature of this field, these changes make the second edition even more comprehensive, more informative, more, in a word, encyclopedic. Keeping the format popularized by the first edition, the new edition has been completely revised and updated. Divided into 13 sections and organized alphabetically within each section, the entries provide a clear and simple outline of the topics as well as precise and practical information. The book reviews applications, tools, and innovative concepts related to ergonomic research. Technical terms are defined (where possible) within entries as well as in a glossary. Students and professionals will find this format invaluable, whether they have ergonomics, engineering, computing, or psychology backgrounds. Experts and researchers will also find it an excellent source of information on areas beyond the range of their direct interests.
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
Download or read book Ergonomics in Developing Regions written by Patricia A. Scott and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrially developing countries have the largest populations, the highest levels of poverty, poor health, and illiteracy, and the greatest need for improvement in working conditions. And as the marketplace and the workforce goes increasingly global, accountability with regard to the abuse of cheap labor in developing countries is becoming an issu
Download or read book Journal of Rehabilitation R D written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Obesity on Trunk Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces During Lifting written by Xu Xu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: low back pain, lifting, obesity.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association IEA 2018 written by Sebastiano Bagnara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 1071 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018), held on August 26-30, 2018, in Florence, Italy. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting the health, safety and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors. This volume includes papers addressing the following topics: Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Agriculture, Building and Construction, and Mining, and Human Factors and Sustainable Development.
Download or read book Principal Component Analyses of Joint Angle Curves to Examine Lifting Technique written by Erin Marie Sadler and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of the present body of work were 1) to evaluate the Personal Lift-Assist Device (PLAD) in terms of its effect on lifting technique, interjoint coordination, and whether sex modulates these effects and 2) to explore the use of principal component analysis (PCA) as a method to investigate lifting waveforms. Thirty participants (15M, 15F) completed a freestyle, symmetrical lifting protocol during which three-dimensional kinematics of the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar and thoracic spine were collected using a two-camera Optotrak 3020 system. There were four testing conditions: a) with and b) without wearing the PLAD; and c) 0% load and d) 10% of maximum back strength load. All data were evaluated using PCA. In the first analysis, the relationship between the PLAD and lifting technique under a loaded condition was explored. Results showed that 8 PCs were significantly different between the PLAD/No PLAD conditions yet there were no significant effects of sex on any of the PCs. It was concluded that wearing the PLAD encourages a lifting technique that is reflective of a squat lift, independent of sex. In the second analysis, the PLAD's effect on interjoint coordination patterns under both loaded and unloaded conditions was examined using the relative phase angle (RPA). It was found that there were no significant differences between device, sex, or load conditions on any of the PCs retained in the model. A novel approach to enhance interpretability of PCs was developed during this study. Finally, when the PLAD was not worn, male and female differences were further investigated under loaded and unloaded conditions. It was determined that when the load is individualized to personal strength characteristics, sex differences in lifting technique are negligible. This is a contradictory finding from previous research. Overall, the major contributions of this research are: support for the use of the PLAD in industry; the recommendation that load be selected based on individual strength characteristics for lifting research experimental design; the use of PCA as a method to effectively evaluate lifting waveforms; and the development of a novel approach to aid in the interpretation of principal components.
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors 3 Volume Set written by Informa Healthcare and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-15 with total page 3656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The previous edition of the International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors made history as the first unified source of reliable information drawn from many realms of science and technology and created specifically with ergonomics professionals in mind. It was also a winner of the Best Reference Award 2002 from the Engineering Libraries
Download or read book DHM and Posturography written by Sofia Scataglini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DHM and Posturography explores the body of knowledge and state-of-the-art in digital human modeling, along with its application in ergonomics and posturography. The book provides an industry first introductory and practitioner focused overview of human simulation tools, with detailed chapters describing elements of posture, postural interactions, and fields of application. Thus, DHM tools and a specific scientific/practical problem – the study of posture – are linked in a coherent framework. In addition, sections show how DHM interfaces with the most common physical devices for posture analysis. Case studies provide the applied knowledge necessary for practitioners to make informed decisions. Digital Human Modelling is the science of representing humans with their physical properties, characteristics and behaviors in computerized, virtual models. These models can be used standalone, or integrated with other computerized object design systems, to design or study designs, workplaces or products in their relationship with humans. Presents an introductory, up-to-date overview and introduction to all industrially relevant DHM systems that will enable users on trialing, procurement decisions and initial applications Includes user-level examples and case studies of DHM application in various industrial fields Provides a structured and posturography focused compendium that is easy to access, read and understand
Download or read book Muscle and Tendon Plasticity and Interaction in Physiological and Pathological Conditions written by Adamantios Arampatzis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
